Open Research Oklahoma (Oklahoma State Univ.)
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Effects of the 2007-2008 financial crisis on United States poetry as shown by Joshua Clover's Red Epic
No full textThis essay outlines the effects of the 2007-2008 financial crisis on United States poetry, as shown by Joshua Clover's Red Epic. It does this by first informing on the nature of the 2007-2008 financial crisis before moving on to a discussion of Joshua Clover and several close readings of poetry within the book. These close readings explain the nature of revolutionary poetry, what it means to write poetry for poets, and what poetry can do when faced against the monoliths that are money and power in the modern day
Parameter estimation for the SIR Epidemic Model with COVID-19 and H1N1 epidemiological data
No full textThe SIR model is one of the simplest mathematical models that can be used to describe outbreaks for many different diseases. The SIR model is formed by 3 simple compartments: Susceptible, Infected, and Recovered individuals. This project focuses on the SIR model and uses it to fit real data of two different disease outbreaks with the Least Squares Method. The first disease is the H1N1 Flu and the outbreak that occurred in 2009 in the United States. Figures were produced with the real data and the estimated SIR model, and conclusions were made based on which regions had better fits. The second disease that was used was the COVID-19 outbreak in 2020 in counties of Oklahoma in the United States. Figures were produced and analyzed to see which ones the SIR model was able to predict most closely. The SIR model will be shown to be a good fit for some locations, while for others, it was not that good of a fit for the two diseases considered in this study
Ideology shapes how workers perceive and react to workplace discrimination: An experimental study on parenthood discrimination
No full textEmployers use ideologically-tinged rhetoric to justify workplace discrimination. We argue that workers will be less likely to label biased treatment against them as discriminatory when they subscribe to those ideologies as well. We tested this prediction and the consequences of labeling for work attitudes and performance using an experiment that assigned parents to a low-status position in a work group, varying whether the decision invoked biased, ideological assumptions about parenthood. As expected, ideology drove mothers' (but not fathers’) labeling. Mothers were less likely to label biased treatment against them as discriminatory when they were conservative and when they subscribed to separate spheres and ideal worker ideologies. Mothers who labeled their treatment as discriminatory had more negative work attitudes than those who did not, but also tended to appeal the decision. Ideology thus shapes whether people label discrimination when it occurs as well as their subsequent work attitudes and justice-seeking behaviors.Sociolog
Capacity based performance predictions for positive displacement compressors with low-GWP refrigerants through compressor modeling
No full textRegulatory changes aimed at mitigating climate change require compressor manufacturers to replace current refrigerants with those having low Global Warming Potential (GWP). To select suitable refrigerants for different applications, low-GWP refrigerants' performance evaluation in various positive displacement compressors is crucial. A carefully designed simulation model can provide similar outcomes to heuristic evaluation for a significantly reduced cost. A literature review of sub-models for mass flow, valves, and heat transfer is conducted to identify suitable approaches for the current analysis. PDSim is used to evaluate the scroll compressor performance, as it possesses more desirable qualities for performance evaluation study.A scaling model is developed to design scroll geometry for seven refrigerants within a 1-100 ton range of cooling capacity, based on manufacturing constraints and minimization of leakage. The scaled compressor designs are then simulated using a validated scroll compressor model. The results suggest that an optimum range exists for each refrigerant to achieve good compressor performance, with leakage area being the primary contributor.The evaluation work is extended to the spool compressor by conducting a parametric study to find the optimum geometric aspect ratio for a spool compressor for five refrigerants and a range of cooling capacities between 1-100 RT. A scaling model is developed to vary the compressor geometry and ports. A spool compressor model which was developed by Bradshaw and Groll (2013), is extended and re-validated and is used to simulate these scaled designs. The results suggest that the volumetric and isentropic efficiencies can be maximized by using an eccentricity ratio of 0.75 and L/D ratios from 1-1.5 for various displacement volumes.The results of the scroll and spool compressor analysis are presented in a non-dimensional form using the Grabow diagram, which is a useful tool for comparing different fluid machines. This chart provides a comprehensive analysis of various technologies and can aid in selecting the appropriate fluid machine or compressor for a specific application
