Open Research Oklahoma (Oklahoma State Univ.)
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Keeping hogs free of parasites
No full textThe Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service periodically issues revisions to its publications. The most current edition is made available. For access to an earlier edition, if available for this title, please contact the Oklahoma State University Library Archives by email at [email protected] or by phone at 405-744-6311
First report of resistance to Qol-fungicides in pathogens causing Cercospora leaf blight of soybean in Oklahoma
No full textThe Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service periodically issues revisions to its publications. The most current edition is made available. For access to an earlier edition, if available for this title, please contact the Oklahoma State University Library Archives by email at [email protected] or by phone at 405-744-6311
Association between food insecurity and diet quality among pregnant adolescents and adolescent mothers in Ghana
No full textObjectives: While adequate nutrition is essential for adolescents to achieve their growth and developmental potential, this need is even more critical among pregnant adolescents because of the negative impacts of inadequate nutrition on the growing young girl and the developing fetus. Food insecurity (FI) is a major global health problem and is likely a determinant of diet quality. However, data on diet quality and FI in this population remains limited. This study aimed to define diet quality and FI prevalence among pregnant adolescents and adolescent mothers in Ghana and examine the association between FI and diet quality.
Methods: The Healthy Adolescent Nutrition in Ghana (HANIG) study was conducted in communities around Cape Coast, Ghana. As part of this community-based cross-sectional study, 422 adolescents aged 12-19 years old, pregnant (n=215) or with a child aged 5 years or less (n=207) were recruited from communities and health centers. FI information from the past month was collected using the Childhood Food Insecurity Experience Scale (CFIES). The Diet Quality Questionnaire (DQQ) described the diet quality indicators: Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women (MDD-W), all five recommended food groups (ALL-5), noncommunicable disease risk and protect (NCD-Risk and NCD-Protect), and Global Dietary Recommendations (GDR). Multiple logistic regression and multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the association between FI and the diet indicators
Results: Most participants reported FI, including 90.3% of mothers and 84.1% of pregnant adolescents. Overall, more than half participants met MDD-W (56.2%) and about a quarter met ALL-5 (23.2%). FI was associated with 60.7% greater odds of not meeting MDD-W (AOR= 0.393; 95% CI (0.20, 0.76); p=0.0057), a 0.64 decrease in NCD-Protect scores (β = -0.64, p =0.0042), and a 0.77 decrease in NCD-Risk scores (β = -0.77, p = 0.0032).
Conclusions: FI is highly prevalent among pregnant adolescents and adolescent mothers in Ghana, and many are not reaching adequate diet diversity. Food insecurity was negatively associated with MDD-W, NCD-Protect, and NCD-Risk scores. Interventions to increase food security among this population are needed to address the high rates identified along with low dietary diversity
Detrital zircon geochronology, provenance, and reservoir properties of the upper and lower Morrow sandstones, Anadarko Basin, U.S.A.
