Open Research Oklahoma (Oklahoma State Univ.)
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Clinical perspective on core outcome sets in chronic kidney disease trials: A web-based survey study
No full textIntroduction: Clinical trials are crucial for medical advancements, with Core Outcome Sets (COS) proving to be an important tool for reducing variability and standardizing outcome measurements. Given the high prevalence and severe complications of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), utilizing COS in CKD research can lead to more effective preventative and therapeutic measures. This study aims to understand the adoption of COS within the CKD research community, identify potential barriers and improvements, and provide insights for future strategies to maximize the quality and comparability of CKD trial outcomes.Methods: The participants comprised of clinical trial professionals who have been involved in CKD trials over the past five years. Investigators reached out to participants via email to distribute a comprehensive web-based survey. The survey, conducted via REDCap, will gather demographic information and assess participant familiarity with Core Outcome Sets (COS) in CKD trials. The selection of COS was informed by the Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials (COMET) Initiative database. The survey will be open for responses for a duration of eight weeks, with bi-weekly reminders sent via email to encourage participation. Participants will be required to provide informed consent before commencing the survey.Results: Data is currently in the collection phase of this study. Analysis of survey responses will include: (i) descriptive statistics to summarize patient demographics and responses to close-ended questions, (ii) inferential statistics, such as chi-square tests and t-tests, to identify relationships between variables or differences among subgroups, and (iii) qualitative data, which will undergo thematic analysis to discern recurring themes and patterns.Conclusion: Upon completion of this project, our data will offer insights into how clinical trialists use and comprehend the COS. The knowledge obtained from this research may act as the groundwork for future initiatives and interventions aimed at enhancing the utilization of COS among clinical trialists. These outcomes may promote standardization in clinical COS reporting, ultimately improving patient outcomes with CKD
American illusion of justice: A critical examination of false confessions and compliance
No full textIn Oklahoma, 993 per 100,000 people are incarcerated; this rate is higher than that of any democracy in the world. What these statistics do not communicate are the unique stories of victims and accused, which better illuminate the fallibility of our criminal justice system. Systemic failures from within the system are perhaps best emphasized by wrongful convictions, which the U.S. Supreme Court call “the leading causes of wrongful convictions.” Described as the “leading jailer of its own citizens,” the U.S. unquestionably gravitates towards punishment. The shockingly high rates of incarceration in the United States may be augmented by the induced false confessions that lead to guaranteed convictions. Broadly, I will explicate the psychological approaches of interrogatories used in the United States, particularly those that lend themselves to false confessions. These will be highlighted with a case study, which may provide further context of individual factors and susceptibility.While the difference in interrogation tactics is significant, how these techniques are used– and how they affect the suspect– are more illuminative of why they are an issue. After all, if only authentic confessions were obtained, the tactics would be considered trustworthy and unnecessary to change. Examining a specific false confession case will clarify how certain susceptible groups are at risk. More specifically, I intend to review psychological theories, studies, and frameworks that emphasize the likelihood of compelling vulnerable individuals and groups to confess. Within this, I will analyze how the investigators acquired the confession and how this affects a suspect psychologically (i.e. increased cognitive dissonance). I will begin by examining the known literature concerning false confessions and the frameworks we know that are commonly used which strengthen the likelihood of such a confession occurring. Next, I plan to highlight Tommy Ward and Karl Fontenot's false confessions and analyze their case within the context of compliance and confessions. Finally, I will discuss the broader implications and conclusions to be drawn from the injustices of wrongful incarceration based on false confessions
Insights into innovation: Examining vNOTES in ob/gyn via ClinicalTrials.gov
