Open Research Oklahoma (Oklahoma State Univ.)
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Attitudes in Arabic image macros: An Egyptian meme family analysis
No full textDiscourse analysts have conceptualized image macros, or internet memes, as prototypically structured multimodal constructions. The verbal and visual modes that constitute memes interact in such a way as to create incongruities that trigger the creation of a Discourse Viewpoint Space in which the incongruities can be resolved. Meme makers and viewers can use these multimodal interactions and viewpoint dynamics to conduct attitudinal work. Memes can form families of shared meaning-form bonds and while some scholars have looked at multimodality in Arabic-speech communities, no studies have focused on such meme families in those communities. This study looks at Arabic-language memes to determine if the proposed image macro frameworks are adequate to describe the development of meaning in them. Over a 14-month period, 100 tokens depicting the Turkish social media celebrity Köksal Baba were collected from five Egyptian Instagram meme accounts.Findings indicate that the previous descriptions of memes in terms of top text (TT), bottom text (BT), and background image (BI) fail to fully describe the observed data; instead, the study proposes the image caption meme analytic format (ICMAF) to facilitate fine-grained analysis of meme features. This study describes the generation and alteration of meme formats as a continuous process motivated and constrained by the affordances of the apps used to create the memes. Approaching the data with an indexical understanding of diglossia, the preponderance of Egyptian Colloquial Arabic (ECA) suggests that Instagram memes represent an informal written context in which the L variety is used. The informality of the tokens is indexed by the types of referents verbally invoked and the domains visually accessed. This study also provides a description of Englabric, an emerging and understudied written form of Arabic in Roman characters
β-funaltrexamine effects on lipopolysaccharide-induced behavior deficits and inflammation in mice
No full textInflammation plays a pivotal role in neurological and peripheral disorders. Specifically, inflammation is one of the common factors in diseases such as anxiety, depression, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and many others that have all been linked to inflammatory changes in our central or peripheral systems. Thus, exploring potential treatments geared toward the abatement of inflammation is crucial to the continuation of treatment development. One pharmacological agent researched for its anti-inflammatory effects is β-funaltrexamine (β-FNA), a selective mu-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist. Preclinical studies using in vitro human astroglial cells showed that β-FNA inhibited inflammatory signaling, NF-κB signaling, and chemokine expression in a mechanism unrelated to MOR. Also, the neuroprotective effects of β-FNA were discovered in a preclinical model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation and sickness-like behavior when administered before LPS. This study determines the effects of β-FNA (50 mg/kg, i.p.) on LPS-induced (0.83 mg/kg i.p.) sickness-like behavior using a 10 min open field test and anxiety-like behavior using a 5 min elevated plus maze in male and female C57BL/6J mice. Depending on the study, it also assesses the effects on LPS-induced neuro and peripheral inflammation when β-FNA is administered immediately, 4 h or 10 h post-LPS. Tissue collected included the whole brain, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, cerebellum/brain stem, spleen, liver, small intestine, large intestine, and plasma. Levels of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, CXCL10, CCL2) were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and inflammatory factors (NF-κB-p65, TAK1, p38 MAPK, GFAP) were measured using a western blot analysis. Also, to our knowledge, this is the first time the effects of β-FNA on female mice has been assessed. Differential effects of β-FNA were found between the whole brain vs. brain regions, central vs. peripheral nervous system, inflammatory factors, sexes, and temporal differences. Overall, this study will provide insight into the protection offered by β-FNA in both the central and peripheral systems and provides further exploration into additional therapeutic options for neurological disorders
Gender identity, disability, and unmet healthcare needs among disabled people living in the community in the United States
No full textDisabled adults and transgender people in the United States face multiple compounding and marginalizing forces that result in unmet healthcare needs. Yet, gender identity among disabled people has not been explored, especially beyond binary categories of gender. Using cross-sectional survey data, we explored the rates of disability types and the odds of unmet healthcare needs among transgender people with disabilities compared to cisgender people with disabilities. The rates of disability type were similar between transgender and cisgender participants with two significant differences. Fewer transgender participants identified physical or mobility disability as their main disability compared to cisgender participants (12.31%/8 vs. 27.68/581, p < 0.01), and more transgender participants selected developmental disability as their main disability compared to cisgender participants (13.85%/9 vs. 3.67%/77, p < 0.001). After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, the odds of disabled transgender participants reporting an unmet need were higher for every unmet need except for preventative services.Community Health Sciences, Counseling and Counseling Psycholog
Solar balloon communication and flight augmentation systems
No full textZero-pressure solar balloons, aka heliotropes, have become an attractive platform for atmospheric science and aero-seismology research as they provide a low-cost, long-duration areal platform for stratospheric infrasound research. In many instances, multi-balloon swarms provide a much-needed capability for simultaneous multi-point observations. For example, a single balloon does not provide the full picture for atmospheric gravity wave observations, often requiring multiple launches. Likewise, a single balloon sensor array is also undesirable for infrasound source detection due to the wavelength of infrasound forcing a single balloon array construction to be too large and cumbersome to implement. This is not the case for a muti-balloon array, with each balloon carrying one or two small infrasound microphones, since it is then possible to perform back azimuth event locations on infrasound signals. Back azimuth and source detection utilizing a multi-balloon array strongly depend on the lateral distance between each sensor. Due to variations in balloon and payload construction, the float altitude of these platforms can vary by several kilometers leading to large amounts of lateral drift from each other over the duration of the flight. This lateral drift limits the time from launch that a balloon array can be used to reliably find the back azimuth of a signal. To combat this drift, a solar balloon vent system is being developed and tested along with a LoRa-based communication and control system to minimize the vertical separation of a balloon array and, as a result, reduce the lateral drift between each balloon. This research discusses component design and integration, algorithm development, and system validation over several flights
Which kind of and how much disruption to the symmetry of double-slit is necessary to produce the fringe pattern changes as conjectured to have seemingly manifested psychophysical faculty?
