Open Research Oklahoma (Oklahoma State Univ.)
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Comorbidities among women presenting to the ED with OB/GYN complaints
No full textBackground: The management of obstetric and gynecological emergencies are focused on the conservation of fertility and sexual function. Common OBGYN emergencies can cause pregnancy complications in the present or future and should be taken into consideration in all women presenting to the emergency department with related complaints. Common comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes and more can precede OBGYN complications that subsequently can lead to pregnancy complications. Our primary objective was to use the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS) to assess the diagnostics and comorbidities among women who utilize the ED for obstetric and gynecologic care. Secondary objectives are to compare demographics and comorbidities among women who are insured versus uninsured, by region, and urbanicity.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis for the 2021 NHAMCS to determine rates of comorbidities among women presenting to the ED for obstetric and gynecologic care. Included in our study are women who presented to the ED for obstetric care identified by ICD-10 diagnostic codes starting with O- and select Z- codes reported within any 5 potential diagnoses each participant could have been given. Individuals who were male, nonpregnant, or pregnant but did not have an OB/GYN-related ICD-10 code were excluded from the study. Data extracted included comorbidities, insurance status, ethnicity, age, region, and urban versus rural areas.Results: Our sample consisted of 446 women aged 16-47. The average age was 27.5 years for women with no comorbidities and 28.8 for women that have a comorbidity. Asthma and Depression were the most common comorbidities reported with 14.35 and 11.59 weighted percentages respectively. Hypertension had a weighted percentage of 8.84%, followed by Substance Abuse or Dependence at 7.56% and Obesity at 7.27%. Any type of Diabetes fell at 5.08%, with all other comorbidities below 1.5%. Of the women included, 40.19% were Non-Hispanic White, 38.42% were Non-Hispanic Black, and 17.34% were Hispanic. There was no statistically significant difference (F (2.61, 221.68) = 1.6530 P = 0.1845) in the presence of comorbidities among ethnicities. Medicaid was the most prevalent insurance reported at 56.35%. However, there was no difference in insurance status and comorbidities (F (4.00, 339.99) = 1.6947 P = 0.1508) present. The Midwest in comparison to the other regions had a higher prevalence of comorbidities (F (2.85, 242.16) = 4.1640 P = 0.0077) present among women. There was no difference in metropolitan versus nonmetropolitan areas and the presence of comorbidities in our sample population.Conclusions: Women presenting to the emergency department with OBGYN complaints are more likely to have Asthma, Depression or Hypertension as a comorbidity. This should be taken into consideration when assessing OBGYN patients in the emergency department and the effects it can have on pregnancy and future fertility of women. The Midwest region had the highest percentage of comorbidities among all the regions. There were no other significant factors having influence on the presence of comorbidities. Further efforts to determine influences on comorbidities in women presenting to the ED with OBGYN complaints should be conducted to properly treat and prevent further pregnancy complications
Assessing educator willingness to implement adaptive STEM education during a NASA Oklahoma Space Grant Consortium Professional Development
No full textThe purpose of this study was to conduct research within the NASA Oklahoma Space Grant Consortium (OKSG) Professional Development (PD) titled “Creating Large Stem Engagement Events for your School or Organization with an Emphasis on Accessibility.” Specifically, the goal was to answer the question: How does immersion in hands-on activities with adaptations for those with special needs affect an educator’s understanding of inclusion and equity within aerospace education endeavors and their willingness to implement such adaptations into aerospace-based curriculum/ STEM engagement events to ensure they are accessible for all learners? This study used a mixed methods approach which combined both quantitative and qualitative data obtained through a written research questionnaire and on-line focus group. Twenty-one public and private educators from the state of Oklahoma who have taught grades Pre-K-12 for a variety of years (ranging from one to 24) in a variety of locations (urban, suburban, and rural) and in a variety of classroom settings (self-contained, single subject, Maker Space/STEM) participated in this study. Within the quantitative data, there was a significant increase in their agreements with statements after the PD versus before the PD concerning accessibility as it pertained to their understanding of how to apply modifications to hands-on STEM activities to make them accessible to all learners, their ability to identify a variety of adaptive tools to use with hands-on STEM activities which allow the activities to be accessible to a variety of students with special