Open Research Oklahoma (Oklahoma State Univ.)
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Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) prediction by the RuleFit algorithm using routine lab results
No full textDiabetes is a long-term illness that poses a significant challenge to global healthcare. It is associated with various complications that impact different organs and systems in the body. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) has identified Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) as a significant complication of diabetes, which can result in damage to the retina. In addition to the rapid growth of eye healthcare demands, the existing screening tools and procedures are associated with high costs, prolonged waiting times, and a need for professional healthcare resources. Therefore, this study aims to develop a machine learning predictive model that can utilize routine lab results, enabling more accessible access to DR screening and reducing the burden on specialized ophthalmic services. It provides medical doctors with simple rules to help them accelerate their decision-making. This study demonstrated the RuleFit model to predict diabetic retinopathy using an Electronic Health Records (EHR) dataset. The methodology of this study focused on training a RuleFit model using a dataset obtained by Cerner and then compared it with other models: DT, K-NN, RF, and LR, based on the performance measures of each model, including accuracy, Precision, F1-Score, Recall, and the area under the Receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC). Then the trained models were validated on an unseen dataset obtained from KUMC. We pruned and combined the rules out of the RuleFit model and got four simple combined rules. The combined rules were then validated on Internal and external datasets.The RuleFit model exhibited outstanding performance with an AUC of 0.99, a recall of 0.579, and an impressive F1-score of 0.719. This highlights the ability of the RuleFit model to accurately classify and predict diabetic retinopathy using routine lab results. The combined rules results showed an accuracy range between 69% - 96%. This underscores the effectiveness and reliability of the combined rules in accurately classifying DR samples on both datasets and emphasizes their potential for improving diabetic retinopathy screening and diagnosis. In conclusion, the RuleFit model, along with its integrated combined rules, shows great potential in improving healthcare outcomes and tackling the challenges faced by specialized ophthalmic services
Mycobacteria, metals, and the macrophage
No full textMycobacterium tuberculosis is a facultative intracellular pathogen that thrives inside host macrophages. A key trait of M. tuberculosis is to exploit and manipulate metal cation trafficking inside infected macrophages to ensure survival and replication inside the phagosome. Here, we describe the recent fascinating discoveries that the mammalian immune system responds to infections with M. tuberculosis by overloading the phagosome with copper and zinc, two metals which are essential nutrients in small quantities but are toxic in excess. M. tuberculosis has developed multi-faceted resistance mechanisms to protect itself from metal toxicity including control of uptake, sequestration inside the cell, oxidation, and efflux. The host response to infections combines this metal poisoning strategy with nutritional immunity mechanisms that deprive M. tuberculosis from metals such as iron and manganese to prevent bacterial replication. Both immune mechanisms rely on the translocation of metal transporter proteins to the phagosomal membrane during the maturation process of the phagosome. This review summarizes these recent findings and discusses how metal-targeted approaches might complement existing TB chemotherapeutic regimens with novel anti-infective therapies.Microbiology and Molecular Genetic
Assessing Requirement Rates of Reporting guidelines and study registration in pediatric medical journals
No full textBackground: Adherence to reporting guidelines and clinical trial registration are two methods of improving the quality of clinical research by mitigating biases and improving the transparency of research practices. To our knowledge, there is inadequate coverage on the requirements of reporting guideline adherence and clinical trial registration in pediatric medical journals. For this reason, we aim to investigate the adoption of these requirements in the journals’ instructions for authors in this medical specialty.Methods: Our systematic review assessed the top 100 peer-reviewed clinical pediatric journals that were identified using the 2021 Scopus CiteSource tool. In a masked duplicate fashion, two investigators extracted data from each journal’s “instructions for authors” webpage concerning statements regarding the Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency Of health Research (EQUATOR) Network and/or ICMJE, selected reporting guidelines as outlined by the EQUATOR Network, and clinical trial registration requirements. To eliminate bias, each journal’s editorial board was contacted to confirm which article types are accepted.Results: Of the 100 journals analyzed, 61 did not mention the EQUATOR Network (61/100). The most frequent guidelines reported were CONSORT and PRISMA. Thirty-one journals recommended the use of CONSORT guidelines (31/100), while 22 journals required its use (22/100). Twenty-nine