No full textDeposition during Pennsylvanian Morrowan time (323.3 Mya to 298.9 Mya) was influenced by both regional tectonics and eustatic sea level changes. In the Midcontinent region, Morrowan deposition was dominantly siliciclastic, resulting in shale and sandstone, with lesser amounts of conglomerate. This study presents 570 new detrital zircon U-Pb absolute radiometric dates and 62 new eHf(t) measurements for the Morrowan sandstone from wells drilled on the northern shelf of the Anadarko basin in Oklahoma and southwestern Kansas, respectively. Analyses herein refines provenance and evolution of source areas during Morrowan time, improves our understanding of the relationship between provenance, detrital composition and sediment distribution, and allows inferences about the relationship between Morrowan dispersal systems and reservoir distribution. The U-Pb radioactive dates of the ablated zircons indicate the lower Morrow and upper Morrow detrital grains are strikingly different, representing distinct populations and different provenances, and supports the extension of a NE-SW transcontinental sediment dispersal system to the southern Midcontinent during Morrowan time. Calculations from the three measured Pb-U isotopic ratios: ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U, ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb, and ²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U indicate the lower Morrow sandstone in Woodward County, Oklahoma has a more varied set of potential sources for detrital zircons including dominant Grenville and Paleozoic Appalachian, moderate Paleoproterozoic Yavapai-Mazatzal and Mesoproterozoic Granite-Rhyolite Terranes and minor age peaks and sources in Superior and Wyoming cratons and the Trans-Hudson and Penokean orogenic belts provenances. In contrast, the age distribution for detrital zircons in the upper Morrow sandstone from Morton County, Kansas is restricted to two relatively narrow intervals that indicate only two major sources: Granite-Rhyolite terranes, and Yavapai-Mazatzal/Central Plains province. Lower Morrow sandstones are more quartz dominated, plot mostly as quartz arenites and sublitharenites, and contain detrital limestone fragments, suggesting marine influence. Upper Morrow sandstones contain abundant granitic rock fragments and feldspars and plot mostly litharenites and sublitharenites, suggesting a strong fluvial influence and an important inland granitic sediment source
Rates of adolescent suicidal ideation in self-reported AI/AN race: A cross sectional analysis of the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System
No full textBackground: Suicide is among the leading causes of death among children in the United States, ranking second among ages 10-14 and third among those 15-24. Non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) individuals are disproportionately impacted by suicide with a reported 28.1 out of 100,000 individuals dying from suicide. In an examination of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among adolescent students aged 12-19 in the Minnesota Student Survey, individuals reported as AI/AN demonstrate elevated rates compared to other ethnic groups.1 While current statistics indicate that the suicide rate is highest among non-Hispanic AI/AN, actual rates of suicide and suicidal ideation may vary due to the number of AI/AN individuals who are classified as multiracial. Thus, our primary objective was to compare the rates of suicidal ideation among adolescents using the calculated raceeth variable in the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) to self-reported ethnoracial identity.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the 2021 YRBSS survey to determine rates of suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts between AI/AN adolescents using the raceeth variable and self-reported ethnoracial categories that include AI/AN alone and in combination with other races -with and without Hispanic/Latino ethnicity (HL). We reported the sample rates and the population-weighted percentages using sampling weights and survey design provided by YRBSS.Results: The population-weighted percentage of suicidal ideation for the AI/AN category of the raceeth variable was 27.3% and for suicide attempts was 21.85% -which corresponded to only those who self-reported as AI/AN alone (non-HL). Among other self-reported groups, those who only selected AI/AN race, but reported HL ethnicity, had rates of ideation and attempts of 25.1% and 22.13% respectively. While these groupings were similar, self-selected ethnoracial combinations with much higher percentages of suicidal ideation were AI/AN + White (HL) at 42.3%, AI/AN + Black or African American (non-HL) at 33.3%, and AI/AN + Black or African American + White (non-HL) at 41.05%. For suicide attempts, groups with the highest rates included self-reported as AI/AN + Black or African American + White (non-HL) at 43.6% and AI/AN + White (HL) at 32.43%.Discussion: While the raceeth variable within YRBSS is in line with other national estimates of suicidality among AI/AN, our study demonstrates that those estimates are likely missing key segments of the AI/AN community. We found that rates of both suicidal ideation and attempts are much higher among adolescents reporting as AI/AN in combination with White with HL ethnicity and among who reported as non-HL, AI/AN in combination with Black or African American and White -both groups having rates 12-21% higher than AI/AN alone (non-HL) from the raceeth variable. Our study highlights the need for healthcare workers focused in pediatrics, family medicine, and psychiatry to be aware of these disparities, as well as the need for more public health research with an expanded view of Indigenous identity
Acquiring both the slow-decay kinetics of delayed photoluminescence and the steady-state spontaneous ultraweak photon-emission using irradiation-acquisition interleaved time-integrated imaging
No full textElectrical and Computer Engineerin
Horticultural food budget
No full textThe Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service periodically issues revisions to its publications. The most current edition is made available. For access to an earlier edition, if available for this title, please contact the Oklahoma State University Library Archives by email at [email protected] or by phone at 405-744-6311
Discontinuous Galerkin Immersed Finite Element with hanging nodes for elliptic interface problems
No full textThis thesis presents two distinct projects that delve into Finite Element Methods(FEM), including Immersed Finite Element Method (IFEM), Partial Penalized Immersed Finite Element Method (PPIFEM), and adaptive Discontinuous-Galerkin IFEM (DGIFEM) with hanging nodes.