needs, having received training in implementing practical modifications within hands-on STEM activities, their comfortableness modifying hands-on STEM activities so that they reach a variety of students with special needs, and their belief that STEM careers are possible for all students. The qualitative data delved into a deeper understanding of the quantitative data by revealing the participants’ awareness of the change in their willingness to implement practical modifications within hands-on STEM/aerospace endeavors for all learners due to an increased understanding of the tools/modifications available which are simple and easy to replicate. This data also revealed that the participants believe these types of PDs should be experienced by all educators and implemented by schools/other organizations for the benefit of all students
MRI-based morphometrics of hand+wrist joint spacing in a patient with juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Get PDFBackground: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a subtype of rheumatic polyarthritis. Pathophysiology of JIA is defined by the abnormal activation of both the cell-mediated and humoral immune response, leading to the degradation of joint synovium, cartilaginous structures, and bone. MRI can be utilized to visualize joint morphology changes from the effects of JIA. The full efficacy of MRI to evaluate bone erosion in the early stages of JIA is unknown; thus, our case report aims to understand this potential.Methods: A 23-year-old Caucasian female with an 11-year history of JIA autonomously participated in our study. We utilized T1 weighted MRI to retrieve images of the patient’s right hand. Software programs Horos and Slicer allowed for analysis and full 3D volume rendering of series coronal and sagittal plane images. Then, bone morphology and distance evaluation between articular surfaces of variable carpal joints were examined. Joints analyzed included radiocarpal, ulnocarpal, and distal radioulnar. Joint spaces between radius-scaphoid, radius-lunate, ulnar-lunate, and ulnar-triquetrum were also measured. Lastly, individual phalangeal joint spaces were captured of digits I-V (metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal, distal interphalangeal). We approximated mean distances by averaging six transects with equivalent spacing between them within each joint.Results: The smallest measurement in both the sagittal and coronal planes was 0.778 mm in the fifth digit DIP joint in the coronal plane, followed by the first digit MCP joint in the sagittal plane at an average spacing of 0.787 mm. Several other spaces measured under 1 millimeter. In the coronal plane, the PIP joint on the third digit measured 0.973 mm, the PIP on the fourth digit 0.839 mm, and the DIP on the fourth digit 0.954 mm. In the sagittal plane, the PIP on the second digit 0.862 mm, the DIP on the third digit 0.993 mm, the DIP on the fourth digit 0.819 mm, the PIP on the fifth digit 0.881 mm, and the DIP on the fifth digit 0.830 mm. The greatest spacing between bones occurred in the coronal view between the ulna and triquetrum bones at 8.831 mm, followed by the ulna and lunate joint space at 5.536 mm. Other carpal bone spacings in the coronal view were 2.727 mm for the radius and scaphoid joint space, 2.478 mm for the radius and lunate joint space, and 2.253 mm for the distal radioulnar joint space.Conclusion: This case demonstrates the potential for routine joint imaging in patients with JIA to monitor for treatment efficacy and changes in morphology secondary to inflammatory processes. Early detection of bone erosion through MRI can determine dosage variability, the type of treatment course, and a better prognosis in preventing further joint damage. Extensive research in inflammatory polyarthritis is currently underway with novel studies focusing more on improving comprehensive treatment for future cases of pediatric rheumatic disease. Further imaging from our ongoing research may provide better insight into the progression of JIA and its transition into other fulminant, inflammatory arthritic conditions
Indian Removal and the Native nations of Northeast Oklahoma
No full textPresently, the Wyandotte, Myaamia, Shawnee, Eastern Shawnee, Modoc, Quapaw, Seneca-Cayuga, Peoria, and Odawa reside within a single Oklahoma county on the border of Missouri, Kansas, and Arkansas. Explaining how these nations, whose roots stretch across the North American continent, came to live within this small geographic area uncovers a large story– one which fundamentally reevaluates the scope and significance of American Indian Removal. Their repeated displacements occurred both well before and long after the passage of the 1830 Indian Removal Act. Importantly, this expansive period of Removal contained within its span previously separate historical topics from the War of 1812, the American Civil War, Reconstruction, Allotment, Termination, Reservations, to Boarding Schools. Beyond temporal adjustments, the narratives of these nine Nations offer a new geographical frame for Removal’s study. Decentering the Mississippi River as a boundary for Removal’s reach, this dissertation travels from California to Ohio, from Michigan to Arkansas detailing a story relevant to the entire country.
