Open Research Oklahoma (Oklahoma State Univ.)
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Active learning and the mathematics success initiative: A case study
No full textThis study examines the role of productive struggle within the Mathematics Success Initiative framework, focusing on selected higher education mathematics courses. Using a qualitative case study design, the research explores how specific instructors implement the tenet of productive struggle in their active learning strategies and its perceived effects on student learning outcomes. Grounded in a constructivist epistemological perspective, the study involved structured, open-ended interviews with instructors and students, alongside classroom observations, to gather detailed insights into their experiences and perceptions. The findings from these cases suggest that in the observed educational settings, some students felt more empowered to engage with challenging mathematical problems, which may have contributed to the development of critical thinking skills and enhanced academic potential. These observations indicate that productive struggle, as implemented in these classrooms, could foster greater student engagement and resilience in tackling complex concepts. The study also identifies specific ways in which productive struggle might facilitate deeper understanding and retention of mathematical concepts, though these outcomes are context-specific and should not be broadly generalized. The research underscores the potential benefits of integrating productive struggle into active learning practices within the observed settings, emphasizing the importance of creating a supportive classroom environment that encourages perseverance
Approved and recommended method for combating the boll weevil for 1924
No full textThe Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service periodically issues revisions to its publications. The most current edition is made available. For access to an earlier edition, if available for this title, please contact the Oklahoma State University Library Archives by email at [email protected] or by phone at 405-744-6311
Survey of the perceptions, knowledge, and use of core outcome sets in knee and hip osteoarthritis trials: A cross-sectional study
No full textBackground: Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee and hip is a prevalent and financially burdening cause of disability globally. Thus, significant effort towards developing effective clinical practices to manage this disease is warranted. Clinical trials play an integral role in guiding clinical practices, and thus an increase in the number of trials performed. With this increasing number of trials, it is imperative to decrease outcome reporting heterogeneity. Core outcome sets (COS) are used to standardize clinical trial outcomes which serves to increase the comparability of clinical trial results and reduce reporting bias. By gathering our data from clinical researchers themselves, our goal is to gain an understanding into the decision-making behind outcomes used and assess the researchers’ perspectives on the current OA COS.Methods: In a previous investigation, we assessed the alignment of the COS for knee and hip OA. This 20-question survey targets clinical trialists who planned, executed, or analyzed OA trials in years prior. All participants will have informed consent and maintain complete anonymity. The participants' familiarity with COS will determine the survey path they follow. Surveys will be administered to trialists via REDCap (Research Electronic Data Capture), a secure web-based application designed for research data collection. Data analysis may include both descriptive and inferential statistics. Additionally, open-ended questions will be used to obtain qualitative data.Results: Data is currently in the collection phase of this study. Analysis of survey responses will include the following: Descriptive statistics: summarizes patient demographics and responses to close-ended questions; Inferential statistics: examples include chi-square tests and t-tests which may be used to identify relationships between variables or differences among subgroups; Qualitative data: derived from responses to open-ended questions, which will undergo thematic analysis to discern recurring themes and patterns.Conclusions: Upon completion, the collected OA data will give us insight into clinical trialists’ use and knowledge of COS. This research could lay the groundwork to focus on improving the efforts, intervention, and adoption of COS among future clinical trials. Additionally, findings from this experiment may potentially foster consistency in reporting outcome sets, leading to enhanced OA patient outcomes
Credit for Oklahoma farmers
No full textThe Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service periodically issues revisions to its publications. The most current edition is made available. For access to an earlier edition, if available for this title, please contact the Oklahoma State University Library Archives by email at [email protected] or by phone at 405-744-6311
