Still Scholarworks (A.T. Still University)
Not a member yet
2228 research outputs found
Sort by
How Occupational Therapy Can Contribute to the Primary Care Team and Reduce Physician Burden
No full textRecognizing postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome in primary care
Get PDFPostural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a complex autonomic disorder characterized by abnormal tachycardia on standing. This disorder predominantly affects young women, with a peak incidence between ages 20 and 30 years. POTS often is associated with a variety of symptoms, including dizziness, palpitations, fatigue, generalized weakness, anxiety, and exercise intolerance, which can significantly impair patient quality of life. Primary care providers (PCPs) often are the first healthcare professionals to whom patients present. This article provides an overview of POTS, including diagnostic criteria and the importance of a thorough clinical evaluation to rule out other causes of symptoms. PCPs play a critical role in the comprehensive approach to care, involving patient education, lifestyle modifications, and treatment to improve outcomes and enhance patient quality of life
Pharmacological management of orofacial pain
No full textOrofacial pain is a category of complex disorders, including musculoskeletal, neuropathic and neurovascular disorders, that greatly affect the quality of life of the patient. These disorders are within the fields of dentistry and medicine and management can be challenging, requiring a referral to an orofacial pain specialist, essential for adequate evaluation, diagnosis, and care. Management is specific to the diagnosis and a treatment plan is developed with diverse pharmacological and non-pharmacological modalities. The pharmacological management of orofacial pain encompasses a vast array of medication classes and approaches. This includes anti-inflammatory drugs, muscle relaxants, anticonvulsants, antidepressants, and anesthetics. In addition, as adjunct therapy, different injections can be integrated into the management plan depending on the diagnosis and needs. These include trigger point injections, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) injections, and neurotoxin injections with botulinum toxin and nerve blocks. Multidisciplinary management is key for optimal care. New and safer therapeutic targets exclusively for the management of orofacial pain disorders are needed to offer better care for this patient population
Breastfeeding Education of Medical Students and Resident Physicians
Get PDFBreastfeeding is widely recognized for its medical and neurodevelopmental benefits, leading to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommending exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of an infant’s life with continuation through 2 years of age and beyond.1 However, this literature review finds that despite the 2022 update to the AAP’s recommendations, education on breastfeeding for physicians-in-training is inadequate. Though interventions have been shown to increase the breastfeeding knowledge and confidence of physicians, more research is needed to evaluate the efficacy of educational interventions. This paper emphasizes the urgency of implementing comprehensive interventions that address the gaps in breastfeeding education for physicians-in-training and underscores the importance of evidence-based approaches to improve the healthcare professionals’ support of breastfeeding mothers in order to optimize health outcomes
Pancreatic regenerative potential of manuka honey evidenced through pancreatic histology and levels of transcription factors in diabetic rat model
No full textBackground: Diabetes mellitus is a commonly occurring metabolic disorder accompanied by high morbidity and alarming mortality. Besides various available therapies, induction of pancreatic regeneration has emerged as a promising strategy for alleviating the damaging effect of diabetes. Honey, a potent antioxidative and anti-inflammatory agent, has been reported in the literature archive to exhibit favourable results in the regeneration process of several organ systems. Design: The current research work was intended to explore the potential role of manuka honey in pancreatic regeneration in alloxan-induced diabetic rats by accessing the pancreatic histology and levels of relevant transcription factors, including MAFA, PDX-1, INS-1, INS-2, NEUROG3, NKX6-1, and NEUROD. An equal number of rats were allocated to all four experimental groups: normal, negative control, positive control, and treatment group. Diabetes was induced in all groups except normal through a single intraperitoneal dose of alloxan monohydrate. No subsequent treatment was given to the negative control group, while the positive control and treatment groups were supplemented with metformin (150 mg/kg/day) and manuka honey (3 g/kg/day), respectively. Results: Statistical comparison of glucose and insulin levels, oxidative stress indicators, changes in the architecture of pancreatic islets, and expression levels of regeneration-associated transcription factors advocated the potential role of manuka honey in ameliorating the alloxan-induced hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinemia, oxidative stress, and necrotic changes in islets along with significant upregulation of relevant transcription factors. Conclusion: This suggests to us the auspicious role of antioxidants in honey in pancreatic regeneration and advocates the favourable role of manuka honey in combating diabetes mellitus
Fracture healing research: Recent insights
No full textBone has the rare capability of scarless regeneration that enables the complete restoration of the injured bone area. In recent decades, promising new technologies have emerged from basic, translational and clinical research for fracture treatment; however, 5–10 % of all bone fractures still fail to heal successfully or heal in a delayed manner. Several comorbidities and risk factors have been identified which impair bone healing and might lead to delayed bone union or non-union. Therefore, a considerable amount of research has been conducted to elucidate molecular mechanisms of successful and delayed fracture healing to gain further insights into this complex process. One focus of recent research is to investigate the complex interactions of different cell types and the action of progenitor cells during the healing process. Of particular interest is also the identification of patient-specific comorbidities and how these affect fracture healing. In this review, we discuss the recent knowledge about progenitor cells for long bone repair and the influence of comorbidities such as diabetes, postmenopausal osteoporosis, and chronic stress on the healing process. The topic selection for this review was made based on the presented studies at the 2022 annual meeting of the European Calcified Tissue Society (ECTS) in Helsinki
