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Taiwan In Global Discussions
Get PDFPresident Bongbong Marcos Jr.’s recent visit to India, from August 4 to 8, 2025, is seen as one of the “remarkably productive” visits. With over 13 bilateral agreements signed, the relationship between the two countries is being strengthened to a strategic level. The visit also resulted in a direct investment of USD 446 million and a potential of USD 5.7 billion in the future from Indian enterprises in the Philippines
Bridging digital skill gaps in the global workforce : a synthesis and conceptual framework building
Get PDFIndustries undergoing rapid digital transformation are facing a significant global challenge: a widening gap between required and available workforce digital skills. This study identifies key determinants of this gap and develops a comprehensive conceptual framework for mitigation. The research adopted a mixed-methods strategy, integrating expert insights through interviews and a PRISMA-informed systematic review of existing literature. The findings identify critical enablers, including accessible digital infrastructure, targeted investments in skilling, inclusive policies, government-led digital literacy initiatives, industry-aligned curricula, and organizational digital maturity. In contrast, key barriers include limited access to quality educational resources, outdated curricula, high infrastructure costs, and inadequate regulatory support. Further, integrating the Resource-Based View and Technology Acceptance Model, Technology–Organization–Environment frameworks, we propose a novel conceptual model capturing organizational and individual factors influencing skill acquisition. This framework elucidates the complex dynamics driving digital skill gaps and provides actionable guidance for designing inclusive, future ready upskilling strategies. Our findings offer vital insights for researchers, HR leaders, educators, and policymakers building resilient, digitally competent workforces for Industry 4.0 and beyond
Electronic Word-of-Mouth and Changes in Green Food Consumption Behavior in Hanoi : from online reviews to actual purchasing behavior
Get PDFGreen food consumption has become increasingly critical in the context of sustainable development and public health, particularly in emerging economies like Vietnam. Despite rising awareness, adoption of green food remains limited, partly due to gaps in understanding the behavioral drivers influencing consumer choices. This study addresses a key research gap by examining how electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM)—specifically its trustworthiness and frequency—alongside belief in green food benefits, subjective norms, and consumer attitudes, affect the intention to purchase and actual behavior of green food consumers in Hanoi. Prior research has not adequately explored how these digital and psychological factors interplay within the Vietnamese urban context. A quantitative survey was conducted with 589 residents in Hanoi, and data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Findings reveal that all examined factors significantly and positively influence purchase intention, with frequency of eWOM exerting the strongest effect. Furthermore, purchase intention significantly predicts actual purchase behavior. These insights provide practical implications for stakeholders aiming to promote green food consumption and contribute to a more nuanced understanding of consumer behavior in digitally connected, urban environments of emerging markets
Efficiency and Productivity of Public Health Expenditures in Reducing Child Mortality in Emerging Market Economies
No full textIn this study, we measure the efficiency and productivity of public health expenditures in improving child mortality outcomes in ten major emerging economies of the world. We use bootstrap data envelopment analysis (DEA) and the bootstrap Malmquist productivity index (MPI) to measure the progress of efficiency and productivity from 2010–2020. Furthermore, we test the statistical significance of the progress in efficiency and productivity using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. For robustness of the efficiency and productivity estimates, we report the confidence intervals and test the statistical significance of the scores across countries. The average bias-corrected overall technical efficiency score of 0.3381 suggests that if inefficiency could be eliminated, child survival could be improved by 66% in these countries. The MPI results suggest that over the study period, on average, productivity improved for all these nations except for Saudi Arabia and South Korea. At the policy level, the study suggested that an increase in health expenditure is not sufficient to improve health outcomes unless efficiency and productivity are achieved
Identifying Input Excess and Output Shortfall in the Indian Health Systems Using Non-radial Slack Based Data Development Analysis
No full textWe analyse the efficiency of India’s health system by assessing input excesses and output shortfalls, specifically focusing on government health expenditure, health personnel, and public hospital against the infant survival rate as output. Using time-series data from 2014-15 to 2019-20 of 21 states, our non-radial, non-oriented, Slack-Based Measure Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model yields an average efficiency score of 84%, highlighting significant potential for improvement. Bihar showed efficiency despite resource constraints, while Himachal Pradesh remained inefficient. These findings suggest reallocating resources to health services in underperforming states and encourage collaboration with the private sector in states like Kerala and West Bengal, which have higher private expenditure. This study uniquely employs slack-based DEA to compare India’s health system during the specified period
Institutional belonging : the role of social capital
No full textThis chapter examines the concept of institutional belonging within higher education, emphasising the role of social capital in shaping students’ experiences. Social capital is presented to be multifaceted from which students can mobilise and access a range of support, including informational, social, financial, aspirational, and more. This chapter, while recognising the integral role of social capital in accessing and progressing through university, advocates for further nuance to foster equity and inclusion within higher education. It addresses the paradox between a university’s role in promoting and exacerbating belongingness by upholding rigid, tacit, and dominant archetypes of value systems and expectations of a university student. The idealised understanding of a university student and the capital they bring with them are critiqued, and the need for a broader understanding of social capital to include non dominant and non-traditional ways of thriving and belonging is underscored. It cautions against policies and interventions based on compensating for students’ perceived deficits and instead recommends opportunities that encourage autonomy and agency among its diverse student community. The chapter uses comics from Aaina, an initiative in India, to communicate educational research as a method of developing a shared understanding of the range of experiences vis-à-vis student belonging and social capital in higher education