Development of an orally administered nanoparticle vaccine to combat clostridioides difficile infections
No full textClostridioides difficile is a gram+, spore forming, toxin producing anaerobe that is found throughout the environment. C. difficile is the leading agent of hospital acquired infections. Symptoms of C. difficile infection can range from diarrhea to pseudomembranous colitis and if left untreated can lead to death. C. difficile is currently only treated with 3 antibiotics Metronidazole, Vancomycin, and Fidaxomicin. All these antibiotics are non-specific to C. difficile and have the side effect of killing the normal microbiome of the gut. This microbiome helps to keep the body resistant to C. difficile infections, and its destruction can lead to relapses of disease. Ongoing work in our lab is looking at preventing C. difficile infections using a nanoparticle based oral vaccine. In a mouse model of C. difficile infections, we previously demonstrated that intraperitoneal injection of a vaccine composed of the receptor-binding domain of C. difficile toxin B (TcdB) with chitosan and poly-g-glutamic acid were effective in inducing antigen-specific IgA and IgG antibodies. Continuing this research, we later demonstrated that rTcdB encapsulated in a polypeptide-based polymer and delivered orally produces a long lasting and robust antibody response. These robust antibody responses to the C. difficile toxin were enough to prevent disease within a mouse model, however, it was not able to reduce bacteria burden leaving the potential for asymptomatic spread and relapses of disease. In my project, I wish to continue this research in two ways. First, by continuing the optimization of the nanoparticle delivery system. To do this we propose using a nanoparticle polymer that specifically targets M-cells lining the intestine and be pH activated. We hypothesize that this will improve antigen immunogenicity and provide better protection against C. difficile infections. Second, evaluate several C. difficile surface proteins immunogenicity in a mouse model. We hypothesize that a two-target approach may decrease the bacterial load and lead to complete protection against C. difficile infections
Impact of online ratings on upstream B2B relationships
No full textRecently, a firm’s digital presence has gained great attention from both academics and practitioners. Among the various aspects of a firm’s digital presence, the firm’s online reviews rating is now a common and increasingly important source of information. Extant online rating literature has extensively examined the downstream impacts of online review ratings, in which a firm’s rating signals the firm’s quality to its downstream customers and consequently drives the firm’s downstream sales. However, little is known about the implications that a firm’s online rating may have for other channel members. Combining signaling theory with power–dependence literature, I investigate the upstream impact of a firm’s online rating on the relationship between the firm and its supplier. In particular, I study how a firm’s online rating alters the behaviors of both the firm’s supplier (Chapter III) and the firm itself (Chapter IV) in the firm–supplier relationship. To uncover the phenomenon and shed light on the underlying mechanisms, I combine a multisource panel dataset with randomized experiments. The findings suggest that (i) as a firm’s rating increases, the firm’s supplier is more likely to grant greater discounts to the firm, and (ii) as a firm’s rating increases, the firm is more likely to purchase less from the supplier, contrary to the common expectation. I also discuss some important contingency factors of the effects of the firm’s online rating on the supplier’s behaviors and the firm’s behaviors in Chapter III and Chapter IV, respectively. The findings suggest important implications for managers of both the firm and supplier companies in utilizing publicly available online information, such as a firm’s online rating, to manage the upstream firm–supplier relationship
Statistical learning of phonotactics by children can be affected by another statistical learning task
No full textChildren typically produce high-frequency phonotactic sequences, such as the /st/ in “toaster,” more accurately than the lower frequency /mk/ in “tomcat.” This high-frequency advantage can be simulated experimentally with a statistical learning paradigm, and when 4-year-old children are familiarized with many examples of a sequence like /mk/, they generally produce it more accurately than if they are exposed to just a few examples. Here, we sought to expand our understanding of the high-frequency advantage, but surprisingly, we instead uncovered an exception. Twenty-nine children between 4 and 5 years of age completed a phonotactic statistical learning experiment, but they also completed a separate experiment focused on statistical learning of prosodic contours. The order of the experiments was randomized, with the phonotactic statistical learning experiment occurring first for half of the children. For the children who completed the phonotactic learning experiment first, the results were consistent with previous research and a high-frequency advantage. However, children who completed the phonotactic learning experiment second produced low- frequency sequences more accurately than high-frequency sequences. There is little precedent for the latter effect, but studies of multistream statistical learning may provide some context for unpacking and extending the result.Communication Sciences and Disorder
