9782 research outputs found
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Biphasic Model of Addiction: Neurobehavioral Adaptations
No full textAddiction is a complex, chronic disorder that affects tens of millions of people around the world. It is characterized by compulsive substance use or engagement in harmful behaviors despite adverse consequences. Recognized as a chronic and relapsing brain disorder, the transition from casual drug use to addiction involves a gradual process of escalated intake underpinned by significant changes in brain function, particularly in neural circuits governing reinforcement, learning, and behavior. This article is based on an assessment of the preclinical and clinical literature, delineating the biphasic nature of the addiction cycle—from use to abuse to addiction. The biphasic model focuses on progressive neurobehavioral adaptations that underlie phase transitions in stimulus reinforcement, motivation, associative learning, tolerance, and inhibitory control. Understanding how drug-induced alterations in brain function affect cognition, emotion, and behavior is essential for developing more effective strategies for addiction detection, recovery, and prevention
Advancing circular economy in educational context: Role of green initiatives and green engagement
Get PDFCircular economy is a fundamental principle governed by several national organizations worldwide. Drawing upon stakeholder theory, the current study establishes a synthesized model with constructs such as employee eco initiatives (ECO), psychological capital (PC), management support (MS), green knowledge management (GKM) and green engagement (GE). Within the context of circular economy in an educational institute, the present study underscores the positive outcomes of employee eco initiatives such as enhanced green engagement. Furthermore, the study explores psychological capital as a mediator and management support and green knowledge management as the moderators in influencing the dynamics between employee eco-initiatives and green engagement. A sample of 232 internal stakeholders was collected from a prestigious B-school in India, the data was statistically analyzed using IBM SPSS, AMOS, and Hayes Process Macros. The research findings indicate that the management support acts as a strong moderator between employee eco initiatives and psychological capital. If management support is high eco initiatives will lead to higher psychological capital.Further, green knowledge management appeared as a strong moderator between employee eco initiatives and green engagement. Theoretical implications of the study theorize internal stakeholder involvement. Further, practical implications underscore a need for top management as key stakeholders to focus on the psychological factors that motivate internal stakeholders to participate in green initiatives, and to increase green engagement
Exercising consent, control and privacy in today’s world: Applying data protection to the past
No full textWhat do consent, control and privacy mean in today’s world? How can data protection law be applied to data from the past to help achieve these ideals? The paper begins by contextualising the role of consent and privacy in today’s world of technological and analytical capabilities. The author sees consent as the ability to exercise control, autonomy, and free will to manoeuvre in the world. The author sees the possibility of integrating this idea in India's data protection discourse by applying India’s data protection law to the ongoing processing of data from the past before the law comes into force. A comparison is made with the position of application to data from the past when the EU GDPR came into force. Ultimately, the author contemplates significant questions about consent, control and privacy in the changing nature of the world
Deepfakes, big tech, and human rights challenges: examining the technology from a feminist legal lens
No full textThis article examines the gendered implications of Deepfake technology through the lens of international human rights law and platform governance. Drawing on recent statistics and case studies, it demonstrates how women are disproportionately targeted by Deepfake-related abuse, with 96% of Deepfake videos being pornographic in nature. The research employs doctrinal methodology to analyse three key dimensions: the gendered misuse of Deepfake technology, the adequacy of current international human rights frameworks, and the role of big tech companies in addressing this crisis. Through a case from India, the article reveals significant disparities in content moderation practices by tech platforms and their implications for women in conservative societies. While existing human rights instruments provide some protection against technology facilitated gender-based violence, the article argues that these frameworks are insufficient to address the unique challenges posed by Deepfake technology. The authors propose a multistakeholder approach, combining enhanced platform governance, robust legal frameworks, and public awareness initiatives. The article concludes by advocating for the adoption of more precise terminology, suggesting ‘Non-Consensual Synthetic Media’ as an alternative to ‘Deepfake’ to better reflect the nature of the violation and facilitate more effective legal and policy responses
Post-pandemic healthcare choices: SERVQUAL model and the influence of hospital image
No full textPurpose
This article studies the customer’s purchase intention to choose healthcare services in the post-COVID-19 situation. The authors have used the most prominent SERVQUAL model to assess the service quality offered to patients and each variable’s influence on customer intent to purchase healthcare services.
Design/methodology/approach
Tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, hospital image and customer purchase intention are the variables considered for this study. Data have been collected from customers who have recently experienced services in different hospitals. Standardized statements of the SERVQUAL model and purchase intention were adapted and modified as per the requirements of the constructs. Out of 271 filled questionnaires, the authors have undertaken the data cleaning process to circumvent any kind of biasness; finally the authors have considered 225 questionnaires to conduct this research work.
