Open Research Oklahoma (Oklahoma State Univ.)
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Evaluation of behavior management training: Training teachers to improve classroom management skills
No full textThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of two virtual prerecorded trainings. Training 1 is a three hour training titled Basics of Classroom Behavior Management. Training 2 is a 10-hour training titled Behavior Reduction. Evidence of implementation was confirmed by direct observations of teacher and student behavior in the classroom at baseline, after the 3-hour training, and after the 10-hour training. The study hypothesizes a) Training 2 will improve teachers' classroom management by increasing on-task behavior b) Training 1 will improve teachers' classroom management by increasing student on-task behavior c) Teachers' will have an increased positive evaluation of the trainings. Results indicate that Training 1 is a successful intervention to increase average teacher positive behaviors and decrease average teacher reprimands delivered. Results also indicate that Training 2 is an effective tool to increase student engagement, and decrease student off-task behaviors (e.g., talking out, out of seat, object play, and passive behavior. Study implications include the effective use of virtual behavioral management trainings to increase teachers’ classroom management skills as a more cost-effective and flexible delivery of training
General approach to photocatalytic activation of inactivated alkyl halides
No full textFor many years, humans have been trying to emulate nature and harness the power of the sun for everything we can imagine- including synthetic chemistry and the generation of reactive organic molecules, even radical fragments. Radicals have a remarkable ability to add to alkenes with very small reaction barriers- provided the electronics of the alkene and radical match. The generation of the alkyl radical component, on the other hand, has traditionally relied on the use of toxic tin salts as well as deep UV light which substantially diminishes enthusiasm for this remarkable coupling reaction. Some of the challenges associated with this reaction stem from the use of the alkyl iodide precursors which are somewhat operationally limited, as well as the use of deep UV light, which substantially limits the use of the functionally rich substrates. In our efforts, we have shown that visible light can be used to convert the synthetically more accessible alkyl chlorides and bromides into radicals capable of undergoing highly efficient additions to aα, β-unsaturated alkenes in excellent yields without the use of toxic salts. Specifically, this poster will discuss the optimization of secondary chlorides with benzyl acrylates
Intensive courses: A mixed-methods approach to examining perceptions of low SES community college students
No full textThe purpose of this mixed-methods study was to gain insight into the experience of low SES community college students in intensive courses. Utilizing both quantitative and qualitative data from one community college, the researcher conducted this study of if, how, and to what extent, intensive courses contribute to low SES student success. Three research questions guided the study: What is the relationship between intensive course success rates and low SES status of students?; What are low SES students’ perceptions of intensive courses?; To what degree do intensive courses contribute to low SES students’ success? Quantitative analysis of data from one community college found that students performed as well in intensive courses as they did in traditional full-semester courses. Three themes emerged from a qualitative analysis of data from ten one-on-one interview participants from the same community college: Time management is considered vital to success in intensive courses; A sense of accomplishment is perceived as a motivator for both seeking out and completing intensive courses; There are multiple factors beyond course format that influence student learning. Participants viewed intensive courses favorably. Findings from this study are informative to faculty, staff, and administrators of community colleges and universities when they consider intensive course formats
Role of nuclear hormone receptors in gene expression of alpha-herpes viruses and important functions for maintaining latency
No full textBovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) and human alphaherpesvirus 1 (HSV-1) establish life-long latency following acute infection. BoHV-1 can cause abortion in cattle and reactivation from latency frequently occurs during latter stages of pregnancy. During pregnancy, progesterone (P4) levels increase: consequently, I hypothesized P4 stimulates BoHV-1 reactivation from latency. My studies demonstrated, P4 stimulates productive infection in the presence of the progesterone receptor (PR). Since steroid receptors can increase expression of Krüppel like factor (KLF) family members, the cooperative effects of PR with KLF members were examined. My studies revealed BoHV-1 infected cell protein 0 (bICP0) early promoter is cooperatively transactivated by PR and KLF4. For reactivation to occur, a pool of neurons must be maintained at the site of latency i.e., trigeminal ganglia (TG). Latency related transcript (LRT) is abundantly expressed during latency and encodes a protein (ORF2). Surprisingly, ORF2 mRNA suppresses glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mediated transactivation of immediate early transcription unit 1 (IEtu1) promoter. Since IE gene expression is a key event in productive infection, I hypothesized ORF2 mRNA could inhibit productive infection as well. My studies revealed ORF2 RNA also inhibits the GR, KLF15 and DEX mediated productive infection. Furthermore, a host signaling pathway, Akt supports latency. Since Akt family members inhibit GR or/and KLF15 mediated transactivation of the BoHV-1 IE promoters I hypothesized that Akt does this by influencing GR protein expression. My study demonstrated, Akt-1 reduced GR expression in mouse neuronal cells.HSV-1 reactivation from latency can cause recurrent ocular disease, oral-facial lesions (cold sores, and life-threatening encephalitis). The ICP0 protein is expressed under immediate early conditions and is a crucial transcriptional regulatory protein. The ICP0 full length promoter is cooperatively transactivated by GR, KLF15 and DEX. Consequently, I hypothesized that the ICP0 promoter contains independent cis-regulatory modules (CRMs) that are transactivated by GR, KLF15 and DEX. These studies revealed three independent CRMs within the ICP0 promoter were transactivated by GR, KLF15 and DEX and consensus specificity protein 1 (Sp1) were required for transactivation. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that nuclear hormone receptors and KLF members increase the incidence of BoHV-1 and HSV-1 reactivation from latency
Automated scoring of writing
No full textFor decades, automated essay scoring (AES) has operated behind the scenes of major standardized writing assessments to provide summative scores of students’ writing proficiency (Dikli in J Technol Learn Assess 5(1), 2006). Today, AES systems are increasingly used in low-stakes assessment contexts and as a component of instructional tools in writing classrooms. Despite substantial debate regarding their use, including concerns about writing construct representation (Condon in Assess Writ 18:100–108, 2013; Deane in Assess Writ 18:7–24, 2013), AES has attracted the attention of school administrators, educators, testing companies, and researchers and is now commonly used in an attempt to reduce human efforts and improve consistency issues in assessing writing (Ramesh and Sanampudi in Artif Intell Rev 55:2495–2527, 2021). This chapter introduces the affordances and constraints of AES for writing assessment, surveys research on AES effectiveness in classroom practice, and emphasizes implications for writing theory and practice.Englis
Sigma factor n, liaison to an ntrC and rpoS dependent regulatory pathway controlling acid resistance and the LEE in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli
No full textEnterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is dependent on acid resistance for gastric passage and low oral infectious dose, and the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) for intestinal colonization. Mutation of rpoN, encoding sigma factor N (σ(N)), dramatically alters the growth-phase dependent regulation of both acid resistance and the LEE. This study reports on the determinants of σ(N)-directed acid resistance and LEE expression, and the underlying mechanism attributable to this phenotype. Glutamate-dependent acid resistance (GDAR) in TW14359ΔrpoN correlated with increased expression of the gadX-gadW regulatory circuit during exponential growth, whereas upregulation of arginine-dependent acid resistance (ADAR) genes adiA and adiC in TW14359ΔrpoN did not confer acid resistance by the ADAR mechanism. LEE regulatory (ler), structural (espA and cesT) and effector (tir) genes were downregulated in TW14359ΔrpoN, and mutation of rpoS encoding sigma factor 38 (σ(S)) in TW14359ΔrpoN restored acid resistance and LEE genes to WT levels. Stability, but not the absolute level, of σ(S) was increased in TW14359ΔrpoN; however, increased stability was not solely attributable to the GDAR and LEE expression phenotype. Complementation of TW14359ΔrpoN with a σ(N) allele that binds RNA polymerase (RNAP) but not DNA, did not restore WT levels of σ(S) stability, gadE, ler or GDAR, indicating a dependence on transcription from a σ(N) promoter(s) and not RNAP competition for the phenotype. Among a library of σ(N) enhancer binding protein mutants, only TW14359ΔntrC, inactivated for nitrogen regulatory protein NtrC, phenocopied TW14359ΔrpoN for σ(S) stability, GDAR and ler expression. The results of this study suggest that during exponential growth, NtrC-σ(N) regulate GDAR and LEE expression through downregulation of σ(S) at the post-translational level; likely by altering σ(S) stability or activity. The regulatory interplay between NtrC, other EBPs, and σ(N)-σ(S), represents a mechanism by which EHEC can coordinate GDAR, LEE expression and other cellular functions, with nitrogen availability and physiologic stimuli.Microbiology and Molecular Genetic
Us vs. them? How student veterans percieve themselves within the university community
