PIA - Politihøgskolens institusjonelle arkiv
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Kriminalitetsforebygging på norsk: En kunnskapsoversikt
Get PDFHva kjennetegner kriminalitetsforebyggende arbeid i Norge? Denne rapporten presenterer norsk forskningslitteratur om forebygging av kriminalitet, men også forebygging av adferd og risikofaktorer der kriminalitet på sikt er ett av flere mulige utfall. Rapporten løfter fram hvilke strategier og metoder som anvendes i det forebyggende arbeidet på tvers av en rekke kriminalitetsområder, sentrale utfordringer på feltet samt hva forskningen sier når det gjelder direkte og indirekte effekter av kriminalitets forebyggende arbeid. Rapporten identifiserer dessuten kunnskapsunderskudd på feltet ved å synliggjøre områder hvor forskning på kriminalietsforebyggende innsats er begrenset
“We are seen as a threat”: Police stops of young ethnic minorities in the Nordic countries
Get PDFThis is the final text version of the article, it may contain minor differences from the publisher’s pdf version.This article focuses on the perspectives of young ethnic minorities in the Nordic countries who have experienced various forms of “police stops”, i.e. situations where the police stop them without any reference to a specific event that the youth know of. Analytically, the debate is positioned through an intersectionality approach of (un)belonging to majority societies. Across the Nordic countries, we found that the young people described five social markers as reasons for being stopped, namely clothing, hanging out in groups, ethnicity, neighbourhoods and gender. We argue that the police stops explicate how the young men in particular are often forced to think about themselves in terms of “a threat” to the majority and the attributes they have that make them seem like criminals.acceptedVersio
Learning how to lead police investigations
Get PDFThis is the final text version of the article, it may contain minor differences from the publisher’s pdf version.The aim of this article was to investigate how police investigation leaders learn leadership and whether the facilitation of learning activities and learning methods might bridge the well-known gap between teaching and learning leadership. Using action research, we constructed an ‘i-leader’ learning pool consisting of police investigation leaders. The pool provided interactive and collaborative learning activities that included reflection, knowledge sharing and social support. Participants were receptive to this learning initiative, but also argued that ‘learning by doing’ is most important because it allows for communication and cooperation between colleagues in the context of their everyday leadership practice. They acknowledged the need for reflection and argued that the pool provides important reflection time, which they lack in their everyday practice. Participants also found the learning methods, particularly the ‘group support methodology’ and the new network useful for their own leadership development. However, using these new learning methods ‘back home’ was more challenging. Participants did not have time to prioritize and develop this new network. Providing learning methods and building a network takes time and must be relevant to everyday leadership practice. The significance of their leadership practice and how to accumulate experience as the basis for reflection was acknowledged, but still needs to be applied within leadership practice. Bridging the gap between teaching and learning is not just about providing learning and reflection methods, but also about learning how to apply new knowledge through experience, where reflection ensures that learning in practice is not ‘due to change’
Store endringer kommer på kattepoter: Evaluering av stabs- og lederutviklingsprogrammet ved Politihøgskolen
No full textThe evaluation of the Staff and Leadership Development Programme has a two-part mandate. Firstly, the report will evaluate to what extent the programme has reached its objectives. Secondly, the evaluation wishes to investigate to what degree participants of the programme receive a lasting education. By ‘lasting education’ we mean internalized behavioural change in the areas on which the programme focuses.
The evaluation is based on data consisting of observations of major staff practices and interviews with a selection of staff members. Through this data, the report highlights most aspects of the Staff and Leadership Development Programme as is experienced by the members of staff we interviewed. In order to limit the scope of the report, the learning points of the programme, which are largely linked to the task of staff functions and responsibility in severe police assignments, are emphasised. SAR practices1, which deal with preparedness and cooperation with collaborative, civil agencies, are less touched upon.
Our evaluation draws attention to the strengths and possible shortcomings of the current Staff and Leadership Development Programme. To the extent that some of our findings should lead to change, it is not defined, in this report, who will make these changes; the Norwegian Police University College develops the programme in close cooperation with the National Police Directorate, and this can provide a limited scope for possible changes.