Findings
This study’s findings indicate significant and positive relationships between service quality, hospital image and customer purchase intention to choose hospital services. Additionally, the mediating role of hospital image was confirmed in all four hypotheses.
Practical implications
The results of this study provide practitioners with valuable insights and guidance for developing effective strategies for providing better services to patients.
Originality/value
Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to check the validity and reliability of all the constructs. Due to the high correlation between tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy, authors have created a second-order construct, i.e. service quality. Authors have also used structural equation modeling (SEM) to inspect the associations between different constructs. Authors have measured the mediating role of hospital image between the relationship of all the service quality dimensions and customer purchase intention
How can Industry 5.0 transform operational excellence into a driver to achieve SDGs in Ibero-American countries?
No full textPurpose – The purpose of this study is to explore how operational excellence (OPEX) can be redefined in the era of Industry 5.0 (I5.0) by integrating human-centric, sustainability and resiliency principles. This study investigates the role of emerging technologies and I5.0 to align OPEX with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and highlights the involvement of multiple stakeholders in this transformation. This is particularly relevant for Ibero-American countries, where organisations are increasingly seeking to incorporate sustainability and human-centric values into their operational models to meet global development targets.
Design/methodology/approach – The authors adopted a conceptual and literature-based approach to review and synthesise academic literature and industry reports on OPEX, Industry 4.0 (I4.0) and I5.0. This study examines how cobots, digital twins, artificial intelligence and blockchain can be integrated with sustainability principles within OPEX systems and can be mapped to specific SDGs through a multistakeholder perspective.
Findings – This study finds that I5.0 shifted the OPEX from efficiency-focused to inclusive, resiliency and sustainability. OPEX in I5.0 supports SDG 8 (Decent Work), SDG 9 (Industry and Innovation), SDG 12 (Responsible Production), SDG 13 (Climate Action) and SDG 17 (Partnerships) by enabling human–machine collaboration and circular practices. This study emphasises that multi-stakeholder engagement is critical to achieve these outcomes. These findings hold strong potential to guide the ongoing OPEX transformations across Ibero-American organisations aiming to align with their global SDG benchmarks.
Practical implications – This study provides the guidelines to industries and policymakers on redesigning OPEX models to balance competitiveness with social and environmental responsibilities. This study offers the specific strategic directions that can support Ibero-American countries in incorporating I5.0 principles into their operational systems to support SDGs.
Originality/value – This paper offers one of the initial structured discussions that integrates OPEX, I5.0 principles and SDGs into a single framework, which is shifting the theoretical view of OPEX from a firmcentric process capability to a multi-stakeholder sustainability enabler
When ‘just compensation’ becomes just a word
No full textConsider the plight of farmers like Natha from the movie Peepli Live, who receives a government notice that their land is to be acquired for a public project. An award is subsequently passed and the compensation is formally recorded as “tendered.” However, they never actually receive compensation because it is deposited in the government treasury instead of their account, often delayed by disputes over land title, missing documentation, or administrative negligence
Indian Youth and Social Mobility: Changing Trajectories
No full textIndian young people are a huge global demographic. However, this set of people have not acquired the attention that they have deserved. There are numerous popular accounts of young people in literature and film, but there remains relatively little academic work on how young people in India are responding to increasing social inequalities, educational transformation and political upheavals. The papers in this Special Section of South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies go a small way towards addressing this gap. Each paper reflects the outcome of sustained fieldwork in different parts of Northern India. Each is written from a broadly critical perspective and seeks to elucidate issues of power, difference, hope and agency. In other ways, they are different, reflecting the different disciplinary training and specific interests of the author
Technology-Enabled Psychosocial Interventions for Climate-Affected Populations
No full textClimate change disasters like heat waves, wildfires, and floods are increasing psychological distress, especially in vulnerable communities. With 3.3 to 3.6 billion people in climate-sensitive regions, mental health concerns linked to displacement, financial instability, and livelihood loss are rising. This chapter explores the link between climate change and mental health, highlighting emerging conditions like depression, PTSD, and eco-anxiety. It emphasizes scalable digital mental health strategies to support traditional care and build resilience. Technology-enabled interventions like tele-counseling, mental health apps, online peer support platforms, and messaging services are examined in the disaster context. The chapter also addresses the barriers like infrastructure gaps, digital literacy, stigma, ethics, and data privacy. It reviews global and Indian policy efforts like Kiran Helpline, Tele-MANAS, Australia's MindSpot, and WHO's Step-by-Step, providing inclusive and culturally sensitive recommendations