No full textThis multi-case study explored the experiences and perceptions of student veterans in a college setting and who work or regularly spend time in the student veteran center. Through in-depth interviews, student veterans described their experiences on campus and the extended campus community. Further, participants discussed their experiences and perceptions of campus veteran support student such as with the Student Veteran Center and campus support staff. The institution used for this study was a large, public, 4-year institution in the Midwest United States. Six participants participated in face-to-face interviews as well as various support staff that works with student veterans or in departments that service student veterans. Transcripts, observations, and artifacts of collected data were analyzed to identify common themes and contextual information to understand the student veterans’ experiences and perceptions at their institution.The primary research questions for this study were: 1) What are student veterans’ reported experiences with support systems in place specifically for them? 2) How do student veterans perceive the role of support services in meeting their goals and needs? 3) Using which tenets of Veterans’ Critical Theory (Phillips & Lincoln, 2017) best explain the experiences student veterans have on campus and with a university community as a whole?This study informs university administrators and faculty about the unique student veteran demographic and their unique attitudes that come out of a military background. The findings of this study will help determine areas that need further assessment and future studies to advance understanding of student veterans and their journey through higher education. Furthermore, results will help inform higher education institutional policies and strategic planning on areas to best support student veterans so they may successfully integrate throughout the university community and meet their educational goals, leading to program completion and eventual graduation
BRD7 improves glucose homeostasis independent of IRS proteins
No full textBromodomain-containing protein 7 (BRD7) has emerged as a player in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. Hepatic BRD7 levels are decreased in obese mice, and the reinstatement of hepatic BRD7 in obese mice has been shown to establish euglycemia and improve glucose homeostasis. Of note, the upregulation of hepatic BRD7 levels activates the AKT cascade in response to insulin without enhancing the sensitivity of the insulin receptor (InsR)-insulin receptor substrate (IRS) axis. In this report, we provide evidence for the existence of an alternative insulin signaling pathway that operates independently of IRS proteins and demonstrate the involvement of BRD7 in this pathway. To investigate the involvement of BRD7 as a downstream component of InsR, we utilized liver-specific InsR knockout mice. Additionally, we employed liver-specific IRS1/2 knockout mice to examine the requirement of IRS1/2 for the action of BRD7. Our investigation of glucose metabolism parameters and insulin signaling unveiled the significance of InsR activation in mediating BRD7's effect on glucose homeostasis in the liver. Moreover, we identified an interaction between BRD7 and InsR. Notably, our findings indicate that IRS1/2 is not necessary for BRD7's regulation of glucose metabolism, particularly in the context of obesity. The upregulation of hepatic BRD7 significantly reduces blood glucose levels and restores glucose homeostasis in high-fat diet-challenged liver-specific IRS1/2 knockout mice. These findings highlight the presence of an alternative insulin signaling pathway that operates independently of IRS1/2 and offer novel insights into the mechanisms of a previously unknown insulin signaling in obesity.Nutritional Science
Effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on the contralateral repeated bout effect of the elbow flexor muscles
No full textPURPOSE: To examine the effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on the contralateral repeated bout effect (CL-RBE) of the biceps brachii (BB). METHODS: Twenty untrained adults were randomly assigned into an ipsilateral (IL) or CL group, and completed 7 visits. Following a familiarization (visit 1), participants completed 3 maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs) and submaximal trapezoidal contractions at 40% and 70% MVIC before and after 45 NMES to the BB muscle (1st bout) at pre (visit 2), post (visit 2), 1 day post (24post [visit 3]), and 2 days post (48post [visit 4]). The same procedures were performed for visits 5 (2nd bout), 6 (24post), and 7 (48post) on the same arm for IL or the contralateral arm for CL. Muscle damage markers (MVIC, elbow range of motion [ROM], visual analog scale [VAS] and pressure pain threshold [PPT] for muscle soreness and pain, and muscle thickness via ultrasonography were measured. Surface electromyography (EMG) and mechanomyography (MMG) were recorded from the BB. The EMG signals were decomposed to calculate y-intercepts and slopes for the motor unit (MU) mean firing rate (MFR) and MU action potential amplitude (MUAPAMP) vs. recruitment threshold (RT) relationships. The MMG amplitude (MMGRMS)-force relationships were log-transformed to calculate a and b terms for the linearly varying segments of the trapezoid. EMG amplitude (EMGRMS) and MMGRMS during steady force were normalized (N-EMGRMS, N-MMGRMS) to MVIC. Separate mixed factorial analysis of variance (ANOVAs) were performed. RESULTS: MVIC and ROM at post were less than pre, 24post, and 48post (p<0.05). Muscle thickness at pre was less than post (p<0.001) and 24post (p=0.019). PPT and the b terms at pre were greater (p<0.05) than post, 24post, and 48post. Y-intercepts for the MFR vs. RT relationships during the 70% MVIC were lower at post than pre (p=0.015), 24post (p=0.050), and 48post (p=0.016). VAS were lower (p=0.003) during the second bout (0.21±0.27cm) than the first bout (1.06±0.70cm) for the IL group. There were no significant differences between bouts for other dependent variables. CONCLUSION: Although there was an IL-RBE for VAS, the other variables did not support the existence of IL- or CL-RBE with NMES