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Exploring dental faculty perceptions of current strategies and barriers to retention
No full textPurpose: The aims of the study were to identify perceived strategies for and barriers to faculty retention and examine differences regarding age, gender, and race. Methods: Cross-sectional data was captured from the eight author-affiliated dental schools. A Qualtrics survey was emailed to all faculty members at these institutions (1467 possible participants) between November 2021 and February 2022. The survey was formulated from best practices listed in the American Dental Education Association Faculty Diversity Toolkit. It consisted of 18 questions, including demographic information and faculty perceptions of their respective workplaces. These responses were then evaluated with descriptive statistics, Chi-squared analysis, Pearson Correlation, and Fleiss’ kappa. Results: The survey\u27s response rate was 19.2%. There was no significant difference in perceived retention strategies across race, age, gender, practice tenure, practice type, or clinical versus tenure track. The top four barriers identified were inadequate financial compensation, workload, poor work environment, and burnout. There was a significant difference between racial groups and their perceived barrier of support for promotion (p = 0.048). This was more prevalent among clinical faculty (47.7%) than tenure track faculty (16.2%). The work environment was listed as a leading factor for both promoting retention and encouraging the exodus of faculty members. Conclusion: Strategies aimed at improving financial compensation, career recognition, and transparency of the promotion process, along with those aimed at improving the work environment were shown to be vital to retaining faculty. Though the low response rate is a study limitation, these findings provide valuable information and a framework for future studies regarding dental faculty recruitment and retention
Primary Care Occupational Therapy: A Quick Reference Guide
No full textHealthcare is shifting towards a holistic, whole person approach to improve population health, decrease cost of care, and improve patient, and provider experiences. To achieve this, the primary care sector is adopting an integrated, interprofessional care team model which addresses both biomedical and behavioral health, and includes preventative care, population health management, technology, and innovative strategies to increase access to care. Occupational therapy (OT) is uniquely positioned to add their distinct whole person mental/behavioral health and medical care scope and skill to these teams to address patient needs. As this is an emerging practice area for OT, and no guidelines specific to primary care exist, this book will be a first of its kind text for occupational therapy practitioners (OTP) in primary care settings. As OTPs work with habits, roles, and routines that affect health, OT in primary care promotes health and improves patient self-management of medical conditions and lifestyles, reducing patient dependence on costly health care services. This timely clinical manual guides best practices for primary care OT. It helps OTPs fit into the quick paced primary care practice model. In traditional OT settings, intervention sessions are longer, and focus on acute rehabilitation or mental/behavioral health conditions. In primary care, visits are brief, and address patient needs in the context of their presenting issue. No other published guide meets the unique needs of this emerging practice area. Authors provide administrative information specific to OT in primary care, and interventions for specific health conditions, including chronic conditions, common to this setting. Written by experts in the field, Primary Care Occupational Therapy is the definitive resource for all primary care OTPs or those interested in lifestyle-based interventions for conditions frequently seen in primary care. It is also a useful guide for behavioral health care providers and administrators of general medical practices
A student-driven mindfulness curriculum for first-year osteopathic medical students: a pilot study
No full textContext: Medical education is stressful and can adversely affect the health and well-being of students. Although mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have been successfully utilized in other settings, little is known about the use of student-led interventions in undergraduate medical education. Objectives: The objectives of this study are to assess student satisfaction with four student-selected and student-led mindfulness activities incorporated into mandatory small-group sessions, the immediate impact of these activities on student stress levels, and student use of these activities outside the mindfulness sessions. Methods: First-year osteopathic medical students voluntarily participated in weekly student-selected and student-led mindfulness activities once a week for 8 consecutive weeks during regularly scheduled class time. Activities included yoga postures, the 4-7-8 breathing technique, progressive muscle relaxation (PMR), and values affirmation. Each activity was completed twice during the 8 weeks. After each session, students could anonymously complete an electronic survey assessing participation, change in stress level, satisfaction with the activity, and mindfulness activities practiced outside the session. Survey questions included dichotomous, Likert-like, and multiple-choice responses. A chi-square test was utilized to analyze student responses from each week about the decrease in stress level, and satisfaction with the mindfulness activity, and student use of the activities outside the classroom. Wilcoxon rank sum tests were utilized to determine associations between outcomes, and a logistic regression model was utilized to determine relationships between the change in stress levels and other outcomes. Results: Of the 154 