Stripper harvesting of cotton
No full textThe Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service periodically issues revisions to its publications. The most current edition is made available. For access to an earlier edition, if available for this title, please contact the Oklahoma State University Library Archives by email at [email protected] or by phone at 405-744-6311
Investigating changes in redox conditions off the coast of Namibia by using trace metal proxies
No full textCarbon burial in marine sediments is an effective process for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Upwelling brings nutrient-rich deep water to the surface, stimulating primary productivity which in turn contributes to burial of organic carbon in the sediments. One of the most productive upwelling systems in the world is the Benguela Upwelling System (BUS), located in the South Atlantic off the coast of SW Africa which lies within Cape Basin. This system is characterized by warm nutrient-depleted North Atlantic Deep Water that overlies cold nutrient-rich, oxygen-depleted Antarctic waters. In the geologic past, these currents have changed in strength and depth, with changes of the oxygen content (current ventilation) of the deep waters impacting the burial and preservation of organic carbon. In this study, trace metal proxies have been applied to reconstruct redox conditions and examine bottom water oxygen changes in the Cape Basin during the late Quaternary. In addition, to identify trace metals associated with specific mineral phases, scanning electron microscopy was carried out to obtain detailed, high-resolution images of the minerals and organic components within the sediment. The results of this study show strong trace metal enrichments throughout the sediment column with slight variations, except for the Holocene deposits, in the northern basin (Site 1082) and the central basin (Site 1084). The trace metal enrichments at the southern Site 1085 suggest a broad, seasonal oxygen minimum zone that extended south between about 500 and 1000 kyr. Strong changes in the intensity of oxygenation existed within the water column and the bottom waters in BUS during full glacial-interglacial cycles, likely related to a combination of changes in overlying productivity and current ventilation. This study enhances our understanding of how the carbon sink in the South Atlantic Ocean has evolved over time, while also providing valuable insights into its potential impact on a changing climate
Impacts of physiological and socioeconomic parameters on the presence of inflammatory bowel disease
No full textBackground: Inflammatory bowel disease has many predisposing factors. Genetics, lifestyle, socio-economic status may all play a role. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) combines data from interviews and physical examinations from approximately 5000 people each year in the United States. It is an excellent source for acquiring nationally representative data on known inflammatory bowel disease risk factors. By its nature, survey data, such as from NHANES, frequently has missing entries. Multiple imputation provides a statistically robust way to handle missingness. Rather than discarding partially complete entries in a listwise manner, multiple imputation uses a Bayesian model to produce multiple datasets that include uncertainty on the missing data. The datasets are then re-combined to provide a complete dataset with more accurate standard errors than would be obtained by other imputation methods.Methods: We used the R statistical programming language to download and process anonymized NHANES data from the 2009-2010 data acquisition cycle. Several parameters known or suspected to have a bearing on bowel health were analyzed. Multiple imputation was used to handle missingness in the data. Logistic regression was carried out the parameters using the presence of inflammatory bowel disease as the dependent variable.Results: Preliminary results in this study show that individuals with inflammatory bowel disease tend to have a higher C-reactive protein, body mass index, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and A1C. They also tend to have a higher monthly income and smaller family size.Conclusion: It is important to consider the impact of both health parameters and socioeconomic parameters on bowel health. However, the differences between those diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease and those not diagnosed should not be taken as causative. For example, while it could be the case that the lifestyle habits of people with higher monthly income predispose them to develop inflammatory bowel disease, it is also possible that those with higher income are more likely to seek medical care for their symptoms and thus be diagnosed
Breaking up the microbiome players that influence leaf heat tolerance. which microbe can help plants be more tolerant to heat?
