PIA - Politihøgskolens institusjonelle arkiv
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Maskulinitetsperspektiv på kriminologiens kjerneområder: Kontroll, ofre og kriminalitet
Get PDFThe aim of this article is to render visible and problematise conceptions and norms for performing masculinity within criminology. Approaching crime and crime control from a gendered perspective is highly relevant: Crime and punishment are historically among the most gendered fields in society, predominantly inhabited by men. While the relation between crime and masculinity was actually
addressed by some of the subcultural theorists in the 1950s (see e.g., Cohen 1955, Bloch and Niederhoffer 1958, Kvaraceus and Miller 1959, Cloward & Ohlin 1960), criminology as such has by and large remained a gender-blind discipline. The article focuses on the impact a gender perspective can have on the core areas of criminology: control, victimization and crime
Profesjonsstudentblikk: Om hvordan politistudentene ser på utdanningen
Get PDFArtikkelen handler om hvordan politistudenter vurderer politiutdanningen, og spesielt hvordan de relaterer ulike fag til politiarbeid i praksis. På bakgrunn av intervjuer med førsteårsstudenter, undersøker jeg hvordan studentenes oppfatninger om fare og risiko og iver etter å erverve en profesjonell identitet bidrar til å svekke interessen for akademisk kunnskap, som de oppfatter å ha begrenset relevans for praktisk politiarbeid. Jeg undersøker om sammenhengen mellom sosial posisjon, forhold til lærere og medstudenter og oppfatninger om politiarbeid, leder dem til å omfavne de mer praktiske fagene på bekostning av spesielt de samfunnsvitenskapelige fagene. Avslutningsvis diskuterer jeg relevansbegrepet de opererer med
Norwegian youth punishment: Opportunity or trap?
Get PDFThe question of how the criminal justice system should deal with young offenders is an old one. Traditionally, the Norwegian criminal justice system has held that it should treat young offenders less severely than adults. The use of imprisonment is therefore restricted. In 2014, Norway implemented two new kinds of penal reactions directed towards young offenders, youth follow-up and youth punishment, inspired by the ideas underpinning restorative justice. The intention of youth punishment is that it is more severe but better suited than community sentencing when young people commit serious crimes. Consequently, the use of imprisonment for young offenders should be further reduced. In this article, I describe the rules concerning the sentencing and executing of youth punishment. Overall, I am of the opinion that while the premise underlying youth punishment is sound, the rules need to be amended to better reflect the expressed intent of the legislator.publishedVersio
Politiets tilgang til elektroniske spor: Utlevering av elektronisk lagrede data til politiet etter personvernreglene og de straffeprosessuelle regler
Get PDFI denne oppgaven drøfter masterstudenten problemstillinger knyttet til hvor vidt opptak av kameraovervåkning, bompasseringsdata, data om betalingstransaksjoner og trafikkdata kan utleveres frivillig av besitteren. Innhenting av elektroniske spor som lagres hos en annen enn den opplysningene gjelder, berører flere regelsett og det er ulike hjemler for ulike elektronisk lagrede data. Den mest fremtredende problemstillingen er om politiet får samtykke til utlevering fra den opplysningene er registrert om. Det er i de tilfeller samtykke ikke gis, eller den som besitter dataene ikke vil samarbeide, de straffeprosessuelle regler må tas i bruk (Se fullstendig oppsummering og konklusjon i oppgaven)
Accomodating trauma in police interviews: An exploration of rapport in investigative interviews of traumatized victims
Get PDFThesis for the degree of philosophiae doctor (PhD) at the University of BergenIn the investigation of a criminal offense, the investigative interview is one of the most important methods used by the police. In interviews, the police investigator may encounter suspects, witnesses or victims who experience a wide range of emotional states: states that may get in the way of rapport and the interviewee providing an optimal account. How can a police interviewer approach an interviewee in order to obtain rapport and attend to his or her psychological needs? The aim of this thesis was to explore the psychological processes underpinning rapport in police interviews of traumatized victims. In three qualitative studies, we examined the processes of developing and maintaining rapport with adult traumatized individuals with an emphasis on how police investigators accommodate the emotional state of interviewees.
The studies reported in Papers 1 and 2 were based on interviews of police investigators responsible for interviewing victims after the Utøya massacre on 22 July 2011 in Norway. We employed an explorative-reflexive approach to these research interviews and used a thematic analysis based on a hermeneutic phenomenological epistemology to examine the data. Paper 1 explored factors considered important and useful for facilitating safety, and for developing and maintaining rapport with traumatized interviewees. The findings showed the importance of the investigator's preparatory efforts through planning and finding an approach, in addition to endeavoring to achieve openness for the interviewee and reflecting on potential emotional reactions that could emerge. The findings highlight the importance of different relational and communicative approaches to enhance rapport, such as a strategic use of first impressions and casual conversation, previewing the interview process, showing understanding, and adapting to the expressions of the interviewee.
One of the main findings presented in Paper 1 was the investigators' descriptions of the significance of managing the interviewee's negative emotions to facilitate safety and thus, rapport. This was the basis for Paper 2, which examined useful approaches to regulating and coping with distress in order to maintain rapport and promote interviewees' psychological well-being. The findings showed the importance of the investigator being attentive to the interviewees' nonverbal communication and his or her capacity to cope with distress before showing acceptance and the ability to handle negative feelings experienced in the interview. To regulate distress, the investigator should respond to the interviewees' emotional needs, help them to feel safe, and promote a positive atmosphere. The findings of Studies 1 and 2 describe different aspects of how police interviewers approach, accommodate, and respond to the state of the interviewee to build rapport and further psychological well-being.