first-year medical students initially enrolled in the 2021-2022 academic year, 14 (9.1 %) to 94 (61.0 %) actively participated in the weekly mindfulness activities. Students indicated that the 4-7-8 breathing technique was the activity most practiced outside the mindfulness sessions (32.3 %, 43/133 total responses) across all weeks. The mindfulness activity with the highest percentage of reported decrease in stress level was the yoga postures in week 5 (94.8 %, 36/38), and both weeks of the yoga activities had the highest reported student satisfaction (95.7 %, 90/94 for week 1; 92.1 %, 35/38 for week 5). For students who answered the change in stress level question, the stress level decrease was related to participation in the weekly activity for weeks 1 through 7 (all p\u3c0.03). For students who participated in mindfulness sessions, the odds of reporting a reduction in the stress level were 16.6 times (95 % CI, 6.8-47.2; p\u3c0.001) that of students who did not participate. For those satisfied with the activities, the odds of reporting a reduction in stress level were 6.7 (95 % CI, 3.3-13.9; p\u3c0.001). Conclusions: Results suggested that the student-selected and student-led mindfulness activities may successfully reduce medical student stress in students who actively participate. However, additional research is needed to determine how to optimize mindfulness curricula implementation
Effects of a focused training on first-year osteopathic medical students\u27 ability to incorporate point-of-care ultrasound in assessment of the anterior knee
No full textContext: Patients frequently present to the outpatient clinic, urgent care, or emergency department with a painful, swollen knee. Differentiating the underlying etiology can be a challenge for both medical students and seasoned clinicians alike. Because this scenario can represent a time-sensitive emergency, developing skills to diagnose the underlying cause quickly and accurately is essential for proper management, whether the patient would benefit from osteopathic manipulation, prompt administration of antibiotics, or a more invasive procedure like joint aspiration or surgery. Objectives: The objectives are to determine the effects of a focused ultrasound training on first-year osteopathic medical students\u27 ability to identify normal sonographic anatomy of the anterior knee and to differentiate between three common pathologies: joint effusion, prepatellar bursitis, and cellulitis. Methods: First-year osteopathic medical students voluntarily participated in this cross-sectional study. The study protocol included a focused ultrasound training (online materials, brief didactic and single hands-on sessions) followed by a hands-on assessment. A written test and 5-point Likert scale questionnaire were administered before and after the focused training. Nine weeks later, students completed a follow-up written test. The proportion of students who correctly identified common pathologies on written tests before (pretest) and after (posttest) training and on the follow-up written test were compared utilizing the Fisher\u27s exact test. A t test was utilized to compare data from the pretraining and posttraining questionnaires. Results: Of 101 students completing the written pretest and pretraining questionnaire, 95 (94.1 %) completed the written posttest and posttraining questionnaire, and 84 (83.2 %) completed the follow-up written test. Students had limited previous experience with ultrasound; 90 (89.1 %) students had performed six or fewer ultrasound examinations before the focused ultrasound training. On written tests, students accurately identified joint effusion (22.8 % [23/101] pretest, 65.3 % [62/95] posttest, 33.3 % [28/84] follow-up test), prepatellar bursitis (14.9 % [15/101] pretest, 46.3 % [44/95] posttest, 36.9 % [31/84] follow-up test), and cellulitis (38.6 % [39/101] pretest, 90.5 % [86/95] posttest, 73.8 % [62/84] follow-up test). Differences were found between pretest and posttest for identification of all three pathologies (all p\u3c0.001) and between the pretest and 9-week follow-up test for identification of prepatellar bursitis and cellulitis (both p≤0.001). For questionnaires, (where 1=strongly agree, 5=strongly disagree), the mean (standard deviation [SD]) confidence for correctly identifying normal sonographic anatomy of the anterior knee was 3.50 (1.01) at pretraining and 1.59 (0.72) at posttraining. Student confidence in the ability to differentiate joint effusion, prepatellar bursitis, and cellulitis utilizing ultrasound increased from 4.33 (0.78) at pretraining to 1.99 (0.78) at posttraining. For the hands-on assessment, 78.3 % (595 correct/760 aggregated responses) of the time students correctly identified specific sonographic landmarks of the anterior knee. When the evaluation combined real-time scanning with a prerecorded sonographic video clip of the anterior knee, 71.4 % (20/28) accurately identified joint effusion, 60.9 % (14/23) correctly diagnosed prepatellar bursitis, 93.3 % (28/30) recognized cellulitis, and 47.1 % (8/17) diagnosed the normal knee. Conclusions: Our focused training was effective at immediately increasing basic knowledge, as well as confidence of first-year osteopathic medical students when assessing the anterior knee with point-of-care ultrasound. However, spaced repetition and deliberate practice may be useful for learning retention
Natural Bioactive Epigallocatechin-Gallate Promote Bond Strength and Differentiation of Odontoblast-like Cells
