Open Research Oklahoma (Oklahoma State Univ.)
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Synthetic and mechanistic studies of benzo[d]oxazoles, 1H-indoles, and benzimidazoles
No full textTransition metal-free syntheses of 2,5-disubstituted benzo[d]oxazoles and 1,2,5
trisubstituted 1H-indoles by a deprotonation–O-SNAr cyclization sequence are described.
Formation of benzo[d]oxazole began with conversion of 2-fluoroanilines to N-2-fluoroanilides.
Each precursor was activated toward SₙAr ring closure by a C5 electron-withdrawing groups
(NO₂, CN, CO₂Me, or CF₃). These precursors were subjected to deprotonation–cyclization using
2 equiv of K₂CO₃ in anhydrous DMF. The formation of 1,2,5-trisubstituted 1H-indoles from 1
aryl-2-(2-fluoro-5-nitrophenyl)ethan-1-one (deoxybenzoin) Schiff bases is also reported. The
starting deoxybenzoins were prepared by Friedel-Crafts acylation of activated aromatic
compounds by 2-(2-fluoro-5-nitrophenyl)acetyl chloride with AlCl₃ or the corresponding acid
with (CH3SO₂)₂O. These substrates were treated in the same fashion to give the target 1H
indoles. Both transformations proceeded cleanly and in high yields. All heterocycles products
were purified by recrystallization or chromatography. Finally, a new synthesis of 1,2-disubsituted
benzimidazoles has been discovered. This project is in its initial stages and extensive results are
not yet available
Manipulating skeletal muscle buffers cardiometabolic dysfunction in disease
No full textDiabetes mellitus is a worldwide epidemic that burdens over 500 million people globally and was responsible for 6.7 million deaths in 2021. Unfortunately, the incidence of diabetes is increasing and surpassing past predicted rates: presently researchers forecast a diabetic caseload of 1.05 billion by the year 2045. Veterinary medicine is also experiencing an increase in diabetic caseloads in companion animals. Diabetes is defined as a state of dysfunctional glucose handling resulting in chronic hyperglycemia. This disease is further characterized as Type 1 and Type 2 with both types resulting in chronically elevated blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production. Hyperglycemia has many detrimental effects to an individual, such as vasculitis, hypertension, nephropathy, neuropathy, skeletal muscle mass and function loss, and other metabolic disturbances. Importantly, the most beneficial non-pharmacological intervention for diabetes management is exercise. As the largest glucose sink in the body, an individual’s skeletal muscle mass heavily influences their glucose metabolism and overall health parameters. Unfortunately, diabetes itself causes skeletal muscle mass loss and weakness, reducing the overall benefits of what skeletal muscle could provide. Skeletal muscle contains oxidative and glycolytic fibers; however, it is unknown which fiber type is more advantageous in each type of diabetes. To investigate these questions, we utilized two novel mouse models for each type: an increased glycolytic skeletal muscle phenotype through myostatin deletion for Type 1 Diabetes and an increased oxidative skeletal muscle phenotype through Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor Gamma Coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) overexpression for Type 2 Diabetes. In both study models, multiple variables were assessed including glucose homeostasis via plasma glucose, HbA1c, and IGTT, fluid dynamics, skeletal muscle function, and vascular function. In both models, the improvement of skeletal muscle health improved glucose homeostasis, decreased muscle fatigability, conserved fluid dynamics, improved renal function, and restored blood glucose levels to a normal physiological state. Taken together, this data suggests that augmenting skeletal muscle is an effective treatment strategy for the cardiometabolic and muscular dysfunction that occurs with diabetes
Metapopulation models for disease control and epidemic preparedness: Theory and policy implementation