In project 1, we introduce a new approach to numerically solve the 2D elliptic boundary value problem on an arbitrary domain. The idea is to convert BVP on an arbitrary domain to an interface problem (IP) on a rectangular domain. The advantage of this approach is avoid the time-consuming mesh generation procedure for complex 2D shape. Then, we solve the interface problem using IFEM and PPIFEM. In addition, we compare the numerical performance of our new methods with the traditional FEM solution.
In project 2, we employ adaptive discontinuous Galerkin IFEM with hanging nodes to solve the two-dimensional elliptic interface problem. This method leverages the strengths of adaptive mesh and the DG scheme for solving IP. The main idea of the method is to treat the triangular mesh with hanging nodes as a conforming polygonal mesh. Then, we explain the technique of mesh refinement for hanging nodes on the element. Finally, we conduct various experiments to solve IPs with moderate and high jumps condition
Application of Gaussian curvature as a parameter in geometric induced rigidity of thin-walled structures
No full textResearch labs and senior design projects at Oklahoma State University that focus on the design and manufacture of composite unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) currently do not have a tool to analyze the stiffness effects that are coupled with the presence of compound curvature. In place of analysis, hobbyist rules of thumb, along with previously manufactured designs, are currently used as a basis to determine locations where curvature will provide sufficient stiffness. This method is used to justify the design decision of withholding core material in those areas. This thesis presents the concept of Gaussian curvature as a parameter of geometric induced rigidity to be utilized as a quantitative approach of determining the increased stiffness in locations of compound curvature. Solidworks Finite Element Analysis (FEA) Simulations were utilized to investigate various shell structures. In addition to these simulations, physical experimentation was conducted on fiber-reinforced composite shells. This research revealed an eight to ten-fold increase in stiffness for structures possessing a maximum Gaussian curvature of 0.2. This was in comparison to specimens of identical material properties, but with a Gaussian curvature of 0.01. This eight to ten-fold stiffness increase can also be seen at lower Gaussian curvatures of 0.1 when comparing stiffness along the surface of a continuous geometry. Hemispheroid and toroidal geometries were chosen to represent the nose cone region and the leading edge of a wing respectively to provide the most insight into the practical application of the design and manufacture UAVs. A qualitative agreement of the displacement versus Gaussian curvature data was observed across all geometries, unit systems, and materials tested both in the simulation space and in physical experimentation. These findings can be applied to the design and manufacture of composite UAVs through the utilization of MeshLab software. The MeshLab application allows for color mapping of Gaussian curvature values over the surface of uploaded STL files. This color mapping provides insight on the regions of high Gaussian curvature where core material could possibly be removed safely. Utilization of MeshLab in conjunction with the quantitative data will allow for a more in-depth design in regions of compound curvature
An algebraic determination of closed orientable 3-manifolds
No full textAssociated with each polyhedral simple closed curve j in a closed, orientable 3-manifold M is the fundamental group of the complement of j in M, π₁(M — j). The set, K(M), of knot groups of M is the set of groups π₁(M — j) as j ranges over all polyhedral simple closed curves inM. We prove that two closed, orientable 3-manifolds M and N are homeomorphic if and only if K(M) = K(N). We refine the set of knot groups to a subset F(M) of fibered knot groups of M and modify the above proof to show that two closed, orientable 3-manifolds M and N are homeomorphic if and only if F(M) = F(N).Mathematic