NIKU publikasjoner (Norsk institutt for kulturminneforskning)
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Fargeundersøkelse av utvalgte vinduer og dører i Sjøstuen og Tasken. Bf 248 Finnegården, Verdensarvstedet Bryggen i Bergen.
Get PDFRapporten beskriver undersøkelsen av et antall vinduer og en dør i Finnegårdens Sjøstue og Taske. Undersøkelsens formål var å finne ut hvordan resultatet av en fargeundersøkelse av vinduene og den ene døra i Tasken kunne bidra til beslutningen om behandling av vinduer og dører ved ferdigstilling av eksteriør og interiør i Sjøstuen og Tasken. På flertallet av vinduene i Sjøstuen var fargelag fjernet allerede i 1990-årene og det var ikke mulig å øke kunnskapen om disse vinduenes 1700-talls farger. Vinduene bevart mellom Tasken og Sjøstuen hadde så få fargelag at de på et tidspunkt må ha blitt renskrapt utvendig. Inne kan de ha blitt renskrapt, eller de har stått umalt i en lang periode. 1700-tallets farger ble funnet som opprinnelige farger på to vinduer i trappeløpet mot nord mellom 2. og 3.etasje. Vinduene er dokumentert i trappeløpet i 1880, men vi vet ikke hvor de har vært plassert før det. Funn av ådring på dør og vindu i første etasje i Tasken, styrker ideen om von der Lippes ønske om at materialene skulle stå, eller fremstå som, fremstå som, ubehandlet. Malingen illuderer det umalte treverket. Undersøkelsen bidrar til beslutning om behandling av vinduer og dører, og er avgjørende for valg av overflatebehandling på dører og vinduer i Taskens første etasje.The report gives a description of the continued examination of the windows and one door in Finnegårdens Sjøstue and Taske. The aim of the examination was to find out how the result of an architectural paint research might contribute to the decision on how to treat windows and doors in the restored buildings. Alle the layers of paint was already in the 1990s removed from the main part of the windows in Sjøstuen, so there was no way we could add to the information on the 18th century paint on these windows. The windows between Tasken and Sjøstuen had few paintlayers kept. They must have been scarped down to the wood at some stage, - or had been without paint in the interior for a long time. The typical colours of the 18th century window were found on two windows on the north wall next to the staircase. The windows are documented on the place in the building in 1880, but we do not know were they have been placed earlier. The original use of wood imitating paint on the windows and the door in the ground floor in Tasken, strengthens von der Lippes idea of leaving the materials in the exterior untreated. The paint mimicks the untreated wood. The examination contributes to the decision on hoe to treat the windows and doors and is decisive for the choice of surfacetreatment on the windows and doors in the ground floor of Tasken.publishedVersio
Wealth of nomads – an exploratory analysis of livestock inequality in the Saami reindeer husbandry
Get PDFThe evolution of political complexity is a perennial issue in humanities and social sciences. While social inequality is pervasive in contemporary human societies, there is a view that livestock, as the primary source of wealth, limits the development of inequalities, making pastoralism unable to support complex or hierarchical organisations. Thus, complex nomadic pastoral organisation is predominantly caused by external factors: historically, nomadic political organisations mirrored the neighbouring sedentary population’s sophistication. Using governmental statistics from 2001 to 2018 on reindeer herding in Norway, this study demonstrates that there is nothing apparent in pastoral adaptation with livestock as the main base of wealth that levels wealth inequalities and limits social differentiation. This study found that inequality generally decreased in terms of the Gini coefficient and cumulative wealth. For example, the proportion owned by the wealthy decreased from 2001 to 2018, whereas the proportion owned by the poor increased. Nevertheless, rank differences persisted over time with minor changes. In particular, being poor is stable; around 50% of households ranked as poor in 2001 continued to be so in 2018. In summary, the results of this study indicate that pastoral wealth inequality follows the same pattern as all forms of wealth. Wealth accumulates over time, and while the highest earners can save much of their income (i.e., newborn livestock), low earners cannot. Thus, high-earners can accumulate more wealth over time, leading to considerable wealth inequality.publishedVersio
«Høyfjellslandskap med opptrekkende uvær» av Hans Gude. Konservering av skade. Tilhører samlingen ved Aust-Agder museum og arkiv IKS
Get PDFEtter en skade ble maleriet aam.b.1384 kalt «Høyfjellslandskap med opptrekkende uvær» av Hans Gude tilstandsvurdert av NIKU i mars 2023. I juni 2023 var NIKU på konserveringsatelieret på KUBEN for å behandle skaden. Arbeidet innebar konsolidering av løs maling, kitting og retusjering. Rapporten beskriver metode og materialbruk, og dokumenterer utført arbeid med bilder.After an incident, NIKU assessed the damages of the painting by Hans Gude called "Høyfjellslandskap med opptrekkende uvær», aam.b.1384. NIKU was at the conservation studio at KUBEN to treat the damage in June 2023. The undertaken work consisted of consoliding loose paint, filling and retouching the damaged area. The report describes the methods and materials used and documents the undertaken work with images.publishedVersio