No full textIntroduction/Objectives: Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (NOTES), introduced in 2004, involves the utilization of natural orifices to allow access to the peritoneal cavity for endoscopic surgery -which more recently has been used via the vagina (vNOTES). Given the novelty of vNOTES, our primary objective was to assess clinical trials that have been conducted using this technique in the field of OB/GYN.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the National Library of Medicine’s Clinical Trial Database to assess the current spectrum of vNOTES clinical trials and their characteristics.Results: We found 21 clinical trials meeting the inclusion criteria -of which only 5 had been completed and only 1 of these reported results. Additionally, only 2 of the trials were registered in the United States.Conclusions: While there is only 1 trial with reported results via clinicaltrials.gov, this study showed fewer postoperative complications than laparoscopic surgery, such as urinary tract infections. The novelty of the technique requires further investigation as well as practice guidelines for its use. Although there are limited trials on vNOTES, it may be beneficial for patients who are candidates for vaginal hysterectomy
Planning for electricity on the farm
No full textThe Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service periodically issues revisions to its publications. The most current edition is made available. For access to an earlier edition, if available for this title, please contact the Oklahoma State University Library Archives by email at [email protected] or by phone at 405-744-6311
LASER pulse simulations on bilayer thin films for optimal high entropy alloy formation
No full textHigh Entropy Alloys (HEAs) are a new class of material where particles are composed of five or more elements in approximately equimolar proportion. One of the ways to form these materials are by layering thin films of pure metallic elements and melting these nanofilms with a laser pulse. In a fraction of a second, laser pulse melts the element layers which coagulate into spherical nanoparticles of mixed composition, cool, and solidify into HEA nanoparticles. An optimal temperature must be achieved during laser irradiation; otherwise, the metals will not form nanoparticles or will be vaporized. The purpose of this research is to determine the optimal thickness and orientation of a bilayer Silver and Cobalt thin film system in order to form nanoparticles containing these two elements in equimolar proportion. This will act as the prototypical studies to expand on HEAs. Because laser irradiation is costly, both in time and material, COMSOL Multiphysics will be used to simulate the laser pulse-induced melting and solidification on Ag-Co thin films. Various combinations of layer thickness and orientation will be simulated under a laser pulse, and the maximum temperature of each film combination will be recorded. R will be used to analyze the data acquired in this study. Using the temperature data, the film combination for optimal nanoparticle creation of an Ag-Co bilayer system will be determined. The results of this research can be used to predict the ideal thickness and orientation of more complicated thin film systems, such as those with more or different elements.Undergraduate Research ScholarMechanical and Aerospace Engineerin
Unconscious belief, unconscious imagination
No full textUnconscious mental states are frequently brought up to explain behaviors that cannot be sufficiently explained merely by conscious mental states. Some theorists have posited unconscious imagination as a distinctive cognitive state, which is purported to explain various phenomena like pretense behaviors and implicit bias. I argue that the arguments for unconscious imagination fail. To posit a distinctive cognitive state, one must establish that it fulfills a distinct functional role. In the case of unconscious imagination, it would have to be similar enough to conscious imagination, while also being different enough from other unconscious states like unconscious beliefs and emotions. First, I argue that the interaction between the important features of unconscious imagination, which are lack of voluntariness and norm of truth, leads to functional outputs not sufficiently similar to conscious imagination. Second, I argue that unconsciously quarantining (keeping track of what is real or imaginary) unconscious imagination from unconscious belief is psychologically implausible. In other words, unconscious imagination cannot retain a distinctive functional role from other unconscious states. Thus, the case for unconscious imagination remains unmotivated
Leprosy, armadillos, and U.S. affiliated Pacific Islanders
No full textNews stories in the United States have highlighted the incidence of autochthonous leprosy transmission in Florida attributed to armadillos. Globally, leprosy is spread by human-to-human transmission, and public health initiatives focus on mitigating exposure and preventative treatment in endemic areas. The U.S. and the Americas are unique in that the native nine-banded armadillos are the only zoonotic reservoir of the M. leprae bacteria known to transmit the bacteria to humans. The longevity of the sub-clinical incubation period of M. leprae creates a significant burden in identifying transmission patterns within populations. Despite the availability of treatment, challenges remain for eliminating the disease.
Genomic testing has provided a definitive link between armadillos and some U.S. cases. Worldwide, Pacific Islanders have the highest proportion of leprosy new case detection. The U.S. has a unique relationship with six nations, the former Pacific Trust Territories or U.S. Affiliated Pacific Islands. These partnerships significantly impact public and leprosy elimination with this group, both on the USAPI and in the U.S., regarding access to healthcare and engagement with World Health Organization Zero Leprosy initiatives.
