OSU Journals (Oklahoma State University)
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Time and Cost to Complete Instrument Training Based on Flight Block Times
Get PDFThe optimization of flight training operations at higher educational aviation institutions can be helpful in increasing the efficiency at which student pilots attain their certification and help supply more pilots into the industry. Large training institutions usually offer students certain blocks of time to conduct their training. At these schools, the Instrument course is usually administered during daytime or nighttime flight blocks. The purpose of this research study was to analyze if there was a significant difference in the overall cost to complete the Instrument course during the day compared to at night. One independent sample t-test was conducted; the parameters selected were Two-Tail, with a sample size of 128. Archival data records of higher educational aviation institutions were analyzed, and the results show that it costs, on average, around $1,100 less to complete the Instrument course in night flight blocks compared to day flight blocks. This research paper demonstrated how flight block times can significantly impact the cost of completing the Instrument course at aviation universities and highlighted factors that led to these results
Enhancing Insight into Air Traffic Controller Fatigue: A Dynamic Quantitative Examination through Biological Rhythms
Get PDFTo scientifically and effectively predict fatigue risk among air traffic controllers, the authors developed a dynamic evaluation model tailored to the routine activities of traffic controllers. By considering biorhythms and workload, we identified causes of fatigue and quantitatively analyzed their impact. Our study involved 24-hour sleep deprivation experiments, collecting electroencephalogram (EEG) data to track fatigue over time. Expert scoring determined workload coefficients for different periods and positions. Using experimental data, we established and validated a mathematical model for dynamic fatigue risk assessment during various work periods. Results align with controllers' actual fatigue levels and self-assessment scores, indicating the proposed method's effectiveness in early fatigue detection and ensuring aviation safety
Undergradute Student Article: Teachers’ Observations of Adolescent Social Behavior Patterns in Rural Oklahoma Following the COVID-19 Pandemic
Get PDFThe COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 changed the lives of many individuals throughout the United States and the world. This study hypothesized that the increased use of digital media following the COVID-19 pandemic impacted adolescent socialization patterns. The sample included 26 fifth through twelfth grade rural public-school teachers in Oklahoma, recruited via email. This mixed methods study used an explanatory sequential design with a quantitative online survey followed by an optional qualitative interview. The quantitative survey employed Likert scales, yes/no questions, ratings, and open-ended questions to gather data about adolescent behavior both before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. An optional online interview gathered qualitative data using structured and follow-up open-ended questions. Findings indicated that adolescent socialization patterns have changed, and adolescents are more reliant on digital media as a tool for socialization. Additionally, the data indicated increased anxiety levels in adolescents following the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as other unexpected results. Although adolescent socialization patterns did seem to be impacted, increased anxiety levels in adolescents following the COVID-19 pandemic could indicate adverse effects in areas not explored in this study
Sexual Reproduction of Kudzu (Pueraria montana [Lour.] Merr.) in Oklahoma
Get PDFNon-native invasive plants pose major threats to biodiversity across the globe. In the southeastern United States, kudzu (Pueraria montana [Lour.] Merr.) was introduced as a flowering, ornamental vine. In many areas, it quickly escaped cultivation and has caused major disruption to native ecosystems. Over the past two decades, kudzu has gradually spread north and west, being found as far north as Illinois and Indiana, and as far west as Kansas and Oklahoma. Only recently has the species distribution been thoroughly assessed in Oklahoma, and these studies have found its statewide range to be more extensive than previously thought. As a result of the species being understudied in the region, the reproductive ecology of kudzu in Oklahoma has gone largely unexamined. Our research provides evidence of sexual reproduction at two sites in southeastern Oklahoma. This is the first documentation of germination of kudzu in Oklahoma. While kudzu reproduces primarily through rhizomatous vegetative growth, the production of viable seeds is essential to the maintenance of genetic diversity and is often important at range limits. This research, coupled with further plant demographic research, could provide key details surrounding the potential further spread of kudzu in Oklahoma
Measuring Changes in Phenology of Oklahoma Asteraceae Using Herbarium Specimens
Get PDFAnalyzing shifts in plant flowering times (flowering phenology) in response to changing climate is crucial to understanding the impacts of climate change on plants. Herbaria contain the physical record of reproductive events from past seasons, making them an important source of long-term data for studies of phenology. We measured changes in flowering phenology of four Oklahoma native plants in the Asteraceae (sunflower) family: Grindelia ciliata, Liatris punctata, Ratibida columnifera, and Vernonia baldwinii. These species were selected to represent the morphological and phylogenetic diversity of the Asteraceae in Oklahoma and were represented in the Robert Bebb Herbarium (OKL) with over 100 specimens each. We created novel protocols for scoring the flowering phenology of these species into numeric categories, called phenophases. We looked for correlations between the collection date and both the year of collection and the temperature in that year. There was a significant relationship between collection date and year only in peak flowering specimens of G. ciliata. There was a significant relationship between statewide annual temperature and collection date only in peak flowering specimens of V. baldwinii. There was a significant relationship between the annual temperature of the climate division of the state where the plants were collected and collection date for peak flowering in G. ciliata, R. columnifera, and V. baldwinii, for first flowers in V. baldwinii, and for last flowers in L. punctata. More precise temperature data thus lead to an improvement of the model, but in all cases temperature or year explained relatively little of the total variation in flowering time
Analysis of a Plant’s Response to Climate Change Factors Through the Use of Herbarium Records: Collinsia violacea Nutt. (Plantaginaceae)
Get PDFClimate change has resulted in various changes to the phenology of species, and some of these changes have been documented through the use of herbarium specimens. Understanding how plants react to changes in the environment can give scientists insight into how plants have been responding and will respond to the continuing consequences of climate change as well as how to approach biodiversity conservation. In this study, herbarium records of Collinsia violacea Nutt. ranging from 1895 to 2014 were utilized to show the trends of the first and peak flowering dates with regard to various geographic and climatic variables using regression analysis. The results from simple linear regression analyses showed a trend of the flowering times for first and peak flowering dates occurring earlier over the years; however, the relationship was not significant. The multiple linear regression full model for first flowering indicated increases in latitude, longitude, and mean monthly temperatures were associated with delayed flowering while increases in monthly minimum and maximum temperatures were associated with earlier flowering. The full model for peak flowering showed that peak flowering was delayed with increases in latitude, longitude, and maximum monthly temperature. The reduced models, with highly correlated variables removed, indicated significant delays in first flowering and peak flowering with increases in latitude, longitude, and mean monthly temperature, but no significant relationship between monthly precipitation and flowering time. Further research is needed to fully understand the implications of these changes