No full textWhether and how consciousness could affect a physical system is a fundamental question. Radin et al (Radin et al 2012, 2013) reported that consciousness could perturb the fringe pattern of the classical experiment of double-slit illuminated by a laser beam. In understanding the possible physical cause to the observed change of the fringe, Radin et al modeled that the light intensity passing a slit subjected to consciousness intention could have changed. By using computer simulation based on standard wave approaches to light, we demonstrate that the extent of the change to the double-slit fringe as reported by Radin et al can be caused by a spectral perturbation to the light, which would take only approximately times of the energy change pertinent to the intensity change as was modeled by Radin et al. This indicates that the intensity change as modeled was unlikely the physical precursor to the observed effect.Identifying the most plausible cause of the fringe pattern changes in the double-slit of psychophysical domain (Radin et al., 2012, 2013) not only is instrumental to the understanding of the nature of psychophysical effects that may manifest but also will shed light on the effecting mechanism of such anomalous faculty should it be quantifiable. We implement computer simulations of double-slit fringe patterns based on the Huygens–Fresnel principle using the primary experimental geometrical parameters of Radin et al. (2013) to assess how an asymmetry of the double-slit configuration could affect the fringe visibility. The main result is that the normalized interference fringe corresponding to an asymmetry of the electrical field magnitude of 3/1 or 1/3:1 as was modeled by Radin et al. (2013) is grossly indifferent from that caused by an asymmetry of the spectral bandwidth of 0.00205 nm between the two slits at 632.8 nm center wavelength. A spectral broadening of 0.00205 nm of the light for the experimental setting utilized by Radin et al. (2013) could correspond to a power change of no more than 10 picowatts. Further studies are warranted to test this hypothesis towards understanding the nature of psychophysical faculty as was conjectured with Radin’s double-slit experiments.Electrical and Computer Engineerin
Nonlinear system discovery and machine learning for dynamical systems
No full textExtracting physics from data has become a crucial task in fields where abundant data is available. However, the underlying governing equations, physical laws, or models based on first principles are unknown. Machine learning methods, particularly neural networks, have been instrumental in accurately estimating observed dynamics through data analysis algorithms. However, neural networks face challenges in model interpretation due to their black-box nature. Deep neural networks are increasingly used for solving classical applied mathematics problems like partial differential equations (PDEs) using machine learning and artificial intelligence. Some PDEs are challenging to solve using traditional numerical methods due to nonlinearities, convection dominance, or shocks. This study focuses on developing advanced machine learning techniques, specifically physics-informed neural networks (PINNs), symbolic regression (SR), system identification of nonlinear dynamical systems (SINDy), and frame invariant convolutional neural networks (FICNN) to address these challenges. These algorithms are evaluated through various applications, including discovering equations, hidden physics, and surrogate or closure models. While the PINNs architectures are designed to incorporate prior knowledge of the underlying physics that govern the system, thereby improving its accuracy and generalizability compared to traditional data-driven approaches, high-performance SR algorithms, on the other hand, facilitate the discovery of tractable analytical functions, addressing the functional expressibility limitation of black-box ML methods. This study introduces an innovative method for simulating the behavior of blunt-body entry vehicles, employing a novel fusion of physics-based modeling (PINN) and advanced domain decomposition-based SR techniques. This study also examines the SINDy approaches to complex, chaotic systems such as the Lorenz 96 model. It focuses on their effectiveness in utilizing nonlinear data to extract comprehensible and widely applicable dynamical systems models or sparse minimalistic models that accurately describe the given data. Furthermore, Galilean invariance in fluid motion laws across different moving reference frames is studied, particularly in solving the 2D Kraichnan turbulence problem and testing it on the 2D vortex merger problem. The study emphasizes using a robust FICNN approach to improve the accuracy and generalizability of data learning-based coarse-grid models, incorporating fundamental physics principles into the neural network's architecture. Our research outcomes demonstrate the capabilities of these methods in mimicking and extracting complex nonlinear physical models solely from data observations with inherent uncertainties or noise. Moreover, they highlight the significance of meticulous feature selection and engineering and the incorporation of prior knowledge about the unknown dynamical system's invariances or the fundamental physical principles governing the system to accurately identify and predict nonlinear models
Managing your ArchivesSpace implementation in a pandemic: radical empathy