Critically, beyond revising the perceived scope of Removal, this project argues for a revised vision of Removal’s significance. As Indigenous peoples and settlers moved across the country, more than their location changed. Caught within simultaneous and multifaceted diasporas, Removal served as a means of entanglement and national genesis. As the United States expelled Native peoples in hopes of constructing their own modern nation, they failed to eliminate Indigenous nationhood. Unexpectedly, Removal often served as a catalyst by which Native nations came together to form new confederacies, separate into independent nations, reconstituting themselves in new places. In each case, the U.S.’s effort to rid themselves of Native peoples produced new legal obligations which further entangled both settler and Native nations. While the saga of Indian Removal was not the origin of these Indigenous nations, it was a nation-building process; one of orogeny. As their location shifted, as the land underneath them moved, new structures emerged. Caught within a system of profound movement and destruction, these communities’ continued presence proves that Native nations were not eliminated by Removal but were profoundly changed by it. Through their survival of this genocidal moment, modern Native nations formed
Report of the Extension Division, Oklahoma A. & M. College Stillwater, Oklahoma, for the year 1918-19
No full textThe Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service periodically issues revisions to its publications. The most current edition is made available. For access to an earlier edition, if available for this title, please contact the Oklahoma State University Library Archives by email at [email protected] or by phone at 405-744-6311
Three essays on consumer preferences for potting mix containing Eastern Redcedar biochar, bias in direct and indirect questioning, and dialectic valuation method for prediction
No full textUnderstanding consumer preferences and accurately predicting their behavior are critical for effective marketing and product development. This dissertation explores three distinct yet interconnected areas to enhance this understanding.
The first chapter examines consumers’ willingness to pay for potting mix containing Eastern Redcedar (ERC) biochar through an online survey. The study finds that limited information leads to a non-significant negative impact on willingness to pay (WTP), while presenting ERC biochar as environmentally friendly increases WTP by 1.63 and $2.42 for mixes with 10% and 20% ERC biochar, respectively. These findings suggest that there is a substantial market potential of potting mix containing biochar.
The second chapter explores investigates whether differences in responses between direct and indirect questioning are due to social desirability bias or perceived self-other differences. The study shows that while social desirability bias affects responses to normative attributes, non-normative attributes reflect perceived self-other differences. These results challenge the assumption that indirect questioning solely mitigates social desirability bias, emphasizing the need for researchers to carefully consider its implications for accurate behavioral predictions and reducing survey biases.
The third chapter addresses challenges in online surveys by introducing a dialectic approach that combines assembling and disassembling approaches. he assembling approach starts with individual attribute values to estimate attribute-bundles, while disassembling infers individual values from attribute-bundles. Prediction accuracy, measured by mean squared error (MSE) in a holdout sample, shows that the dialectic approach outperforms the other two, providing better predictive accuracy and utility parameters at the individual level. This approach also effectively identifies inattentive respondents, highlighting its practical advantages in survey research
Exploring the impact of teacher-created online assessments on learner engagement in middle school math
No full textThe purpose of this qualitative research study is to understand the process used for teacher-created online math assessments and the effect that online math assessments have on student engagement. Data for this qualitative study was collected and analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s (2006) thematic analysis which uses key conceptual foundations in a six-phase process. The study participants were middle school math teachers that taught a minimum of one course that required high-stakes end of year testing. Survey participants were recruited through an online survey. Data collection consisted of single interviews that were analyzed and compared. Data indicated that teachers prioritize the needs of diverse learners when creating online math assessments and when integrating technology to reinforce mathematical strategies. The data also indicated that teachers perceive the design features embedded in online math assessments to significantly influence student engagement. Finally, data indicated that technical issues and limitations pose significant challenges to the effectiveness and engagement of online math assessments
Examining gendered racial microaggressions, health outcomes, and health behaviors for Black women: Using an intersectional framework