Antimicrobial activity of a recombinant Clostridium butyricum bacteriocin (CBMB) against Clostridioides difficile and other gram positive and gram negative bacteria
No full textClostridioides difficile is the leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea worldwide and infects approximately 200,000 people annually in the United States. C. difficile is a gram positive, anaerobic, spore forming bacterium that takes advantage of the disruption of the gut microflora during antibiotic treatment. C. difficile spores germinates in the small intestine and rapidly proliferate in the colon leading to infections that can lead to sepsis and death if left untreated. Vancomycin and metronidazole are the antibiotics of choice for C. difficile infections (CDIs). However, relapsing cases are often common while the risk of developing antibiotic resistance is high. Therefore, it is critical to develop alternative treatment strategies against C. difficile. Previously, our lab screened multiple non-pathogenic commensals for their ability to inhibit C. difficile in vitro. Currently commercialized as a probiotic, Clostridium butyricum Mayairi bacteriocin (CBMB) was shown to have the highest inhibitory effect on multiple strains of C. difficile in vitro. Currently we have successfully cloned and purified recombinant CBMB. Results from our laboratory show an equal to greater effectiveness of the bacteriocin compared to the current antibiotics. In this study, our goal is to assess the activity of the bacteriocin on several strains of C. difficile as well as other similar bacterium. The goal of the research would be to find a novel treatment for CDIs that would avoid reoccurring cases and antibiotic resistance risks
Instrucciones para las muestras de hojas de nueces pecanas
No full textThe Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service periodically issues revisions to its publications. The most current edition is made available. For access to an earlier edition, if available for this title, please contact the Oklahoma State University Library Archives by email at [email protected] or by phone at 405-744-6311
Home ranges, resource selection, and survival of adult female black bears in a mixed-oak habitat type in northcentral Pennsylvania
No full textFrom 2019–2021, hunting seasons for American black bears (Ursus americanus) in Pennsylvania increased in length and changed in structure compared to prior years. Factors that influence bear harvest vulnerability during these expanded hunting seasons are unknown. Fall movement patterns of bears vary annually and may depend on fall hard mast availability. Understanding the variability in movements among bears throughout hunting seasons and their fates can inform management. We trapped and GPS-collared adult female bears in the Sproul State Forest in northcentral Pennsylvania from 2019–2021 to determine home range sizes, patterns of resource selection, and sources of mortality. We assessed the relative abundance of fall hard mast to characterize annual variability in mast availability. We evaluated temporal and spatial variation in hunter activity with road-side surveys and remote trail cameras, respectively. Beginning 1 September, we estimated fall and weekly home range size with utilization distributions through an autocorrelated kernel density estimation and evaluated the influence of predictors hypothesized to influence third-order resource selection through generalized linear mixed models. We investigated factors hypothesized to influence survival during bear hunting seasons with known-fate models. Mean fall home range size was 248.7 km² (range = 6.1–2636.1 km²). Home range size varied by year and were generally smaller during archery harvest season than other periods. Patterns of weekly resource selection indicated bears shifted their space use to areas with lower elevations and steeper slopes during hunting seasons. Bears selected for areas containing oak trees throughout the fall. Survival was lower in older age bears, higher relative mast abundance conditions, steeper slopes, and areas of greater hunter space use during the general firearms season. Survival was higher in areas of greater hunter space use during archery season. Harvest rate of adult female bears was 0.345 in 2019, 0.321 in 2020, and 0.150 in 2021, and averaged 0.272 across all three years. The probability of an adult female black bear surviving all harvest seasons each year was 0.611 (SE = 0.086, 95% CI = 0.436, 0.761). The high harvest rate and low predicted survival may lead to population reduction