No full textTropical forests, the richest biome in biodiversity, are facing rapid climate change and increasing temperatures. As these ecosystems have evolved within a narrow temperature band, they are more vulnerable to significant temperature changes. A critical factor may be leaf heat tolerance (LHT), which values are close to the upper limits in tropical plants.Soil microbiomes could play a role in influencing LHT by improving water and resource uptake and altering signaling pathways important for heat stress management. The soil microbiome itself is susceptible to climate effects, with temperature variations impacting its composition and function. In this study, we investigated the effects of warming and the soil microbiome on LHT. Specifically, we hypothesized that 1) field experimental warming would lead to higher LHT in part due to changes in soil microbiomes and 2) LHT would be modulated by the soil microbiome composition. To test these hypotheses, we combined data from field and shade house experiments. Leaf disk samples from Guarea guidonia seedlings and soil samples were collected from field plots with ambient and warm temperatures in Puerto Rico. In the shade house, seedlings were grown in the soil collected from either the ambient and warm field plots and subjected to four microbiome treatments. Leaf samples and soil samples were collected at the end of the experiment. Heat stress was applied to the leaf samples and chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) was measured at 25, 46, 48, 50, 52, and 54°C. From Fv/Fm values, we calculated four LHT parameters. Fungal DNA was extracted from the soil samples and sequenced using ITS2 primers. In the field, soil inoculum samples from the ambient temperature plot exhibited similar presence of potential fungal pathogens classes, but the warm plot exhibited more presence of the potential beneficial arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi. In the shade house, fungal classes which are most represented by fungal pathogens were mostly abundant in the unaltered treatment. Overall, DNA analyses confirmed that our microbiome treatments worked and that warming influenced soil fungal composition. In the field, Fv/Fm mean values were significantly higher for seedlings from the ambient temperature plot at high-temperature stress. In the shade-house experiment, the soil microbiome influenced Fv/Fm values, particularly in previously warmed soils. Moreover, biotic treatments significantly altered Fv/Fm behavior, showing significant values, after the T50 threshold on the ambient plot; and before it in the warming plot soil sources. Our results suggest that rising temperatures may alter the soil microbiome, impacting seedling resilience to heat stress and changing microbial composition. Soil microbiome variations affecting Fv/Fm highlight its crucial role in managing LHT as temperatures increase. Understanding this role is vital for mitigating the effects of higher temperatures on tropical forests
Trust-Aware Sybil Attack Detection for Resilient Vehicular Communication
No full textConnected autonomous vehicles, or Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs), hold great promise, but concerns persist regarding safety, privacy, and security, particularly in the face of Sybil attacks, where malicious entities falsify neighboring traffic information. Despite advancements in detection techniques, many approaches suffer from processing delays and reliance on broad architecture, posing significant risks in mitigating attack damages. To address these concerns, our research proposes a Trust Aware Sybil Event Recognition (TASER) framework for assessing the integrity of vehicle data in VANETs. This framework evaluates information exchanged within local vehicle clusters, maintaining a cumulative trust metric for each vehicle based on reported data integrity. Suspicious entities failing to meet trust metric thresholds are statistically evaluated, and their legitimacy is challenged using directional antennas to verify their reported GPS locations. We evaluate our framework using the OMNeT++ discrete event simulator, SUMO traffic simulator, and VEINS interface with TraCI API. Our approach reduces attack detection times by up to 66% in urban scenarios, with accuracy varying by no more than 3% across simulations containing up to 30% Sybil nodes and operates without reliance on roadside infrastructure.Computer Scienc
Review of new methods for in situ assessment of the subsurface heat capacity
No full textHeat storage properties can hardly be determined with conventional thermal response tests. New field methods were therefore developed for in situ assessment of thermal diffusivity and heat capacity. The objective of this paper is to review recently developed field methods that can be conducted in either vertical ground heat exchangers or horizontal trenches. The first method consists of reproducing a vertical temperature profile measured in a ground heat exchanger using an empirical formula. The second method is an oscillatory thermal response test made with water circulation in a ground heat exchanger and producing an oscillatory temperature response whose phase and amplitude are affected by the storage of heat in the material surrounding the heat source. The third method relies on a heating cable installed in a horizontal trench and used to inject heat, again with an oscillatory heat injection rate. These new methods can be used in the scope of ground-coupled heat pump projects where there is a need to evaluate the ground thermal diffusivity or heat capacity, for example, to design underground energy storage systems