To achieve a further understanding of the emotional processes of police interviews, Paper 3 theoretically examined the concept of emotional intelligence (EI) in investigative interviewing and how EI can be implemented in the training of police interviewers. EI in the context of investigative interviewing was defined, with an emphasis on empathy and emotion regulation. We presented four key considerations for training police interviewers in handling emotions (self-awareness, attention training, communication skills, and emotion regulation) before discussing the usefulness of EI with regard to investigative interviewing.
In summary, the findings demonstrate the importance of police interviewers engaging in relational and emotional processes when interviewing traumatized interviewees. This thesis contributes to the understanding of the underlying psychological processes that facilitate rapport and promote the well-being of traumatized interviewees in police interviews
Trusler og trusselhendelser: En spørreundersøkelse blant stortingsrepresentanter og regjeringsmedlemmer
No full text82 % av politikere har opplevd minst én form for uønsket atferd, trusler eller mottatt noen form for hatmeldinger, enten gjennom direkte kontakt eller gjennom sosiale medier.
40 % har vært utsatt for alvorlige hendelser. Disse hendelsene involverer faktiske eller forsøk på angrep, trusler (også direkte eller indirekte via sosiale medier) om å angripe politikeren eller nærstående personer eller skadeverk på eiendom eller personlige eiendeler.
Flere politikere blir utsatt for trakassering og trusler via sosiale medier enn før. Dette ser ut til å være en økende trend.
Graden av utsatthet for stortingsrepresentanter følger de politiske partiene og sakene heller enn regjeringskoalisjonen. De mest utsatte er politikere fra FrP, mens politikere fra Høyre er blant de minst utsatte.
Konsekvensene for å ha opplevd uønskede hendelser påvirker både politikernes privatliv og deres politiske virksomhet. Funnene viser at konsekvenser for privatlivet har gått ned fra 42 % i 2013 til 27 % i 2017. For politisk virksomhet er det en svak økning fra 13 % til 17 %. Det er en tydelig sammenheng mellom alvorlighetsgraden på hendelsene og om dette får konsekvenser for politikernes atferd.
Engelsk utgave: PHS Forskning 2018: 5publishedVersio
Major changes sneak up on you, silently, as if on cat’s paws: Evaluation of the Staff and Leadership Development Programme at the Norwegian Police University College (PHS)
No full textThe evaluation of the Staff and Leadership Development Programme has a two-part mandate. Firstly, the report will evaluate to what extent the programme has reached its objectives. Secondly, the evaluation wishes to investigate to what degree participants of the programme receive a lasting education. By ‘lasting education’ we mean internalized behavioural change in the areas on which the programme focuses.
The evaluation is based on data consisting of observations of major staff practices and interviews with a selection of staff members. Through this data, the report highlights most aspects of the Staff and Leadership Development Programme as is experienced by the members of staff we interviewed. In order to limit the scope of the report, the learning points of the programme, which are largely linked to the task of staff functions and responsibility in severe police assignments, are emphasised. SAR practices1, which deal with preparedness and cooperation with collaborative, civil agencies, are less touched upon.
Our evaluation draws attention to the strengths and possible shortcomings of the current Staff and Leadership Development Programme. To the extent that some of our findings should lead to change, it is not defined, in this report, who will make these changes; the Norwegian Police University College develops the programme in close cooperation with the National Police Directorate, and this can provide a limited scope for possible changes.
Certain findings mentioned in this report have already been changed or removed in the content of the new programme. The Staff and Leadership Development Programme must also be seen in a developmental context associated with the policing profession, where more and more courses and training programmes are converted to a vocational education, based on research and experiential knowledge, and skills, as well as work requirements and assessments that meet the demands of the Norwegian Police University College as a vocational college. This has been a continuous development at the Norwegian Police University College for 10-15 years.publishedVersio
Ytring: bøtesoning - fører den til ny kriminalitet?
Get PDFNår noen over 18 år får en bot, skal det fastsettes en subsidiær fengselsstraff – fra 1 til 120 dager –
som skal sones hvis boten ikke betales (straffeloven § 55). Dette gjelder enten grunnlaget for boten
er en dom, et ordinært forelegg eller et forenklet forelegg. I 2013 utgjorde soning av subsidiær
fengselsstraff i fengsel 23 634 døgn, tilsvarende 69 fengselsplasser (Meld. St. 12 (2014-2015 s. 15)
Ingen vet hvor mange CITES-saker politiet har etterforsket
Get PDFStudien er en del av en pågående doktorgradsstudie i kriminologi om avdekking og etterforsking av handel med truede arter i Norge og Uganda, med særlig vekt på konvensjonen om internasjonal handel med utrydningstruede arter av flora og fauna (CITES). Datagrunnlaget er kvalitative intervjuer med til sammen tretten miljøkoordinatorer, etterforskere og påtalejurister i norsk politi. Ni tjenestesteder innenfor seks politidistrikter er representert. Funnene bygger i tillegg på analyse av saksdokumenter (se Runhovde 2016)