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The Impact of Technology Teaching in the Dental Predoctoral Curriculum on Students’ Perception of Digital Dentistry
No full textAbstract
The goal was to assess dental students\u27 perception of digital technologies after participating in a CAD/CAM exercise for scanning, designing, and manufacturing computer-aided provisional fixed dental restorations. A survey was conducted among second- (pre-D2 and post-D2), first- (D1, negative control), third-, and fourth-year dental students (D3 and D4, positive controls). Only OSU College of Dentistry students who completed the activity and completed the surveys were included. Seven questions were rated, which evaluated changes in knowledge, skill, interest, the importance of technology availability in an office, patients\u27 perception of technology, the importance of having the technology, and the expected frequency of clinics utilizing the technology. Statistical analysis was performed with a significance level of 0.05. A total of 74 pre-D2 and 77 post-D2 questionnaires were completed. Additionally, 63 D1, 43 D3, and 39 D4 participants responded to the survey. Significant differences were found for knowledge and skill between the pre-D2 and post-D2 and pre-D2 and control groups (p \u3c 0.001). There was a significant difference between the post-D2 participants and all the controls in terms of interest (p = 0.0127) and preference for in-practice technology availability (p \u3c 0.05). There were significant results between the post-D2 participants and all the controls regarding the importance of technology availability in an office (p \u3c 0.001) and the expected frequency of clinics utilizing the technology (p = 0.01). No significance was found for value of technology to patients and the importance of having the technology . The presence of technology in practice and in educational academic environments significantly improved students\u27 interest and perception of their knowledge and skill
Use of Local Melatonin with Xenogeneic Bone Graft to Treat Critical-Size Bone Defects in Rats with Osteoporosis: A Randomized Study
No full textAbstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of local administration of melatonin (MLT) on molecular biomarkers and calvaria bone critical defects in female rats with or without osteoporosis, associated or not with a xenogeneic biomaterial. Forty-eight female rats were randomly divided into two groups: (O) ovariectomized and (S) placebo groups. After 45 days of osteoporosis induction, two critical-size defects (5 mm diameter) were created on the calvaria. The groups were subdivided according to the following treatment: (C) Clot, MLT, MLT associated with Bio-Oss® (MLTBO), and Bio-Oss® (BO). After 45 days, the defect samples were collected and processed for microtomography, histomorphometry, and biomolecular analysis (Col-I, BMP-2, and OPN). All animals had one femur harvested to confirm the osteoporosis. Microtomography analysis demonstrated a bone mineral density reduction in the O group. Regarding bone healing, the S group presented greater filling of the defects than the O group; however, in the O group, the defects treated with MLT showed higher mineral filling than the other treatments. There was no difference between the treatments performed in the S group (p = 0.05). Otherwise, O-MLT had neoformed bone higher than in the other groups (p = 0.05). The groups that did not receive biomaterial demonstrated lower levels of Col-I secretion; S-MLT and S-MLTBO presented higher levels of OPN, while O-C presented statistically lower results (p \u3c 0.05); O-BO showed greater BMP-2 secretion (p \u3c 0.05). In the presence of ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis, MLT treatment increased the newly formed bone area, regulated the inflammatory response, and increased OPN expression
Update on skin cancer prevention modalities and screening protocols in solid organ transplant recipients: a scoping review
No full textAbstract
Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) are at significantly increased risk for skin cancer, particularly due to lifelong immunosuppressant use. Despite this risk, standardized guidelines for skin cancer risk stratification and screening in SOTRs are lacking in the United States. This scoping review aims to summarize existing evidence on skin cancer prevention and screening protocols to inform the development of standardized guidelines. A systematic search was conducted using OVID, MEDLINE, and CINAHL Plus databases, focusing on English-language articles published between January 1, 2019, and February 12, 2023. The review included studies addressing skin cancer risk stratification, screening, and preventive therapies in adult SOTRs. Data extraction followed the JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis PRISMA guidelines, with articles graded for quality using the Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT). Thirty-six articles were included in the review. The findings revealed that most studies focused on skin cancer screening protocols (36%) and chemoprevention treatments (31%) for SOTRs. The SUNTRAC tool, developed in 2019, emerged as a validated risk stratification model. Preventive strategies identified include systemic treatments like low-dose acitretin, capecitabine, niacinamide, and topical therapies such as 5-fluorouracil and photodynamic therapy. Preventive strategy strength of evidence was graded and summarized into a practical reference table. Patient education, particularly through electronic methods, was highlighted as essential for fostering photoprotective behaviors. The review highlights the need for standardized skin cancer screening and prevention guidelines for SOTRs, with the SUNTRAC tool providing a robust model for risk stratification. Future research should focus on validating the SUNTRAC tool across diverse populations, conducting randomized controlled trials on topical chemoprevention, and enhancing patient education, particularly among Skin of Color patients
Reliability of Artificial Intelligence-Based Cone Beam Computed Tomography Integration with Digital Dental Images
No full textThis study aimed to introduce cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) digitization and integration of digital dental images (DDI) based on artificial intelligence (AI)-based registration (ABR) and to evaluate the reliability and reproducibility using this method compared with those of surface-based registration (SBR). This retrospective study consisted of CBCT images and DDI of 17 patients who had undergone computer-aided bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. The digitization of CBCT images and their integration with DDI were repeated using an AI-based program. CBCT images and DDI were integrated using a point-to-point registration. In contrast, with the SBR method, the three landmarks were identified manually on the CBCT and DDI, which were integrated with the iterative closest points method.