No full textThe (-)-Epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG) metabolite is a natural polyphenol derived from green tea and is associated with antioxidant, biocompatible, and anti-inflammatory effects. Objective: To evaluate the effects of EGCG to promote the odontoblast-like cells differentiated from human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs); the antimicrobial effects on Escherichia coli, Streptococcus mutans, and Staphylococcus aureus; and improve the adhesion on enamel and dentin by shear bond strength (SBS) and the adhesive remnant index (ARI). Material and methods: hDSPCs were isolated from pulp tissue and immunologically characterized. EEGC dose-response viability was calculated by MTT assay. Odontoblast-like cells were differentiated from hDPSCs and tested for mineral deposition activity by alizarin red, Von Kossa, and collagen/vimentin staining. Antimicrobial assays were performed in the microdilution test. Demineralization of enamel and dentin in teeth was performed, and the adhesion was conducted by incorporating EGCG in an adhesive system and testing with SBS-ARI. The data were analyzed with normalized Shapiro–Wilks test and ANOVA post hoc Tukey test. Results: The hDPSCs were positive to CD105, CD90, and vimentin and negative to CD34. EGCG (3.12 µg/mL) accelerated the differentiation of odontoblast-like cells. Streptococcus mutans exhibited the highest susceptibility \u3c Staphylococcus aureus \u3c Escherichia coli. EGCG increased (p \u3c 0.05) the dentin adhesion, and cohesive failure was the most frequent. Conclusion: (-)-Epigallocatechin-gallate is nontoxic, promotes differentiation into odontoblast-like cells, possesses an antibacterial effect, and increases dentin adhesion
Nonextraction Orthodontic Treatment of Severely Impacted Maxillary Canines through Transalveolar Transplantation in a 10-Year-Old Patient: A Case Report with a 6-Year Follow-Up Period
No full textObjective: This case report describes the interdisciplinary treatment of a 10-year-old girl with asymmetric Class III malocclusion, severe maxillary crowding, and bilaterally impacted maxillary canines. Clinical considerations: The clinical decision-making factors regarding treatment alternatives and the final treatment plan are discussed. A two-phase nonextraction therapy was implemented to relieve severe crowding, eliminate the maxillary canine impactions, and compensate for skeletal Class III malocclusion. The first treatment phase involved aligning the left canine through conventional orthodontic traction, while the more deeply horizontally impacted right canine was corrected through transalveolar transplantation. In the second phase, the Class III dental relationship was corrected through mandibular molar retraction. The effective use of various temporary skeletal anchorage devices such as modified c-palatal plates and mini-implants was illustrated. Conclusions: At the end of the treatment, esthetic dental alignment was achieved, along with improved facial balance. The transplanted maxillary right canine showed good health and a favorable long-term prognosis over six years after the procedure
Correction to: Nonsurgical Correction of Anterior Crossbite with Extra-Radicular Miniscrews—A Case Report (Applied Sciences, (2022), 12, 22, (11719), 10.3390/app122211719)
No full textIn the original publication [1], there was a mistake in Table 2 as published. Table 2 appeared the same as Table 1. The corrected Table 2 appears below. There was an error in the original publication. The number after L1-MP, “116.0°” need to be corrected. A correction has been made to Section 3.1, Paragraph 3, Lines 5–6: The maxillary incisors showed normal inclination, while the mandibular incisors were proclined (U1-SN, 105.7°; L1-MP, 82.0°) (Figure 10, Table 2). The authors state that the scientific conclusions are unaffected. This correction was approved by the Academic Editor. The original publication has al-so been updated
Anchor-Lock System Double-Y for Post-SARPE Retention and Simultaneous Molar Distalization
No full textAn adequate maxillary transverse dimension is a critical component of a stable occlu-sion. Various methods, including rapid palatal expansion (RPE), can be used to achieve dental and orthopedic maxillary expansion in grow-ing patients.1 Unfortunately, howev-er, the use of RPE after the peak pubertal growth spurt will produce more dental than skeletal expan-sion—about 62% vs. 38% of the total expansion2—resulting in buccal tip-ping of the molars.3-5
Do bioactive materials show greater retention rates in restoring permanent teeth than non-bioactive materials? A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
No full textAbstract
Objectives: To answer the following research question: does the clinical evaluation of restorations on permanent teeth with bioactive materials show greater retention rates than those with non-bioactive materials?
Materials and methods: A search strategy was used in the following databases: MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, BBO, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and OpenGrey. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), with a minimum of 2-year follow-up and evaluating at least one bioactive material in permanent teeth were included. Risk of bias was detected according to the Cochrane Collaboration tool for assessing the risk of bias (RoB 2.0), and network meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects Bayesian-mixed treatment comparison model.
Results: Twenty-seven studies were included. The success of the restorations was assessed using modified USPHS system in 24 studies and the FDI criteria in 3 studies. Network meta-analysis revealed three networks based on restoration preparations. Resin composites were ranked with higher SUCRA values, indicating a greater likelihood of being the preferred treatment for class I, II, and III restorations. In class V, resin-modified glass ionomer cement was ranked with the highest value.
Conclusion: Bioactive restorative materials showed similar good clinical performance in terms of retention similarly to conventional resin composites.
Clinical significance: The findings must be interpreted with caution because many RCT on restorative materials aim to verify the equivalence of new materials over the gold standard material rather than their superiority. The present systematic review also suggests that new RCT with longer follow-up periods are necessary