Zoonotic armadillo transmission does not explain why regional U.S. cases are disproportionately identified in Pacific Islanders. Leprosy is relatively simple to treat clinically in the early stages of disease progression The U.S. and USAPI show high multibacillary (advanced) leprosy diagnosis rates in new case detection. Significant gaps in U.S. public data and a lack of engagement in global partnerships prohibit comprehensive public health planning for this unique disease and disproportionately impacted populations
Effects of heat stress on primiparous cow and calf immune measures
No full textHeat stress is a common problem in beef production which can have major impacts on cow reproductive and immune health. In utero, heat stress has been linked to long-term impacts of reduced birth weight and growth rate. This, combined with impaired passive and cell-mediated immune function in calves, reduces productivity, health, and overall well-being. This study aimed to determine the effect of heat stress on immune phenotype in late gestation of primiparous beef cows and their offspring. Thirty-four primiparous dams and their calves (n = 26 bulls; n = 7 heifers) were used. At calving, colostrum, whole blood, and serum samples were collected. Birth weights were recorded. Temperature and humidity data were collected (Mesonet) for 21 days, 7 days, and 3 days before calving, and the day of parturition (0 days). Thermal Heat Indexes (THI) were calculated from these averages and grouped into 4 heat stress scales: normal (84). In dams, colostrum cortisol tended to be higher among those in the alert category than danger (p = 0.0828) when using 21-day averages. However, colostrum cortisol was higher among cows in the normal category than danger (p = 0.0987) when using 3-day averages. Neutrophil counts (p = 0.064) and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR; p = 0.0742) tended to be higher among those cows in the danger category than normal when using the 0-day value, indicating that the ones in the danger category were more stressed based on these measures. In calves, the NLR of those born to cows in the danger category was higher than normal (p = 0.0417) at 0-day. The neutrophil percentage tended to be higher among those born to cows in the danger category than alert (p = 0.081), while the lymphocyte percentage tended to be lower among those born to cows in the danger category than alert (p = 0.0815) and normal (p = 0.057) at 0-day. It is evident from the immune phenotype of primiparous dams and their calves that there was an increased stress response to higher levels of heat stress closer to the day of parturition.Animal Scienc
Using virtual reality to explore active-military and veterans’ perceptions regarding color, crowding, and time passage in an examination room and a supportive space
No full textColor is an essential design attribute in healthcare environments. Color can have both a positive and negative influence on veterans' cognitive and physiological wellbeing, particularly relative to crowding and time passage. This study aims to address the gap in research regarding the impact of color on veterans' cognitive and physiological wellbeing in examination rooms. Veterans’ Affairs (VA) hospitals typically use color schemes consisting of tan, beige, brown, and cream, but empirical research on the effects of these colors on veterans is limited. The current investigation explores the relationship between advancing and receding color schemes in examination rooms, focusing on veterans' perceptions of crowding and time passage. Using virtual reality (VR) technology, the study examines how advancing and receding color schemes influence veterans' behavior in simulated examination rooms. Participants immerse themselves in VR by visiting two 3D models of examination rooms and respond to survey questions assessing cognitive responses and emotions, while physiological measures such as heart rate are recorded. The anticipated findings include significant differences in emotions, cognitive load, performance, and effort based on the color schemes.Moderate to strong correlations between perceptions of perceived crowding, time passage, and satisfaction with the space were found. These results have important implications for technology application using VR, the Stimulus-Organism-Response framework was utilized to assess veterans’ health and to explore practical applications for healthcare design. By more carefully designing the color schemes of the examination rooms tailored to enhance veterans' health and wellbeing, this research contributes to a better understanding of the relationships between color, crowding, and time passage in healthcare settings for veterans
Improving freeze tolerance in putting green-type bermudagrasses through mowing height adjustments
No full textThe Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service periodically issues revisions to its publications. The most current edition is made available. For access to an earlier edition, if available for this title, please contact the Oklahoma State University Library Archives by email at [email protected] or by phone at 405-744-6311