No full textIn this session, Bailey Hoffner (University of Oklahoma) and VivianLea Solek (Knights of Columbus Supreme Council Archives) will build on Bailey's popular session at the 2020 AchivesSpace Online Forum which highlighted how she managed an ArchivesSpace implementation during the COVID-19 pandemic, accomplishing what had initially been estimated to be a 2-3 year implementation project in the space of less than year. Bailey will discuss how this was accomplished by "on-boarding" and utilizing staff that wouldn't normally work in ArchivesSpace while they worked from home during a stay-at-home order. After, VivianLea will discuss her experience as a Long Arranger navigating an ArchivesSpace implementation while physically separated from the collections. This discussion will focus on ways managers can set and achieve reasonable goals in ArchivesSpace while extending radical empathy to staff during an unprecedented and difficult time.Librar
Exploring the meaning of grades through the lens of systems theory: A case study
No full textResearch has shown that even though the A-F grading system is widely used in the system of public education, grading practices are inconsistent and are commonly unreliable. One reason for this is that teacher training is inconsistent or ineffective. This qualitative case study seeks to explore the meaning of grades by exploring educators’ grading practices and philosophies at a large, midwestern, suburban high school using the lens of Systems Theory. Study participants included five veteran teachers and two administrators. Data were collected through interviews of the participants, observation, and document analysis
Examining the relationship between health literacy and preventive care use
No full textWe examined the role of health literacy on preventive care among college students and assessed individual health literacy skills from a theory-based multidimensional perspective using both subjective and objective measures. Methods: Participants (n=561) completed our online survey with valid responses. Data collection was conducted from April to June 2020. We assessed participants’ health literacy using different measures, including Health Insurance Literacy Measure (HILM), eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS), All Aspect of Health Literacy Scale (AAHLS), and the Newest Vital Sign (NVS). The first three were subjective measures. The last one was an objective test. Preventive care included annual flu vaccinations, annual routine physical examinations, blood pressure checks, blood tests for cholesterol level, and annual dental checks. We performed logistic and linear regressions to examine the relationships among individual’s preventive care use, health literacy, and other factors including age, education, gender, race/ethnicity, health insurance coverage, and self-rated health status. Age, education, gender, race/ethnicity, health insurance coverage (medical health insurance and dental insurance), and self-rated health status predicted 15.42% of the variance (model R²) in the number of preventive care services received. Higher HILM, eHEALS, and AAHLS scores were significantly associated with a greater number of preventive care services received. The HILM increased the model R² by 2.42%. The eHEALS increased the model R² by 1.20%. The AAHLS increased the model R² by 1.73%. We identified health insurance status, health literacy, self-related health status, age, gender, and race/ethnicity as important predictors of preventive care use.Community Health Sciences, Counseling and Counseling Psycholog
They call for aid: A study of South Korea’s non-deployment of urban search and rescue teams to overseas disasters between 2015 to 2023
No full textThis study investigated the overseas disaster response activities of Korea USAR team. Despite numerous disasters between the 2015 Nepal earthquake and the 2023 earthquakes in Turkey and Syria, no overseas rescue activity has occurred for eight years. This research aims to identify the factors influencing this situation, understand the current status of the USAR team, and propose future operational directions. Research methods include a review of international rescue activity literature, interviews with experienced members, and the use of text mining and content analysis. As a result, internal factors identified include insufficient rapid decision-making, bureaucratic practices, and frequent personnel changes, while external factors include international trends and the enhancement of response capabilities in disaster-vulnerable countries. Suggested improvement measures include strengthening education and training, supporting response capabilities in disaster-vulnerable countries, operating ‘small teams’ capable of rapid and flexible response, and promoting changes in the perceptions of decision-makers and stakeholders. Consequently, it is necessary to adapt to international trends and transform into a form that could effectively respond quickly and appropriately. The importance of various support activities should be recognized. These progressive changes can be achieved through changes in the perception of leaders and stakeholders. This research holds significance in exploring future directions through a reliable analysis of the current problematic situation. Further detailed research on these improvements will lead to more valuable and practical outcomes