After two repeated integrations of each method, the three-dimensional coordinate values of the first maxillary molars and central incisors and their differences were obtained. Intraclass coefficient (ICC) testing was performed to evaluate intra-observer reliability with each method\u27s coordinates and compare their reliability between the ABR and SBR. The intra-observer reliability showed significant and almost perfect ICC in each method. There was no significance in the mean difference between the first and second registrations in each ABR and SBR and between both methods; however, their ranges were narrower with ABR than with the SBR method. This study shows that AI-based digitization and integration are reliable and reproducible
Orthodontic assistant retention: Which benefit has the best prognosis for maintaining orthodontic staff?
No full textIntroduction Dentists are struggling to recruit staff and determine which benefits to provide to their staff. The purpose of this study was to survey orthodontic staff and orthodontists regarding their staff\u27s perception of the most and least desirable benefits and what keeps them working at their current orthodontic office. Methods A total of 96 orthodontic staff and 67 orthodontists were surveyed. The 11-question orthodontic staff survey and 12-question orthodontist survey asked participants about office demographics, what staff liked or disliked about the office they currently work for, and overall staff satisfaction. Results Orthodontic staff reported they were somewhat satisfied, satisfied, or very satisfied, and most orthodontists reported their staff were satisfied. Orthodontic staff reported they preferred offering full-time employment and positive staff relationships, whereas they disliked their health insurance and the lack of full-time positions the most. Moreover, 85% of orthodontists identified positive staff relationships, and 72% selected offering full-time employment positions as reasons why staff chose to stay at the office. Furthermore, 43% of orthodontists selected “other,” whereas 25% selected poor staff relationships as reasons staff chose to leave the office. Predictors for staff satisfaction include positive staff relationships (8.1% of variance; P = 0.007) and disliking their salaries and bonuses less (5.8% of variance; P = 0.002). Conclusions Our findings showed that orthodontic staff prefer full-time employment, a positive work environment, and improved health insurance benefits. Overall, orthodontists are improving their understanding of desirable staff benefits; however, there are still some benefits staff desire but are not receiving
Digital application of three-dimensional diagnosis and treatment with a virtual articulator
No full textAbstract Objective
The purpose of this article was to introduce a method for the digital application of three-dimensional (3D) diagnosis and treatment with a virtual articulator and 3D data. Clinical Consideration
With the use of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and intraoral and facial scans, we can create a virtual articulator and evaluate the mandibular position in maximum intercuspation and centric-related occlusion for the patient with an unstable occlusion and temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Based on this, we treated a case using a digital mandibular position indicator (MPI) and fabricated a stabilization splint using a 3D printer. This approach eliminates the traditional impression or model mounting process and the analog face bow transfer. Furthermore, the design of the stabilization splint is accomplished using software. Conclusions
The approach outlined in this article offers the potential for a digital diagnosis and treatment process by seamlessly integrating CBCT, intraoral scans, and facial scans with a high degree of accuracy. This may enhance precision in diagnosis and treatment planning, especially for patients with complicated TMD, in addition to facilitating effective communication with orthodontic patients who require thorough attention. Clinical Significance
Utilizing a virtual articulator and digital MPI for the occlusal evaluation of patients with TMD and unstable occlusion makes it possible to diagnose and analyze the occlusal condition accurately. This approach also allows for precision and efficiency in treatment
Revisiting peri-implant diseases in order to rethink the future of compromised dental implants: Considerations, perspectives, treatment, and prognosis
No full textOnce present, peri-implantitis is difficult to fully eliminate. Surgical interventions show some promising results in fighting the disease, but for the time being, prevention remains the strongest tool
Mechanical Behavior of Five Different Morse Taper Implants and Abutments with Different Conical Internal Connections and Angles: An In Vitro Experimental Study