journals recommended the use of PRISMA guidelines (29/100), while 12 journals required it (12/100). The least mentioned guidelines were QUOROM and MOOSE. We found that 91 journals did not mention (91/100) the use of QUOROM, and 93 journals did not mention the use of MOOSE (93/100). Clinical trial registration was recommended in 9 journals (9/100) and required in 49 journals (49/100). Overall, we found that none of the investigated reporting guidelines were reported in more than 50% of our journal sample.Conclusions: The majority of the pediatric journals analyzed scarcely required or recommended reporting guidelines. However, the journals that had a higher frequency of guideline reporting recommendations and requirements had higher rates of mentioning the EQUATOR Network. We recommend that pediatric journals consider enforcing the use of reporting guidelines as this is likely to cause a subsequent improvement in the quality of published results, as well as decrease the incidence of biases
Writing spaces at Oklahoma State University
No full textThis resource focuses on the various processes involved in researching answers to various inquiry questions and building effective arguments within and outside academic contexts. The curriculum takes students through the processes of listening/summarizing, asking questions, characterizing scholarly debates, and entering those debates in order to meaningfully contribute to ongoing conversations
Muscle strength and power imbalances and injury risk in Division I softball athletes
No full textSoftball requires development of lower body strength and power but specific demands may lead to asymmetries. These adaptive imbalances such as quadriceps to hamstrings (H:Q) ratio may impact performance and increase risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, potentially altering an athletes’ career. PURPOSE: To compare body composition and lower body strength, power, and imbalances using Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) body composition scans and isokinetic dynamometry, respectively between softball athletes and matched controls. METHODS: Twenty softball athletes (n=20) were matched with age- (±2yrs) and weight- (±5kg) controls who were physically active ≥3 d/wk. All participants provided voluntary informed consent, filled out physical activity frequency questionnaires, and completed a total body DXA scan to asses total body and regional muscle and fat tissue mass. They then tested their dominant and non-dominant quadriceps and hamstrings strength and power at three different velocities (60, 120, 180 deg/sec). Group comparisons were conducted using a univariate analysis after controlling for individual leg muscle mass, Cohen’s d effect sizes were calculated, and α=0.050. RESULTS: Athletes (20.0±1.7 years old, 163.0±34.1cm, 72.2±7.3kg) and controls (20.2±1.0years old, 166.7±7.5cm, 71.5±7.2kg) were similar for age, height, bodyweight (all p≥0.643), and average resistance training frequency per week (p=0.611; d=0.16). Athletes indicated greater total body and dominant and non-dominant leg lean mass (all p≤0.050; d=0.64-0.75) but were similar for leg fat mass (all p≥0.095; d=0.47-0.53) to controls. Athletes demonstrated greater torque at all speeds for both quadriceps and hamstrings (all p≤0.022; d=0.47-1.32) after correcting for leg lean mass. Quadriceps strength asymmetry was similar (p≥0.992; d=0.00) but power was different (p≤0.038; d=0.65) between groups. Strength and power H:Q ratio were superior in athletes for their dominant leg (all p≤0.050; d=0.61-0.76) but similar in their non-dominant leg (all p≥0.563; d=0.19-0.57) compared to controls although all athletes fell below the optimal ratio percentage of 65% (all ≤51.6%). CONCLUSION: These data suggest sport-related demands superiorly develop lower body strength and power but may elicit asymmetrical imbalances, increasing risk of ACL injury. Findings of this nature provide insight to performance and sports medicine staff on career-impacting injury risk and support assessment of regional, isolated tissue and torque characteristics.Kinesiology, Applied Health and Recreatio
In vivo percutaneous reflectance spectroscopy of fatty liver development in rats suggests that the elevation of the scattering power is an early indicator of hepatic steatosis
No full textThis study assessed whether there was a scattering spectral marker quantifiable by reflectance measurements that could indicate early development of hepatic steatosis in rats for potential applications to pre-procurement organ evaluation. Sixteen rats were fed a methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet and eight rats were fed a normal diet. Direct assessment of the liver parenchyma of rats in vivo was performed by percutaneous reflectance spectroscopy using a single fiber probe at the beginning of diet-intake and arbitrary post-diet-intake times up to 11 weeks to render longitudinal comparison. Histological sampling of the liver over the duration of diet administration was performed on two MCD-diet treated rats and one control rat euthanized after reflectance spectroscopy measurement. The images of hematoxylin/eosin-stained liver specimens were analyzed morphometrically to evaluate the lipid size changes associated with the level of steatosis. The MCD-diet-treated group (n=16) had mild steatosis in seven rats, moderate in three rats, severe in six rats, and no other significant pathology. No control rats (n=8) developed hepatic steatosis. Among