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Non-performing assets, moral hazard and liquidity creation : evidence from Indian banks
No full textThis study looks into the incidence of the moral hazard hypothesis in the Indian banks using the liquidity creation concept. Liquidity creation measure is considered to be more inclusive and comprehensive in measuring the risk-taking of a bank. The study uses data from 2005 to 2019 extracted from the database of the Reserve Bank of India. A fixed-effect model with Driscoll and Kraay standard errors and system GMM is deployed to ascertain the association between liquidity creation and NPAs. This study determines a significantly positive relationship between NPAs and liquidity creation in public sector banks, but this relationship is not evident in private banks. This study testifies the moral hazard hypothesis in public sector bank. This study highlights the perils associated with the recent mergers in public sector banks and how 'too big to fail' might incentivise public banks to undertake more risks since there are already traces of the problem of moral hazard
Efficiency and adequacy of public health resources in achieving maternal health outcomes : the case of India
No full textWe examined the efficiency of the health system in improving maternal health outcomes, i.e. increasing institutional delivery (desirable output) and reducing the maternal mortality ratio (undesirable output). We used a nonradial, nonoriented Slack based measure data envelopment analysis model to assess the efficiency of the health system across 19 states of India between 2016 and 2020. The overall average efficiency score suggested potential for a 30% improvement in the health system efficiency in India, with only six states emerging as efficient. Interestingly, few states that were endowed with more than adequate health resources were inefficient. We find that resource constraint states such as Bihar and Jharkhand have emerged as efficient. To substantiate the use of undesirable adjusted model instead of the transformed model, we used the Wilcoxon ranked-signed test to estimate the statistical significance. We conclude that incorporating undesirable outputs while measuring efficiency is imperative. Our findings suggest that states that are inefficient with excess capacity should prioritize the efficient utilization of resources. Additionally, adequate resources should be allocated to resource constraints and efficient states such that they achieve better health outcomes. Furthermore, the diversification of health resources across levels of care could be a suggestive measure for some states
Influence of social capital on small firm performance : examining the role of paradoxical leadership and absorptive capacity
No full textPurpose
This paper aims to examine the impact of social capital on the performance of small firms and the role played by paradoxical leadership (encompassing both humility and narcissism) and absorptive capacity (ACAP) in affecting this relationship.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper uses multi-source cross-sectional survey data from 205 small automotive ancillary firms in Punjab, India. The data were analyzed using partial least squares-based structural equation modeling as well as the bootstrapping method (PROCESS macro in SPSS).
Findings
Paradoxical leadership moderates the relationship between social capital and ACAP. Further, potential absorptive capacity mediates the relationship between social capital and realized absorptive capacity (RACAP), which directly impacts firm performance. However, paradoxical leadership does not exhibit a significant moderating effect on the translation of potential to RACAP.
Originality/value
Firm leadership is crucial for the social capital and external knowledge absorption in resource-constrained small firms. This paper elucidates the role of paradoxical leadership (balance of chief executive officer (CEO) humility and CEO narcissism) in developing ACAP and for translating social capital into ACAP and finally firm performance. Apart from contributing to the literature at the nexus of leadership styles and ACAP, the paper also brings more clarity to the role played by paradoxical leadership in helping small firms take advantage of social capital in boosting their performance
The Influence of Virtual Currencies on Sustainable Service Marketing in Emerging Economies
No full textThe Chapter shall discuss the social implications of virtual currencies on sustainable service marketing in developing economies and, instead, analyse how digital currencies are transforming the pattern of financial inclusion, economic growth, and access to basic services, such as healthcare and education and energy. Beyond simple transactions, virtual currencies have helped provide new ways to circumvent high transaction costs, exclusion from finance, and lack of infrastructure. The new avenues to sustainable development come with the use of Central Bank Digital Currencies, decentralized finance, and blockchain technologies in virtual currencies. But still, some challenges persist in the form of digital literacy, regulatory frameworks, and robust security systems. Thus, the focus of the chapter will be on strategies for adoption, overcoming barriers, and maximizing social benefits in underserved regions toward inclusive economic growth and sustainable development
Designing a Blockchain-integrated security system with deep learning for IoT-based healthcare data protection