No full textThe present study evaluated the mechanical behavior of five designs of Morse taper (MT) connections with and without the application of loads. For this, the detorque of the fixing screw and the traction force required to disconnect the abutment from the implant were assessed. A total of 100 sets of implants/abutments (IAs) with MT-type connections were used, comprising five groups (n = 20/group): (1) Group Imp 11.5: IA sets with a cone angulation of 11.5°; (2) Group SIN 11.5: with a cone angulation of 11.5°; (3) Group SIN 16: with a cone angulation of 16°; (4) Group Neo 16: with a cone angulation of 16°; and (5) Group Str 15: with a cone angulation of 15°. All sets received the torque recommended by the manufacturer. After applying the torque, the counter torque of the fixing screws was measured in ten IA sets of each group without the application of cyclic loads (frequencies ≤ 2 Hz, 360,000 cycles, and force at 150 Ncm). The other ten sets of each group were subjected to cyclic loads, after which the detorque was measured. Afterwards, the force for disconnection between the implant and the abutment was measured by traction on all the samples. The untwisting of the abutment fixation screws showed a decrease in relation to the initial torque applied in all groups. In the unloaded samples, it was found to be −25.7% in Group 1, −30.4% in Group 2, −36.8% in Group 3, −29.6% in Group 4, and −25.7% in Group 5. After the applied loads, it was found to be −44% in Group 1, −43.5% in Group 2, −48.5% in Group 3, −47.2% in Group 4, and −49.8% in Group 5. The values for the IA sets were zero for SIN 16 (Group 3) and Neo16 (Group 4), both without and with loads. In the other three groups, without loads, the disconnection value was 56.3 ± 2.21 N (Group 1), 30.7 ± 2.00 N (Group 2), and 26.0 ± 2.52 N (Group 5). After applying loads, the values were 63.5 ± 3.06 N for Group 1, 34.2 ± 2.45 N in Group 2, and 23.1 ± 1.29 N in Group 5. It was concluded that in terms of the mechanical behavior of the five designs of MT IA sets, with and without the application of loads, the Imp 11.5, SIN 11.5, and Srt 15 groups showed better results compared to the SIN 16 and Neo 16 groups, showing that lower values of cone angulation increase the friction between the parts (IA), thus avoiding the need to maintain the torque of the fixing screw to maintain the union of the sets
Exploring the impact of the extent of the partially edentulous area on the accuracy of two intraoral scanners
No full textStatement of problem: The accuracy of intraoral scans, particularly in edentulous areas, remains a concern despite the increasing use of digital technology, especially intraoral scanners. Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess the impact of the extent of an edentulous area on the accuracy (trueness and precision) of intraoral scans from 2 intraoral scanners. Material and methods: A KaVo dentoform with epoxy resin teeth was used to generate 9 groups with different numbers of teeth removed. A laboratory scanner served as the reference dataset, and 2 intraoral scanners (TRIOS 3 and Primescan AC) were evaluated. A single operator performed all scans following standardized protocols and calibration. Trueness and precision were assessed by using root mean square (RMS) values. Analysis of variance was used to compare trueness and precision values obtained from the 2 scanners and different partially edentulous conditions (α=.05). Results: A significant difference was found in the trueness of intraoral scans of the 2 scanners and under different partially edentulous extensions. Primescan AC exhibited significantly lower trueness than TRIOS 3 (P\u3c.001). For the individual edentulous conditions, Primescan had a significantly higher RMS mean than TRIOS 3 for G0, G3, G4, G6, G7, and G8 (P\u3c.001) and a significantly lower RMS mean than TRIOS 3 for G1 and G4 (P\u3c.001), while no significant difference in RMS mean was found between the 2 scanners for G2 (P=.999). For precision, no significant difference was found between the 2 scanners or different edentulous conditions [(F 8, 90)=1.82, P=.085]. Conclusions: The accuracy of intraoral scans was influenced by the length of edentulous areas and the scanner used. Primescan AC demonstrated lower trueness than TRIOS 3 for most partially edentulous conditions, while the scanners were similar in precision. These findings highlight the need for careful scanner selection in specific clinical situations, as scanning accuracy may vary depending on the scanner and edentulous condition
Differential Relapse of Proximal and Distal Segments after Mandibular Setback Surgery
No full textThis study aimed to evaluate the differential positional changes of the proximal and distal segments during mandibular setback surgery relapse. Thirty patients with mandibular prognathism who underwent bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy were included. Skull models from pretreatment, postsurgery, and post-treatment cone-beam computed tomography were superimposed to evaluate condylar displacement and rotational changes, and to determine the center of rotation (CRot) in the proximal and distal segments. During postsurgical relapse, the proximal segment rotated 2.4 ± 2.1° counterclockwise, with the CRot located near the mandibular condyle. The distal segment rotated 2.0 ± 2.3° counterclockwise, resulting in forward and upward movement of the chin. The displaced condyle partially returned to its original position during postsurgical orthodontic treatment. A vertical bony step (VBS) between the proximal and distal segments commonly occurs during mandibular setback surgery. As the VBS increases, the CRot of the distal segment shifts posterosuperiorly, following a predictable pattern outlined by regression equations. These findings suggest that relapse after mandibular setback surgery consistently occurs in an anterosuperior direction, with translatory movement becoming more prominent as the VBS increases. Including these regression equations in presurgical planning can enhance the precision of relapse simulations and help clinicians more accurately anticipate postsurgical relapse