Open Research Oklahoma (Oklahoma State Univ.)
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Factors associated with growth in daily smoking among Indigenous adolescents
No full textNorth American Indigenous adolescents smoke earlier, smoke more, and are more likely to become regular smokers as adults than youth from any other ethnic group, yet we know very little about their early smoking trajectories. We use multilevel growth modeling across five waves of data from Indigenous adolescents (aged 10-13 years at Wave 1) to investigate factors associated with becoming a daily smoker. Several factors, including number of peers who smoked at Wave 1 and meeting diagnostic criteria for major depressive episode and conduct disorder, were associated with early daily smoking. Only age and increases in the number of smoking peers were associated with increased odds of becoming a daily smoker. © 2012 The Authors. Journal of Research on Adolescence © 2012 Society for Research on Adolescence
Genre fiction as art: An analysis & defense
No full textThis paper serves as an analysis of “genre fiction” and its denigration by evaluating fields such as philosophy, history, and literary theory. The paper’s focus is to demonstrate that the criticisms of genre fiction being unartistic are both ill-founded and incorrect. By looking to exemplars such as Tolkien, Martin, and Rothfuss, this paper demonstrates how secondary world fantasies (and other genres) can embody artistic, literary qualities that are impossible for realist fiction (often lauded as “literary fiction” by academics and critics) to even attempt in its own stories without jeopardizing its tenets. Furthermore, this essay includes the first four chapters of a fantasy novel which collectively serve as an example of the potential artistic, literary qualities of the genre and its conventions
Senior Design Report Spring 2023: Technical and economic proposal "Closing critical gaps to enable a circular plastics economy"
No full textThis team developed a pyrolysis purification unit that will deliver feedstock to an adjacent ethylene while minimizing capital and variable operating costs. The design also includes treatment of contaminants, environmental concerns, and the health and safety of the personnel working this purification unit. We have also made recommendations for the Bali Project Team that will contribute to closing the recycling quantity, quality, and affordability issues that our design group was made aware of
New physics from multi-Higgs-doublet models
No full textThe Standard Model (SM) has been confirmed by many precision tests to be one of the greatest achievements of modern physics. However, it is not the ultimate theory since there are many remaining questions that cannot be explained, including the existence of dark matter, the flavor structure, the origin of matter-antimatter asymmetry and the neutrino masses. These unexplained questions motivate us to explore new physics beyond the SM (BSM) while being consistent with the existing experimental data.The Higgs discovered at the LHC provides a new window to explore the BSMs. In the SM, the scalar sector is constructed in the simplest way using one scalar doublet. Extensions with an extra singlet, doublets as well as triplets are widely investigated to accommodate the aforementioned questions. Symmetries play an important role in particle physics as providing the necessary mathematical system. For instance, the SM is based on the gauge group SU(3)C ⊗ SU(2)L ⊗ U(1)Y. So adding proper symmetry can not only make the new model more structural but also reduce the number of free parameters. In this dissertation, we explored the new physics from the Three-Higgs-Doublet model with S3 symmetry subject to several constraints from the existing measurements: fermion masses, CKM matrix, PMNS matrix, neutron electric dipole moment (nEDM) and bounded from below (BFB) conditions. We found the new model can fit into the current data while predicting that there will be another eight heavier Higgs bosons out there to be discovered. Also, we predict the effective neutrino mass in beta decay, effective Majorana neutrino mass in neutrinoless double beta decay, summation of neutrino mass in cosmology, the masses of the new Higgs bosons and the neutron EDM value corresponding to the lowest heavy Higgs boson. Although the new Higgs bosons are too heavy to be tested in the current collider, the neutron EDM value can be used as an indirect signal
Evaluation of an antibiotic alternative (Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Fermentation Product; SCFP) on animal performance, plasma metabolites, rumen parameters, and fecal pathogen shedding in feedlot steers
No full textThe objective of this experiment was to evaluate a commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (SCFP) on performance, plasma metabolites, rumen parameters, and fecal pathogen shedding in feedlot steers. Crossbred steers (n = 61; 271 ± 48.1 kg) were assigned to 1 of 3 experimental treatments in a randomized complete block design and housed in pens equipped with an automated individual feed intake system. Treatments consisted of a positive control diet with monensin sodium (CON), CON with tylosin phosphate (TYL), or CON with SCFP (SCFP). Body weight and G:F did not differ among treatments (P ≥ 0.12). However, steers fed SCFP tended to have greater ADG from d 35 to 56 (P = 0.10). Additionally, steers fed SCFP had increased DMI from d 56 to 112 and overall (P ≤ 0.05), and a tendency for increased DMI from d 112 to final (P = 0.07). Rumen pH and rumen lactate concentrations were impacted by time (P < 0.01). A treatment × time interaction (P < 0.01) was detected for fecal pH and fecal pH change. Fecal pH was greater in TYL fed steers on d 56 and in CON fed steers on the final day. For fecal pH change, steers that consumed CON had (P < 0.01) or SCFP tended to have (P = 0.08) greater reductions from d 35 to 56, while both CON and SCFP fed steers had greater increases from d 56 to 112 (P < 0.01). Blood plasma metabolite concentrations were impacted by time (P ≤ 0.04). A treatment × time interaction was observed (P < 0.02) for the quantification of stx2 Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in fecal samples where SCFP and TYL fed steers tended to have increased levels on d 14, while on d 190 CON and SCFP fed steers had increased levels. Both STEC and Salmonella shedding were impacted by time (P < 0.001). This experiment suggests that SCFP could potentially serve as an alternative to tylosin phosphate in feedlot steers without adversely affecting steer performance. However, notably, CON fed steers performed similarly to steers fed both SCFP and TYL