Certain findings mentioned in this report have already been changed or removed in the content of the new programme. The Staff and Leadership Development Programme must also be seen in a developmental context associated with the policing profession, where more and more courses and training programmes are converted to a vocational education, based on research and experiential knowledge, and skills, as well as work requirements and assessments that meet the demands of the Norwegian Police University College as a vocational college. This has been a continuous development at the Norwegian Police University College for 10-15 years
«Is that good enough policing?» An investigation of learning from experience of grey area cases
Get PDFEngelsk oversettelse av artikkelen publisert 1. juli 2020.English translation of the article published July 1, 2020.This in-depth study investigates and discusses how police leaders lead and handle learning from experience. This is done by going into actual cases where police employees are suspected of committing criminal offences on duty and the Norwegian Bureau for the Investigation of Police Affairs (the Bureau) decides not to prosecute, but still requests of police leaders to address the issue. Based on actual cases, our findings show that police leaders interpret the Bureau’s request as an invite to look into one’s current practice. Still, the way the leaders lead learning from experience in these cases mainly takes the form of “straightening up” practice through instrumental learning measures, i.e., based on the criminal law. The findings also points towards that learning from actual cases, may require leading through opening up for reflection and dialogue concerning the question “is this good police work?”. The main findings are discussed in relation to what may be viewed as conditions for learning of experience.publishedVersio
The Golden Hour: Strategic command and control during the initial response to terror attacks
Get PDFMasteroppgave i politivitenskapBy its very nature, terror attacks in otherwise peaceful countries will come as surprises.
Because the attackers are the ones with the initiative, choosing when, where and how, the emergency services will initially be reactive. Complex attacks that also are multi- pronged will require a level of coordination between the different operational commands, something they may neither have the capability or capacity to conduct. Here, it is vital to have a functioning strategic level. Because the typical strategic command in any given police or security force normally are not on a 24/7 standby or permanently operational, as operational and tactical commands typically are, due to their day-to-day responsibility, it cannot be expected that a full strategic command can be ready within the initial phase of an attack; the so-called ”golden hour”. However, parts of the strategic command, that be one person or a few, will always come first. They will therefore be required to fill more, and different roles, than they might otherwise would have.
This thesis aims to look at the 2001, 2005 and 2011 attacks and see if there are similarities in what falls short in regards to the strategic levels`response. As this level have a special responsibility regarding the command and control structure in their respective organizations, it is this that will be studied here; especially communication and situational understanding, as there are paramount for the strategic levels capabilities and overall performance.
Because the chains of command in these situations are so complex and the situation so fluid, those who make up the strategic level during the initial response, are absolutely dependent on contingency plans, so that they may identify the proper chain of command and begin taking measures to regain the initiative. It is seen that if the operational level either does not receive anything from the strategic level, or if it is unsure as to whom are actually in command, it will begin to take action on its own, effectively leaving the strategic level out of the loop. This in turn will lead to fragmented or information reaching the strategic level, which in turn again decreases its capabilities, leaving the operational level forced to act on its own again, and so on. In the situations where such a systemic error occurs, it is seen that the lack of usable contingency plans and a lack of understanding of ones role as the strategic command, are at least partly to blame.(Se fullstendig sammendrag i oppgaven)
Mishandlingsbestemmelsen: En evaluering av loven mot mishandling i nære relasjoner jf. Strl. § 219 (§ 282/283)
No full textDuring the past decade the criminal law against repeated and severe domestic violence has been actively enforced in Norway. This study will evaluate police practice of this law (Paragraph 219 under the Penal Code of 1902, paragraph 282/283 according to the Penal Code of 2005). Special trained police officers and others working within law enforcement, such as prosecutors and judges, have participated as informants in this study. They have answered questions about what challenges and dilemmas this legal provision offers. The challenges appear at two levels: The law against repeated and severe domestic abuse requires a significant amount of police resources that involves hard prioritizing. Furthermore, what kind of actions should be highlighted in a domestic abuse investigation is another issue as there is no clear definition of ‘abuse’. It is insufficient to merely read the legal text in order to grasp what it criminalizes – one also has to research the legal sources. The Supreme Court has decided that in order to apply this law a regime of control and violence must be evident within the close relationship. In identifying such a regime, the police must not only pay attention to the specific incidents of physical violence, but also focus on what happens in between these events. The totality and complexity of domestic abuse including the psychological violence involved is of major importance with regard to how the law against repeated and severe domestic abuse is enforced
Fra praktisk pedagogikk til pedagogikk i praksis
Get PDFPolitihøgskolen tilbyr instruktørutdanning i politioperative disipliner for at instruktørene skal bidra til at den politioperative kompetansen i politi- og lensmannsetaten blir tilegnet, vedlikeholdt og utviklet i tråd med gjeldende kunnskap og nye krav til yrkesutøvelsen. Utdanningen skal støtte opp under en enhetlig praksis samt bidra til nettverksbygging, i følge studieplanen.