No full textBlack women in the U.S. continue to be underrepresented and understudied within psychological and public health research, despite experiencing significant health disparities. Intersectional microaggressions, microaggressions that occur across multiple marginalized identities simultaneously (e.g., gendered racial microaggressions and LGBT-POC microaggressions) have been associated with increased psychological distress and negative healthcare experiences among Black women. As rates of suicide continue to increase among Black girls and women, increased research is needed to understand the interrelationships of intersectional experiences of microaggressions (e.g., gendered-racial microaggressions (GRMS) and LGBT-POC microaggressions), help-seeking behaviors, and health outcomes among Black women which may improve suicide outcomes. This data analysis investigates the cross-sectional relationships between intersectional microaggressions, help-seeking behaviors, attitudes towards seeking medical care, perceived physical health, and suicide ideation (SI) in a cohort of 294 Black women from across the U.S who were recruited via social media to complete an online study questionnaire. Most participants were heterosexual (n = 179, 61.3%) and approximately half of the sample was younger than 45 years of age (n = 155, 52.7%). Two moderated mediations conducted to explore the relationships between the study variables and supplementary analyses were conducted to further understand additional intersectional identities within the sample. Results indicated that there was no significant mediating relationship of help-seeking on the relationship between GRMS and SI nor GRMS and physical health and no significant moderating effect of attitudes towards seeking medical care. Supplementary analyses that sexual minority Black women were almost 2x more likely to report current thoughts of suicide and were less likely to engage in help-seeking behaviors for suicide ideation when compared to heterosexual Black women. Further, results indicated that LGBT-POC microaggressions were significantly associated with suicide ideation among sexual minority Black women. Addressing intersectional experiences of discrimination, particularly among younger Black sexual minority women may serve as an intervention target for reducing SI and symptoms of depression. Additionally, further research is needed to understand multi-level social and structural barriers and facilitators to help-seeking and healthcare utilization as this may improve health outcomes and health behaviors among Black women
Directional fire patterns formed by convection currents in the upper layer of a compartment fire
No full textFire pattern recognition and identification is a fundamental part of fire investigations. In order to avoid unintentional bias, the interpretation of fire patterns should be validated, and their limitations known. This study introduces a fire pattern that has been observed at real-world fire scenes, but not yet documented in fire investigation treatises. The fire pattern had been observed on objects that protrude into the upper layer of a compartment fire. This mixed-methods study consisted of physical experiments, computational fluid dynamics models, and statistical analysis, which were designed to replicate these types of patterns, identify its characteristics, validate its interpretation, and acknowledge its limitations. These directional fire patterns, described as “turbulent flow patterns,” were found to be good indicators of the direction that the products of combustion came from, provided that they are not in an area that an eddy is be expected to form. The study also verifies the presence of convection currents in the upper layer of a compartment fire that are independent of the dominant flow path. The information presented in this study is relevant to fire/arson investigators who use fire patterns to determine the area of origin of a fire. The conclusion section of this study provides recommended practices for fire investigators to identify, assess, document, and interpret turbulent flow patterns
Fibers of projected Richardson varieties
No full textRichardson varieties are a captivating family of varieties indexed by elements of a Weyl group. In algebraic geometry, Richardson varieties offer insights into Intersection Theory, where their fundamental classes describe the multiplication in the Grassmannian’s cohomology ring in terms of the Schubert basis. One of the most intriguing aspects of Richardson varieties is how often the combinatorics of the Weyl group characterize their geometric properties. Let G be a connected semisimple complex linear algebraic group and let P be a parabolic subgroup containing some fixed Borel subgroup B and consider the natural projection map from the flag variety G/B to the partial flag variety G/P. In this thesis, we will develop combinatorics related to this projection, give explicit methods to calculate the dimensions of this map’s fibers, and combinatorially characterize when the restriction of this map to a Richardson variety has equidimensional fibers, as well as offer an efficient means of checking them in special cases. Outside of special case computational algorithms, very few assumptions are made on G. In particular, unless explicitly stated otherwise, the results apply to all finite Lie types