Life Cycle Assessment and Cost Analysis of Fly Ash
Get PDFThis chapter reviews the environmental and industrial implications of fly ash (FA) produced from coal and biomass based power plants. We provide an outline of the types of FA used in industrial applications such as coal fly ash (CFA), rice husk ash (RHA), and bagasse ash (BA). We also discuss the environmental risks associated with improper disposal of FAs. This chapter also emphasizes the importance of the life cycle assessment (LCA) framework as a critical tool for identifying environmental hotspots and guiding sustainable practices in the management and utilization of FA. This chapter further discusses the application of FA in various sectors, including construction, embankments, landfilling, and adsorbents, assessing their potential to reduce carbon footprints and promote a circular economy. Finally, this chapter concludes with the need for innovative approaches to repurpose FAs, minimize their environmental impact, and enhance sustainability in industrial practices
Analyzingthe Impact of InternationalE-commerce Regulations and WTOFrameworks on Corporate Governance in Digital Enterprises
Get PDFThis research analyzes the intersection of international e-commerce law and corporate governance practices of digital companies, with a particular focus on the role of WTO legal instruments. The goal of the research is to analyze how international trade rules, both binding and non-binding, influence governance practices and compliance choices of digital companies whose operations span multiple jurisdictions. The research is motivated by the growing complexity of international digital trade and the limits of traditional legal systems to address regulatory challenges such as data sovereignty, cross-border consumer protection, and accountability of platforms. Using doc-trial legal research methodology along with comparative methods, the study explores international normative texts, regional instruments, and governance practices from selected jurisdictions. The study employs a critical review process with legal instruments and corporate practices to uncover areas of influence and gaps in governance innovation. The findings of the study demonstrate that while WTO frameworks impose normative constraints on corporate behavior, there is increasing regulatory fragmentation, shifting enforcement practices,and asymmetries in governance across developed and developing economies because of the lack of binding global standards. The studymakes recommendations for legal harmonization and improved regulatory coordination to enhance governance in digital companies and enable fair participation for digital enterprises in the global digital econom
Gender in India’s Indo-Pacific foreign policy : a critical analysis of the act east policy and the quadrilateral security dialogue (quad)
No full textIndia’s strategic engagement in the Indo-Pacific, underscored by its Act East Policy (AEP) and participation in the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Quad), has established it as a key proponent of regional stability, maritime security, and economic cooperation. These initiatives primarily address traditional security and economic interests, and gender dynamics remain a secondary consideration in India’s foreign policy framework. This paper investigates the intersection of gender and security within India’s Indo-Pacific strategies, arguing that integrating gender inclusivity into India’s policies can enhance its leadership and broaden the scope of regional and global security outcomes. Through a gender lens, this paper assesses India’s foreign policy efforts, particularly through the AEP and the Quad, analysing how these frameworks can address non traditional security challenges such as human trafficking, climate change, and public health crises – issues that disproportionately impact women and other marginalised communities. The study utilises feminist theories of International Relations, the notion of strongman politics, and qualitative policy analysis to make recommendations for gender sensitive policy making
Navigating Urban Air Pollution : trends and climate links in indian megacities
No full textAir pollution remains one of the most critical environmental challenges in India, particularly in urban regions where rapid industrialization, population growth, and escalating energy demands have significantly deteriorated air quality. Addressing these challenges requires a deeper understanding of pollution trends and the factors driving them in urban areas. This study examines the spatiotemporal trends of key criteria air pollutants PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, CO, and O3 and their association with climatic factors across four major Indian megacities: Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, and Chennai, using data from the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) for the years 2018 to 2022. Statistical techniques such as the Pearson correlation, Mann–Kendall trend analysis, and generalized extreme value (GEV) analysis were employed to evaluate pollutant variability and association with meteorology. Particulate matter dominates the pollution profile, with average concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 reaching up to 108 and 215.1 µg/m3, respectively, while extreme events in Delhi recorded monthly maxima exceeding 344 and 536 µg/m3, respectively. Seasonal patterns indicate peak pollution during winters due to stable atmospheric conditions, whereas monsoons show significant reductions owing to wet deposition. Although pollutant levels are higher than the permissible standards in most cases, the overall pollution trend is declining in all other megacities except Mumbai, which has substantially higher concentrations, necessitating targeted interventions. Alongside ground-based observations, annual emission trends from the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) were used to assess inter-annual changes and regional distribution patterns of pollutants. Additionally, meteorological factors negatively correlate with pollutant levels, highlighting the importance of tailoring mitigation strategies to local climatology. This research offers critical insights for designing region-specific mitigation strategies to achieve sustainable air quality improvements