Studien «Fra praktisk pedagogikk til pedagogikk i praksis» har fokus på sammenhengen mellom den formelle og den erfarte læreplanen i instruktørutdanningen. Teoretisk rammeverk er John I. Goodlads (1969) utvidede curriculum. Goodlads begrepsapparat for læreplaner i teori og praksis gir strukturen i denne studien og diskusjonen. Analyser av studieplanen, studenters undervisningsplaner og refleksjonsnotater samt evalueringsrapport er datagrunnlaget i studien. Fokus er på sammenheng eller mangel på sammenheng mellom intensjon, operasjonalisering og erfaring. Læringsutbytte for generell kompetanse benyttes som struktur i analysen og drøftingene. Den formelle læreplanen er analysert og sammenlignet teoretisk med den operasjonaliserte læreplanen. Evalueringsrapporten og studentens planleggingsdokumenter og refleksjonsnotater sier noe om de erfaringer studentene har gjort seg.
Studien viser at det det er flere områder der erfaringen er annerledes enn intensjonen – samtidig som hovedkonklusjonen er at det i stor grad er en tydelig sammenheng mellom Politihøgskolens intensjon og studentens erfaringer
Hvorfor bruke kompass når vi har GPS?: Politiets sikring av biologiske spor (DNA-bevis) og fingeravtrykk
Get PDFArtikkelen er tidligere publisert i Retfærd | Nr. 3 og 4 | 2017 | s. 38-50Det er gjort begrenset forskning både på politiets bruk av teknologi og på politiets etterforskning samt politiets åstedsarbeid som sikring av biologiske spor og fingeravtrykk. Det er viktig med undersøkelser om bruk av nye teknologier som implementeres for å øke politiets effektivitet og politiets tilpassing til disse. Biologiske spor kan være et eksempel på en slik teknologi. Undersøkelser av slike teknologier må fokusere både på intenderte og uintenderte konsekvenser av implementeringen av dem. Teknologi har utvilsomt bidratt fordelaktig ved å forbedre menneskets livsvilkår på en rekke måter, men det kan også oppstå uintenderte konsekvenser ved bruk av teknologier
Når politiet møter publikum: En analyse av kontakterfaring og tillit til politiet
Get PDFMange innbyggere kommer i kontakt med politiet hvert år. Tidligere forskning viser at graden av tilfredshet med denne kontakten kan ha betydelig innvirkning på tilliten til politiet. Et mindre utforsket tema er hvordan ulike former for kontakt oppfattes og påvirker tilliten til politiet. Med utgangspunkt i surveydata undersøker denne artikkelen hvordan henholdsvis politi- og egeninitiert kontakt oppfattes og påvirker ulike aspekter av tillit. Undersøkelsen finner at et flertall i begge kontaktkategorier var tilfreds med kontakten, og at begge typer kontakt har en signifikant innvirkning på tillit til politiet. Imidlertid synes politiinitiert kontakt å ha en større effekt enn egeninitiert kontakt på oppfatninger om prosessuell rettferdighet, mens egeninitiert kontakt synes å ha en større effekt enn politiinitiert kontakt på oppfatninger om effektivitet. Mulige årsaker og implikasjoner av funnene drøftes mot slutten av artikkelen