The fragility of statistical significance in distal femur fractures: systematic review of randomized controlled trials
No full textPurpose: The purpose of this study was to apply both the fragility index (FI) and fragility quotient (FQ) to evaluate the degree of statistical fragility in the distal femur fracture (DFF) literature. We hypothesized that the dichotomous outcomes within the DFF literature are statistically fragile. Methods: Using preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses, we performed a PubMed search for distal femur fractures clinical trials from 2000 to 2022 reporting dichotomous outcomes. The FI of each outcome was calculated through the reversal of a single outcome event until significance was reversed. The FQ was calculated by dividing each fragility index by study sample size. The interquartile range (IQR) was also calculated for the FI and FQ. Results: Of the 4258 articles screened, 92 met the search criteria, with eleven RCTs included for analysis. Ninety eight outcome events with 25 significant (P \u3c 0.05) outcomes and 73 nonsignificant (P \u3e 0.05) outcomes were identified. The overall FI and FQ for all 98 outcomes were 5 (IQR 4–6) and 0.130 (IQR 0.087–0.174), respectively. Three studies (33.3%) reported loss to follow (LTF) greater than 5. Conclusions: The randomized controlled trials in the peer-reviewed distal femur fracture literature may not be as robust as previously thought, as incorporating statistical analyses solely on a P value threshold is misleading. Standardized reporting of the P value, FI and FQ can help the clinician reliably draw conclusions based on the fragility of outcome measures
Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Persian Version of the Functional Arm Scale for Throwers
No full textBackground: The Functional Arm Scale for Throwers (FAST) is a reliable and valid region-specific tool designed to evaluate health-related quality of life in throwing athletes with upper-extremity injuries. The purpose of this study was to adapt, translate, and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Functional Arm Scale (FAST-Persian) for use in throwing athletes. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted based on 5 steps of cross-cultural adaptation including forward translation, synthesis, backward translation, expert committee review, and pretesting. The final Persian questionnaire, along with Persian versions of Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand and Kerlan-Jobe Orthopedic Clinic questionnaires, was completed by 177 throwing athletes for validity analysis. After 7 to 14 days, the FAST-Persian was reanswered by 80 throwers, who had no changes in this time interval. Internal consistency and test retest reliability were used to evaluate reliability of the questionnaire. Standard error of measurement and smallest detectable changes were also calculated. Construct validity was determined by correlational analysis with Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand and Kerlan-Jobe Orthopedic Clinic questionnaires. Dimensionality was evaluated with factor analysis. Result: Cronbachs alpha was .99, and the interclass correlation coefficient levels for total score and 5 subscales of the FAST-Persian ranged between .98 and .99. The standard error of measurement and smallest detectable changes were 3.17 and 8.80, respectively. The FAST-Persian had a high correlation with Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (r = .98, P \u3c .0001) and Kerlan-Jobe Orthopedic Clinic (r = .98, P \u3c .0001) scores. Factor analysis revealed one factor with a total variance of 75.23%. Conclusion: The FAST-Persian is a reliable and valid measurement tool that can be used to evaluate health-related quality of life in overhead athletes and throwers
Faculty Publications
No full textoai:scholarworks.atsu.edu:homepage-images-1002Still ScholarWorks is a great way to showcase and share your research. Articles shared on Still ScholarWorks are preserved long-term, are discoverable in Google Scholar, and are freely available to all potential readers. If you would like to learn more about sharing your work in the repository, contact the library.https://scholarworks.atsu.edu/homepage-images/1002/thumbnail.jp
Effects of Physical Activity, Play and Mindfulness-Based Interventions on Emotional Regulation and Emotional Awareness Skills in Adults with Developmental Disabilities at a Day-Time Assistance Program
Get PDFBackground: According to literature, deficiencies in emotional regulation and emotional awareness skills are more prevalent among adults diagnosed with developmental disabilities. Limited research shows promising support that the use of noninvasive treatments such as exercise, and play can promote emotional well-being among this population. This project aims to better understand the benefits of physical activity, play, and mindfulness-based interventions on emotional regulation skills in adults with developmental disabilities who attend a day-time assistance program.
Method: This 14-week capstone project was conducted at Lauren’s Institute for Education’s Adult Day Treatment (DTA) program. The occupational therapy doctorate (OTD) student developed and implemented an inclusive group-based program that served adults with developmental disabilities. A total of 34 clients who attended the day program participated. The ages of participants ranged from 21 to 64 years old. Throughout the duration of this project approximately 45, 30-minute group sessions were completed. A pre-and-post assessment survey was administered to gather quantitative data on the effectiveness of program in relation to frequency of behaviors.
Results: Using the Wilcoxon signed ranks test, the data analysis revealed that there were significant increases from pre-to-post-test scores on several response questions. Also, the collected data demonstrated a significant difference in the average pre-to-post-test score.
Conclusion: It is important that adults with developmental disabilities receive continuous support relating to their social and emotional needs. The data collected from this project provides further evidence that non-invasive mindfulness-based interventions such as physical activity and play can promote emotional regulation and emotional awareness skills in adults with developmental disabilities and should be considered for future program use