the parameters retrieved from per-SfS, only the scattering power (can be either positive or negative) appeared to be statistically different between MCD-treated and control livers. The scattering power for the 16 MCD-diet-treated livers at the time of euthanasia and presenting various levels of steatosis was 0.33±0.21, in comparison to 0.036±0.25 of the eight control livers (p=0.0189). When evaluated at days 12 and 13 combined, the scattering power of the 16 MCD-diet-treated livers was 0.32±0.17, in comparison to 0.10±0.11 of the eight control livers (p=0.0017). All of four MCD-treated livers harvested at days 12 and 13 presented mild steatosis with sub-micron size lipid droplets, even though none of the MCD-treated livers were sonographically remarkable for fatty changes. The elevation of the scattering power may be a valuable marker indicating early hepatic steatosis before the steatosis is sonographically detectable.Electrical and Computer EngineeringVeterinary Clinical Science
Aberdeen breeds comparison
No full textThe Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service periodically issues revisions to its publications. The most current edition is made available. For access to an earlier edition, if available for this title, please contact the Oklahoma State University Library Archives by email at [email protected] or by phone at 405-744-6311
Communication channel preferences of digitally-engaged national swine registry members
No full textUnderstanding membership preferences for communication channels is important to the success of any breed association. Although research has studied beef breed associations, there is a lack of research focusing on swine breed associations and membership perceptions. The purpose of this study was to gauge digitally-engaged National Swine Registry members’ perspectives of the organization’s communication channels and provide the NSR more knowledge about its digitally-engaged members. Specifically, this study sought to determine members’ communication preferences, reasons for following digital media channels, and suggested enhancements for the organization’s current communication channels. A review of literature concluded livestock producers prefer print publications over social media as the primary form of communication from breed associations. The literature also indicated social media has the potential to be beneficial, and the most preferred platform for producers is Facebook. The Uses and Gratifications Theory undergirded this study. Dillman’s Tailored Design Method (2014) guided this study. The questionnaire combined 5-scale Likert-Type, demographic, and open-ended questions to achieve the research objectives. Due to the response rate, the findings from this study are only generalizable to the 85 respondents. Results noted digitally-engaged NSR members found the organization’s communication channels to be useful, appropriate, educational, informative, and engaging. This study aligned with many of the findings concluded from previous literature. The digitally-engaged members’ preferred Facebook as their primary communication channel. This finding contradicted previous research, which found social media to be the least preferred communication channel amongst producers. It is recommended the NSR conduct a digital media audit on all digital platforms and increase educational content across communication channels. Further research with swine breed associations and evaluating swine producers is recommended. Specifically, an evaluation of the remaining NSR communication channels, media platforms, as well as a qualitative study focusing on active members at shows is recommended
Considerations for wineries deciding to ship direct to consumer
No full textThe Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service periodically issues revisions to its publications. The most current edition is made available. For access to an earlier edition, if available for this title, please contact the Oklahoma State University Library Archives by email at [email protected] or by phone at 405-744-6311
Characterization of fentanyl headspace using solid phase microextraction: Effects of sampling height and humidity at fixed volume and temperature
No full textThe rapid increase in illicit manufacturing of fentanyl and deaths due to fentanyl overdoses within the past few years has led to concerns for the safety of individuals unknowingly encountering it. In order to develop safer methods of field detection of fentanyl, understanding and observing fentanyl headspace is important. This study was conducted to determine the best sampling height for detecting fentanyl in fentanyl headspace. The headspace was sampled using solid phase microextraction (SPME) fibers at about 1 cm, 4 cm, 7 cm, and 9 cm from the fentanyl source. The samples were analyzed through manual injection of the SPME fibers on a gas chromatography – mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The relative abundance of fentanyl, 4-anilino-N-phenethyl-piperidine (4-ANPP), N-phenethyl-4-piperidone (NPP), and N-phenylpropanamide (NPPA) on these samples was measured. No 4-ANPP was detected throughout this study. It was determined that sampling at a further distance from the fentanyl source increased the amount of fentanyl and NPP detected, while distance had little effect on NPPA abundance. It was also determined that an increase in humidity increased the amount of fentanyl and NPP detected within the range of 30-45% humidity