No full textWhen a new pathogen emerges, public health authorities must act swiftly to contain its spread while minimizing social and economic disruption. Human mobility, a key driver of disease transmission, captures underlying behavioral patterns that shape how outbreaks unfold across regions. Despite its importance, the role of human mobility patterns in spreading or mitigating disease transmission has received relatively less attention. To address this gap, this thesis examines how human mobility affects disease spread in metapopulations, i.e., geographically separated subpopulations connected through population movement. In the first study, we theoretically analyzed how network structure influences the basic reproduction number (R₀), a key threshold quantity in epidemic modeling. Using the SIR-network framework, we explored a range of network geometries (e.g., star-shaped, cycle-shaped) to evaluate how mobility patterns shape epidemic occurrences. We introduced the concept of the Standard Threshold Property to characterize network classes that resulted in the same threshold conditions, and we identified several such structures, including star-shaped and star-cycle networks. In contrast, cycle-shaped networks exhibited distinct threshold conditions. We further proposed conjectures for broader network families and supported our analytical results with numerical simulations, highlighting how structural variations can significantly affect epidemic thresholds and dynamics in spatially distributed populations. The second study focused on integrating cellphone-based human mobility data into a metapopulation modeling framework to simulate realistic epidemic scenarios at the county level across all fifty U.S. states. Motivated by the need for targeted intervention strategies, we introduced a novel method for identifying hotspot and superspreader counties, which disproportionately drive local and inter-county transmission. We further explored targeted intervention strategies by reducing local contact rate, i.e., lowering the basic reproduction number (R₀) or limiting mobility in a few hotspot counties, and showed that epidemic control may be possible without blanket statewide lockdowns. Our findings demonstrated that hybrid strategies, which combine localized R₀ control with selective mobility restrictions only in hotspot counties, can achieve comparable outcomes to blanket lockdowns. Together, these two studies advance both the theoretical foundations and practical implementations of mobility-informed epidemic modeling, contributing to more adaptive and effective strategies for pandemic preparedness and disease control
Assessment of student-athlete needs in a program for the transition to life after sport
No full textBackground: Existing research with elite athletes highlights significant physical and mental health challenges faced following transition to life after sport, including increased risk of obesity, mental health disorders, and identity loss. Research is lacking in existing transition programs and what athletes would like in transition programs. Thus, this study determined the needs of student-athletes (SAs) at Oklahoma State University (OSU) related to a program aimed at supporting their transition to life after sport and whether needs differed by SA characteristics.
Methods: This cross-sectional study included an online survey provided to OSU’s Division I SAs (N=550) to identify desired broad program topics, delivery logistics, and resources, and nutrition-specific topics and resources. Statistical analyses included descriptives, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Chi-square, and Pearson correlations.
Results: Data indicated strong preference for education on nutrition (69%), physical training (66%), and mental health (39%), with the majority favoring in-person (54%) and asynchronous (44%) virtual formats. SAs would like the program for 2-3 credit hours (14%) and food provided (11%) with a wide variety of resources for broad program and nutrition portion. Nutrition topics of interest included healthy eating basics, navigating nutrition information, meal planning, nutrition for physical activity, supplements, healthy eating while eating out, healthy weight management, healthy eating on a budget, making healthy habits stick, basic cooking, and chronic disease prevention.