No full textThe paper introduces an innovative security framework using Blockchain technology and deep learning in securing patient monitoring and health data transmission with IoT, for the safety of devices in smart healthcare systems. The proposed system uses Blockchain and its distributed ledger that records all transactions related to a particular asset which can guarantee integrity, transparency, and non-repudiation of IoT device data via an immutable log. To improve security, deep learning and more specifically, convolutional neural network (CNN) is used to detect anomalies within the IoT network through device behaviour and data flow patterns analysis. Our experiments on a comprehensive healthcare testbed with multiple sensors attest to the high efficacy of the current approach in differentiating between normal and adversarial behaviour. Lastly, the performance of the proposed approach is validated and compared with existing recent studies based on metrics such as attack estimation rate (AER %) and accuracy (%), The results demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms existing studies in terms of performance
Anti-defection law and Supreme Court’s order for Telangana speaker : when the custodian refuses to act
No full text“The evil of political defections has been a matter of national concern. If it is not combated, it is likely to undermine the very foundations of our democracy.” These words from the Statement of Objects and Reasons of the Constitution (Fifty-Second Amendment) Bill, 1985, capture the spirit of the Tenth Schedule. Yet, four decades on, the anti-defection law is being weakened and bypassed not only by defections and resignations but also by omissions by the Speakers — the constitutional authority responsible for deciding anti-defection petitions
Signal enhancement and deconvolution based improved underwater 3D acoustic imaging with range extension
No full textDuring the reconstruction of underwater 3D acoustic images conventional beamforming introduces distortion in the form of broadening of objects in the image due to main lobe and spectral leakage due to side lobes of the beampattern. This distortion can be modeled as the convolution of the point spread function of the beamformer with the ideal image. To deconvolve this effect of beamforming, a deconvolution technique is used, namely Deconvolution Approach for Mapping Acoustic Sources (DAMAS). This enhances the angular resolution of the reconstructed underwater acoustic image over the raw image, but we have observed that it works only above a minimum input SNR of the received signal at the hydrophone sensors of the receiver array. We introduce a sensor level signal enhancement method to extend the effectiveness of the DAMAS method to lower SNRs, which is shown to be about 18dB lower for an illustrative case study. This alternately translates to an increase in the maximum imaging range upto which DAMAS based image enhancement technique remains effective. Sonar equation analysis is also reported which shows that the above input SNR enhancement maps to an increase of approximately 32% in the maximum imaging range
Keeping her in her Place : women loco-pilots negotiating masculine spatialities in Indian Railways
No full textIndian Railways are known to be one of the world’s largest railway networks (Kerr 2011). Train drivers, or locopilots, are among the most significant workers who keep this network running. In the Indian Railways, women started entering the loco-piloting profession in the 1980 s. As many women continued to join over the decades, one of the biggest challenges they faced was adapting to infrastructures that were originally designed for male workers. Even now, be it the control room, the engine cab, or even the resting rooms and toilets, hardly any spaces crucial to the loco-pilot’s work envision women as the primary users. As a result, women’s experiences of these masculine spaces involve constant negotiation with authorities, as well as social biases, to be able to drive trains and move ahead. This gets further complicated with the extremely mobile nature of the job, wherein women are constantly expected to move through different areas, thus bringing into question how the spatiality of mobility influences and gets influenced by gender. Using data gathered through non participant observation, indepth interviews, and secondary literature, this paper seeks to document and present women loco-pilots’ experiences of their work spaces, in order to throw light on the gendered relationship between spatiality and mobility in the context of transport workers’ lives
Mapping representation before the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea
Get PDFThe aim of this empirical study is to map the representation before the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) from 1997 to 2023, with a specific emphasis on oral proceedings. The dataset consists of background information on the identity of those appearing before ITLOS. To achieve this, various characteristics were coded, including the professional background, the gender, the nationality and the development status of the country of nationality. The study explores common assumptions, such as whether the oral proceedings are male dominated. It also investigates more specific hypotheses related to ITLOS as a specialized tribunal and whether this specialization results in any particularity in terms of representatio
Selecting Net-zero Energy Building Technology Using Hybrid BWM-TOPSIS Method
No full textNet zero energy building (NZEB) technologies offer a pathway to tackle the challenges of climate change resulting from greenhouse gas emissions. Diverse approaches and materials employed in constructing buildings can yield an effective system for storing and utilizing energy efficiently. The selection of NZEB technology has become pivotal, serving not only in the provision of clean energy solutions (Goal 7) but also in fostering a healthier climate (Goal 13) as integral to achieving the United Nations{\prime} sustainable development goals (UNSDGs). Hence, the focal point of this investigation is to propose appropriate benchmarks for selecting the most suitable technologies for NZEBs. This will be achieved through the application of the Best-Worst Method (BWM) to compute relative preferences of the eight selection criteria identified from the literature, followed by the evaluation of nine alternative technologies through the Technique For Order Preference By Similarity To the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) approach