Upgrading of Fire Resistance to Architectural Heritage Escape Route Timber Doors
Get PDFOriginal timber stairwell doors in historic masonry apartment buildings of architectural heritage value can be found in the larger cities of Norway. In Oslo, there are around 4000 such buildings, of which many still hold preserved original stairwell doors. The doors often have glass with decorative patterns in the upper parts, and timber panels on the lower part. Old residential buildings are vulnerable to fire due to the building construction and need fire protection upgrades. The stairwell doors are critical elements to prevent fire spread and to keep evacuation routes safe, so their function and condition are important to the level of fire protection in the building. The research work in this paper aims to find retrofit methods for upgrading the fire resistance of these types of doors so they maintain their integrity and insulating properties for up to 30 minutes, at the same time as they maintain their architectural expression. The upgrades must be as little intrusive and destructive as possible. Intermediate scale tests were carried out in a fire resistance test furnace, using different door configurations. The tests lasted between 30 minutes and 42 minutes, with a thermal exposure from the standard time/temperature curve described in EN 1363–1. The results from the tests showed that 40 mm thick laminated wood could withstand up to 30 minutes of fire exposure, thin timber panels could be upgraded using stone wool and robust gypsum boards type R, and that fire-resistant glass could be mounted on the inside of the original glass in different ways. Visual observations indicate that adding smoke seals inside the door leaf are effective for stopping cold and hot smoke. The solutions presented enables the preservation of the original doors’ architectural design, their historical values and aesthetic character.publishedVersio
Painted Wood Climate Risk Analysis by the HERIe Model of Building Protection and Conservation Heating Scenarios in Norwegian Medieval Stone Churches
Get PDFHERIe was used to model the effect of changes to indoor climate on the risk of humidity-induced mechanical damage (cracking and plastic deformation) to wooden panels painted with stiff gesso in two Norwegian medieval stone churches: Kinn (mean relative humidity (RH, %) = 79%) on the humid west coast, and Ringsaker (mean RH = 49%) in the drier eastern part of the country. The risk involved in moving cultural heritage objects (paint on wood) between the churches and a conservation studio with more “ideal”, stable conditions was also modeled. A hypothetical reduction in RH to ~65% and, proportionally, of the climate fluctuations in Kinn, and an increase in the RH in Ringsaker to a more stable value of ~63% via conservation heating, were found to improve (Kinn) and uphold (Ringsaker) the conformity to relevant standards and significantly reduce the risk of damage, except in the scenario of moving objects from Ringsaker to a conservation studio, when the risk would increase. The use of conservation heating could save ~50% of the heating cost. The estimated risk reductions may be less relevant for objects kept in situ, where cracks in the original paint and gesso have developed historically. They may be more relevant when moving original objects away from their proofed climate into a conservation studio for treatment.Painted Wood Climate Risk Analysis by the HERIe Model of Building Protection and Conservation Heating Scenarios in Norwegian Medieval Stone ChurchespublishedVersio
Multi-hazard susceptibility mapping of cryospheric hazards in a high-Arctic environment: Svalbard Archipelago
Get PDFThe Svalbard Archipelago represents the northernmost place on Earth where cryospheric hazards, such as thaw slumps (TSs) and thermo-erosion gullies (TEGs) could take place and rapidly develop under the influence of climatic variations. Svalbard permafrost is specifically sensitive to rapidly occurring warming, and therefore, a deeper understanding of TSs and TEGs is necessary to understand and foresee the dynamics behind local cryospheric hazards' occurrences and their global implications. We present the latest update of two polygonal inventories where the extent of TSs and TEGs is recorded across Nordenskiöld Land (Svalbard Archipelago), over a surface of approximately 4000 km2. This area was chosen because it represents the most concentrated ice-free area of the Svalbard Archipelago and, at the same time, where most of the current human settlements are concentrated. The inventories were created through the visual interpretation of high-resolution aerial photographs as part of our ongoing effort toward creating a pan-Arctic repository of TSs and TEGs. Overall, we mapped 562 TSs and 908 TEGs, from which we separately generated two susceptibility maps using a generalised additive model (GAM) approach, under the assumption that TSs and TEGs manifest across Nordenskiöld Land, according to a Bernoulli probability distribution. Once the modelling results were validated, the two susceptibility patterns were combined into the first multi-hazard cryospheric susceptibility map of the area. The two inventories are available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.945348 (Nicu et al., 2022a) and https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.945395 (Nicu et al., 2022b).Multi-hazard susceptibility mapping of cryospheric hazards in a high-Arctic environment: Svalbard ArchipelagopublishedVersio