Conclusions: Despite a homogeneous sample, results align with existing issues in literature, underscoring need for tailored support programs. Future research should focus on divers
False information mitigation using pattern-based anomaly detection for secure vehicular networks
No full textVehicular networks utilize wireless communication among vehicles and between vehicles 8 and infrastructures. While vehicular networks offer a wide range of benefits, the security of these 9 networks is critical for ensuring public safety. The transmission of false information by malicious 10 nodes (vehicles) for selfish gain is a security issue in vehicular networks. Mitigating false infor-11 mation is essential to reduce the potential risks it poses to public safety. Existing methods for false 12 information detection in vehicular networks utilize various approaches, including machine learn-13 ing, blockchain, trust scores, and statistical techniques. These methods often rely on past infor-14 mation about vehicles, historical data for training machine learning models, or coordination be-15 tween vehicles without considering the trustworthiness of the vehicles. To address these limitations, 16 we propose a technique for False Information Mitigation using Pattern-based Anomaly Detection 17 (FIM-PAD). The novelty of FIM-PAD lies in using an unsupervised learning approach to learn the 18 usual patterns between the direction of travel and speed of vehicles, considering the variations in 19 vehicles' speeds in different directions. FIM-PAD uses only real-time network characteristics to de-20 tect the malicious vehicles that do not conform to the identified usual patterns. The objective of FIM-21 PAD is to accurately detect false information in vehicular networks with minimal processing delays. 22 Our performance evaluations in networks with high proportions of malicious nodes confirm that 23 FIM-PAD on average offers a 38% lower data processing delay and at least 19% lower false positive 24 rate compared to three other existing techniques.Peer reviewedComputer Scienc
Data storytelling for libraries using data to drive insights and equity
No full textHow data from ARL and IPEDS surveys helps libraries find useful information to improve decisions and promote fairness. This poster explains how organizing and visualizing data turns raw numbers into clear insights, helping libraries track trends, check resource use, and make sure all users have equal access to materials.falseLibrar
Does the classicist sell more oil?: CEO education and its effect on the innovation and strategic distinctiveness of the firm
No full textResearchers in economics, organizational theory, and strategic management have produced significant theory and evidence about how the characteristics of top executives affect organizational decisions and performance outcomes. An important focus of empirical research in this upper echelons tradition has examined executive backgrounds, including education. It has had little to say, however, about a fundamental aspect of what differentiates the formative needs of a top executive from lower-level managers: the importance of it being general.
This study focuses on an early educational experience that may have a direct relation to educating someone as a generalist: a liberal arts education. Liberal arts education is conceptualized and a framework presented asserting its difference from functional education in order to argue that it reduces both the boundedness of rationality and sensitivity to uncertainty inherent in CEOs’ decision making processes. This argument is tested against two elements of firm performance where these attributes might counter organizational inertia: Strategic Distinctiveness and Innovation. I theorize that a liberal arts education will have a positive relationship to firm level strategic distinctiveness and firm level innovation. Additionally, I theorize these relationships will be stronger when environmental complexity and its associated uncertainty is high. I will test my ideas using twelve years of data from S&P 500 organizations, along with CEO biographical information and suitable control variables. This study will answer calls for additional research into executive judgement contributing new understanding of complex problem solving, quantify evidence of the value of liberal arts education, and provide new insights into the fit between CEO and firm
Founders as architects of hype: Influencing propriety and validity beliefs in emerging technologies
No full textThis dissertation examines how founders strategically influence legitimacy beliefs to generate hype around emerging technologies. Drawing on Bitektine and Haack's (2015) multilevel theory of legitimacy, this research investigates the micro-foundations of hype generation by distinguishing between propriety beliefs (individual assessments of appropriateness) and validity beliefs (perceptions of collective acceptance). Through a mixed-methods approach including interviews with entrepreneurs, scale development, and two experimental studies, this dissertation addresses three fundamental questions about legitimacy-based hype formation.
Specifically, the research develops and validates new measures for individual hype, propriety beliefs, and validity beliefs. After which, two experiments tested how rhetorical strategies emphasizing technology success (propriety strategy) and technological inevitability (validity strategy) influence stakeholder beliefs and subsequent hype generation, with media valence as a moderator.
Key findings reveal that propriety beliefs serve as the primary driver of hype, explaining over 50% of variance in stakeholder enthusiasm. Strategies emphasizing technology success effectively enhanced propriety beliefs and fully mediated the relationship to hype generation. Contrary to theoretical predictions, validity strategies failed to selectively influence validity beliefs, and media valence operated as a "belief formation amplifier" rather than a judgment validation institution, directly moderating strategy effectiveness independent of measured beliefs.
Surprisingly, propriety beliefs were dominated by moral rather than pragmatic considerations, while validity beliefs reflected instrumental reasoning about others' support. The hype measure revealed emotional excitement as more influential than cognitive expectations in driving stakeholder engagement, though high hype levels paradoxically coexisted with negative investment intentions.