Evaluation of irrigated corn management using testing agriculture performance solutions framework
No full textWith declining water levels of the Ogallala Aquifer in the Southern High Plains the Testing Agricultural Performance Solutions (TAPS) framework takes management techniques used by producers in the area to evaluate management techniques that prove to be efficient in the field of Zea Mayes L. (Corn). Participants within the TAPS framework chose the corn hybrid, plant population, irrigation amounts, and fertilizer amounts while comparing them to a standard hybrid. Evaluations from participants and the standard hybrid were based on yield in 2021 and 2022 as well as yield components in 2022. Fixed rate treatments managed by research specialists with evaluations being conducted the same as participant and standard treatments. This style of research is unique and gives researchers a new understanding of areas of corn management that are vital in a semi-arid climate
Preliminary investigation into the effectiveness of a virtual reality scenario for adolescents who stutter
No full textStuttering is a fluency disorder that is often a lifelong diagnosis, posing challenges in communication and quality of life for people who stutter (PWS). Various interventions have been developed to address these issues, but many approaches have been unable to extend the benefits of therapy into real-life environments. Virtual Reality (VR) has the potential to bridge the gap between the clinical and outside success, but the benefits are restricted by accessibility, portability, and affordability.This preliminary study’s goals are to test the efficacy of a low cost and portable VR system. The objective is to nurture the continued practice and carryover outside of the clinic for adolescents who stutter. The study research questions are as follows: 1) What is the impact on stuttering skills following an at-home trial program using VR in a school-based scenario? 2) What is the impact on affective and cognitive feelings (as measured by a biological marker) following an at-home trial program using VR in a school-based scenario?
3) What are the lived experiences of the PWS following an at-home trial program using VR in a school-based scenario?Utilizing a pre-post design with three school aged PWS, the participants will receive a VR-based therapy set in a classroom environment. The participants will practice at least five days a week for two weeks. Outcome measures include stuttering severity, affective and cognitive feelings, and the lived experience of the PWS. The results indicate that VR, as an intervention, can promote PWS communication and quality of life. VR has the potential to bridge the gap between the clinic and real-life success
Evolution of deterrent thinking in USSR and Russia: a look through military reports
No full textMedia and Strategic Communication
Expanding access to tribal treaties in the United States from 1778-1886
No full textThe Oklahoma State University Libraries joined with federal partners to create the Tribal Treaties Database (TTD), based on the seven-volume Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties, edited by Charles J. Kappler. In its second year of development, the TTD has seen many advancements, including newly annotated provisions, improved search functionality, and expanded data interoperability. This poster will highlight the background of this important project, showcase screenshots from the database, provide an overview of statistics since its launch, and outline future updates to the online portal to encourage and expand use.Librar
Single-fiber reflectance spectroscopy of isotropic-scattering medium: An analytic perspective to the ratio-of-remission in steady-state measurements
No full textRecent focused Monte Carlo and experimental studies on steady-state single-fiber reflectance spectroscopy (SfRS) from a biologically relevant scattering medium have revealed that, as the dimensionless reduced scattering of the medium increases, the SfRS intensity increases monotonically until reaching a plateau. The SfRS signal is semi-empirically decomposed to the product of three contributing factors, including a ratio-of-remission (RoR) term that refers to the ratio of photons remitting from the medium and crossing the fiber-medium interface over the total number of photons launched into the medium. The RoR is expressed with respect to the dimensionless reduced scattering parameter μ's dfib, where μ's is the reduced scattering coefficient of the medium and dfib is the diameter of the probing fiber. We develop in this work, under the assumption of an isotropic-scattering medium, a method of analytical treatment that will indicate the pattern of RoR as a function of the dimensionless reduced scattering of the medium. The RoR is derived in four cases, corresponding to in-medium (applied to interstitial probing of biological tissue) or surface-based (applied to contact-probing of biological tissue) SfRS measurements using straight-polished or angle-polished fiber. The analytically arrived surface-probing RoR corresponding to single-fiber probing using a 15° angle-polished fiber over the range of μ's dfib = (10-2 103) agrees with previously reported similarly configured experimental measurement from a scattering medium that has a Henyey-Greenstein scattering phase function with an anisotropy factor of 0.8. In cases of a medium scattering lightanisotropically, we propose how the treatment may be furthered to account for the scattering anisotropy using the result of a study of light scattering close to the point-of-entry by Vitkin et al.Electrical & Computer Engineerin