Exploring Vulnerability Indicators: Tourist Impact on Cultural Heritage Sites in High Arctic Svalbard
Get PDFThis article reports findings from two research projects that aimed to understand the vulnerabilities of cultural heritage sites in Svalbard and investigated factors that influence tourism-induced pressures and site degradation. It draws upon fieldwork conducted at ten selected historic locations, including interviews with tourists and guides, consultations with regional and central cultural heritage management authorities, on-site observations, and condition assessments. The primary goal was to explore indicators rendering cultural heritage sites susceptible to the impacts of tourism and human visitors. These indicators were common denominators and encompassed the sites’ physical state/degree of decay, legibility, accessibility, and quantity and quality of objects at the sites. This article seeks to enhance the understanding of these sites’ vulnerabilities and provide insights for effective heritage site management and sustainable tourism development. The principal findings highlight key factors contributing to cultural heritage sites’ vulnerability. These factors encompass intensity and frequency of visitor traffic, suboptimal visitor management strategies, tourists’ limited awareness of proper site behaviour and conservation practices, and restricted resources for site maintenance and protection. These findings can guide policymakers, site managers, and tourism stakeholders in formulating strategies to balance tourism promotion with site conservation, ensuring the long-term preservation of cultural heritage in this unique and vulnerable environment.publishedVersio
Alf Bjerckes arkiv
No full textAlf Bjerckes firma var lenge Norges viktigste malingsprodusent. Firmaet var også grossist og forhandler. Fargehandelen startet først i 1880, og noen år etter ble fabrikken etablert. Fabrikken fulgte den internasjonale utviklingen av nye produkttyper og produserte snart maling til de fleste formål. I 1930 startet fabrikken egen produksjon av kunstnermaling på tube. Firmaet fusjonerte med tre andre og ble en del av Jotun-gruppen i 1972. Alf Bjerckes privatarkiv ble gitt til Norsk teknisk museum i 1979. I arkivet finnes brosjyrer, fargekart, priskuranter, oppskrifter, varighetstester, oversikter over leverandører og kunder. Det finnes også loggbøker som viser hva som ble produsert fra dag til dag, og notater om justering av oppskrifter. I tillegg til papirarkivet har museet foto og gjenstander fra firmaet, blant annet bokser med ferdigmaling. Samlingen gir viktig informasjon til konservatorer, conservation scientists, kunsthistorikere, bygningsarkeologer, arkitekter, tradisjonsmalere og industrihistorikere. Artikkelen presenterer resultatet fra en første gjennomgang av arkivet, viser frem fagrelevante eksempler fra samlingen og diskuterer muligheter for videre forskning.The archive of Alf BjerckepublishedVersio
Experiences from motorized GPR surveys in Iceland
Get PDFMotorized multi-channel GPR investigations in Iceland in July 2022 showed great potential for large-scale archaeological geophysical surveys. Investigations on selected sites demonstrated effective fieldwork opportunities with excellent signal penetration through thick layers of ash and sand and very good contrast of turf houses towards the surrounding soil. Although Iceland has very challenging landscapes, many places are perfect suitable for motorized surveys making them very efficient for landscape archaeological investigations.publishedVersio
Istandsetting av kirkegårdsmur. Grinaker kirkested, Gran kommune, Innlandet
Get PDFNorsk institutt for kulturminneforskning (NIKU) utførte i løpet av juni 2022 arkeologisk overvåking av arbeid i forbindelse med istandsetting av kirkegårdsmur på Grinaker kirkested, Gran kommune, Innlandet. Tiltakene som skulle gjennomføres omfattet restaurering av to partier av muren, i nordvest og i sør. I bakkant av muren skulle det graves/fjernes masser innover på kirkegården, og erstattes med masser som var godt egent for drenering. Ved gjennomføring av arbeidet viste det seg at kirkegårdsmuren var konstruert med relativt store mengder bakfyll, og det var tilstrekkelig å skifte ut bakfyllet ved gjenoppmuring av kirkegårdsmuren for å sikre god drenering. Det ble dermed kun gravd små menger kirkegårdsmasser. Ingen automatisk fredete kulturminner ble avdekket i forbindelse med arbeidet.Istandsetting av kirkegårdsmur. Grinaker kirkested, Gran kommune, InnlandetpublishedVersio