These findings advance legitimacy theory by demonstrating the primacy of individual moral judgments over collective consensus in uncertain technological contexts. For practitioners, the research suggests that successful legitimacy strategies must resonate with stakeholders' personal ethical frameworks rather than simply signaling widespread acceptance. This work contributes to entrepreneurship literature by revealing the micro-foundations of legitimacy belief formation and challenging conventional assumptions about collective validation in technology adoption
Examination of data-sharing practices in leading obstetrics and gynecology journals
No full textBackground: In medical research, data-sharing is crucial for advancing scientific understanding and innovation, particularly in obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN), where diverse reproductive health issues and maternal-fetal outcomes present unique challenges. Incorporating open data accessibility enhances research quality by allowing stakeholders to access study data, promoting transparency and collaboration. This study focuses on analyzing data-sharing statements in top OB/GYN journals to identify barriers to data availability in research, aiming ultimately to contribute to the enhancement of research quality.Methods: A cross-sectional analysis, following PRISMA guidelines, was conducted to examine DSS in major OB/GYN journals. Journals were selected from the Journal Citation Reports™, and the top five were selected using the 2023 journal impact score. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in MEDLINE (PubMed) to locate studies within 2017-2023 to include for data extraction. Data extraction focused on data-sharing statement presence, study design, funding source, and publication year. Hierarchical logistic regression and thematic analysis were used to identify trends in data-sharing statements.Results: Of the included clinical trials, over half did not contain a data-sharing statement (426/653, 65.24%). Our results indicated significant variability in data-sharing across journals and publishers. Theme assessment was then conducted on a total of 208 articles that had eligible data-sharing statements. Many data-sharing statements had a theme of conditional availability (154/208, 74.04%).Conclusion: Our cross-sectional study reveals that DSS are often limited and vary by OB/GYN journal. While progress has been made in promoting data-sharing in OB/GYN research, significant challenges remain. Fully transparent and accessible research in OB/GYN will require effort, innovation, and collaboration across the scientific community
Quantitative proteomic and phenotypic analysis of Chlamydomonas wild-type and lf4 mutant
No full textBackground: Normal health and development require cilia and flagella, which are essential organelles that are highly conserved across different species. The molecular mechanisms that regulate their assembly state, however, remain largely unknown. In Chlamydomonas, mutations in any of five long flagella (lf) genes result in cells that assemble flagella more than twice the length of wild-type cells. To learn more about the role of one of these genes, LF4 (which encodes a MAP kinase) we used a phenotypic analysis along with a global proteomic approach to identify differentially expressed proteins in the flagella and cell bodies of lf4 and wild-type cells.Methods: To determine the cell body volumes, cells were fixed with an equal volume of 1% glutaraldehyde and examined by phase contrast microscopy. Cell volume was determined with the following equation (4/3π[length/2][width/2]2). Quantitative LC-MS/MS was performed on equal amounts of protein from purified cell bodies and flagella. Resulting data was analyzed using MaxQuant (Version 1.5.2.8) and Perseus (version 1.5.5.3). In order to examine the effect of rapamycin on cell growth, cells were cultured on agar plates containing rapamycin and exposed to constant light.Results: As determined by microscopic analysis, there was a significant increase in the size of lf4 cell bodies compared to wild-type cells. As shown by analysis of the quantitative LC-MS/MS spectra, 66% of the total proteins were common between the two strains with 11% and 12% of flagella proteins and cell body proteins respectively being differentially expressed. Enrichment analysis revealed a decrease in proteins involved in protein synthesis but an increased expression of proteins involved in energy production in lf4 cell bodies compared to wild type. Differential expression of flagellar proteins was also seen in these two strains. For example, lf4 flagella had an increased expression of microtubule motor proteins while wild type had increased expression of proteins associated with organelles. Cells grown in the presence of rapamycin exhibited a dose-dependent decrease in viability and cell growth on both strains, although the effect was less pronounced in lf4.Conclusions: The observation that lf4 cell bodies are larger than wild-type cells suggest that regulation of both flagellar length and cell body size are impaired. The LF4 gene product could regulate both flagella and cell body size. The increase in flagella and cell body size are surprising given the decreased expression of proteins involved in transcription and translation. The increase in protein levels for proteins involved in energy production could reflect an increased energy requirement necessary for flagellar motility with the lf4 flagella