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‘No one ever asked for my suggestions…’: photo-elicitation with forcibly-displaced Rohingya about humanitarian responses to mass displacement in Cox’s Bazar
Full text linkSince 2017, more than 600 000 Rohingya have sought refuge in Bangladesh, as Forcibly Displaced Myanmar Nationals (FDMN), in registered camps or improvised settlements in Cox’s Bazar. Although humanitarian responses have significantly improved in the past decades, coordination gaps remain between health and non-health sectors (eg, little is known about the impacts of shelter or protection responses on refugee health). We thus aimed to explore FDMN perspectives on issues affecting their health to help inform health system responses to mass displacement in Cox’s Bazar. We conducted photo-elicitation interviews with 39 FDMN in Kutupalong and Balukhali camps. Each participant–researcher pair photographed three to five images of participants’ lived environment, then participants described each photograph and why chosen in interviews. We analysed data thematically. Participants reflected daily difficulties and indignities, due to open sewerage and limited potable water, alongside health and safety risks (eg, flimsy and insecure shelters, gas leaks), particularly for children, older people and those with special needs. Health services were reportedly basic and sometimes unfriendly. Participants advocated for health and safety improvements, providing photographic evidence of the risks they experienced daily. Photo-elicitation was valuable for visualising participants’ daily lives and provided participants with a means to advocate for improvements in undignified and risky living conditions. Interviews enabled articulation of perceived effects on physical and mental health and recurrent themes of ‘abandonment’, with limited services and few pathways for change. Highlighting Rohingya experiences can help identify ways to improve living conditions, services and well-being
India’s Use Of Agricultural Subsidies Within The WTO Framework: The Debate Between Liberalization And Protectionism
Full text linkThe use of agricultural subsidies by India and other developing countries has remained and continues to remain one of the most contentious issues within the WTO (World Trade Organization) framework. In India, agriculture has been closely linked to food security, rural life and poverty alleviation. The paper examines India’s use of agricultural subsidies in detail and connects it to the broader debate within WTO between liberalization and protectionism. The paper begins by highlighting the basic subsidy framework under WTO, particularly explaining the SCM agreement in detail. The paper then moves forward and discusses India’s use of agricultural subsidies by highlighting the areas within Indian agriculture wherein public investment has played and continues to play a crucial role. The third section of the paper focuses on the contentions raised by WTO and the arguments provided by India to defend its position. The last section of the paper seeks to answer as to what extent is India justified in its use of agricultural subsidies, however subject to the WTO framework rules
Reimagining Treaty Interpretation: The Growing Influence of Human Rights in International Investment Law
No full textThe existing global investment regulatory framework consists of human rights responsibility areas requiring essential progress for implementation of enforcement as well as judicial systems. Judicial along with state practices relating to human rights factors come under analysis through legal studies about human rights access in international investment law when investment treaty provisions undergo interpretation in investor dispute resolution systems. The study evaluates human rights standards which concern health rights and property rights and labour rights and environmental rights by analysing legal academic research and international treaty provisions regarding their implementation within investment arbitrations. States retain their fundamental human rights responsibilities toward investors despite the current investor protections related to fairness and expropriation which still apply. The recognition of human rights protection in the investment law remains incompatible due to the provisions found in international treaties, which interconnect with international human rights standards in tribunal decisions. The paper introduces synthetic recommendations to establish legal ties between public interest areas through enhanced treaty wording and extended assessment techniques for non-investor groups during dispute resolution system reforms to safeguard investment protection dignity. By applying these methods both social justice principles and human dignity standards gain thorough protection
Electronic Medical Records for Maternal and Child Health Care: A Bibliometric Study
No full textElectronic medical records (EMRs) are critical, highly sensitive private information in health sector, and manage patient health information. The purpose of the study identifies a unique opportunity to develop a secure for maternal child health care. This work uses the Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases to analyse the most productive authors, journals, institutions, and countries, as well as the most cited papers and the citing articles. The investigation used bibliometric analysis to identify the bibliographic data from 501 articles published from 2011 and 2025 and implementation of EMRs for maternal and child healthcare. Based on the findings, the issue is multifaceted and involves various stakeholders, including health care providers, patients, and technological issues within the health sectors. The proposed work can significantly reduce the turnaround time for EMRs sharing, improve decision making for medical care, and reduce the overall cost of medical instruments
Way to environment-friendly business- rethinking the smartphone industry
No full textThe present study examines Ethical Phone Inc.’s approach to producing environmentally sustainable smartphones. Operating within a niche market, the company’s business model is distinctive and remains largely underexplored within the wider smartphone industry. Given the absence of third-party verification and the evolving nature of its operations, the analysis relies primarily on company-generated data to assess the model. Addressing this gap, the study offers an original evaluation of Ethical Phone Inc.’s sustainable business practices, complemented by stakeholder perspectives. Using a case study methodology, the research draws on both primary and secondary sources, with particular emphasis on Ethical Phone Inc.’s Impact Reports. Data were compiled into a comprehensive dataset and analysed using NVivo, followed by manual refinement to identify key themes and theoretical insights. To strengthen validity, a focus group of seven experts, including company representatives, reverse logistics specialists, circular economy consultants, industry marketing professionals, and sustainability academics, critically assessed the firm’s strategies and their scalability. The findings indicate that Ethical Phone Inc.’s model aligns closely with Stakeholder Theory, the Triple Bottom Line, and Circular Economy principles. While the model demonstrates significant transformative potential for the smartphone industry, the study also identifies systemic barriers to wider adoption, including planned obsolescence, rapidly evolving consumer preferences, high ethical sourcing costs, and limited reverse logistics infrastructure. Ultimately, the study outlines pathways for broader industry adoption, including incremental modularity, collective sourcing mechanisms, supportive regulatory frameworks, and enhanced consumer engagement
Der Antichrist im indischen antikolonialen Diskurs
No full textThe present chapter examines the reception of Nietzsche’s thought in colonial India, highlighting how his ideas were interpreted and transferred by Indian thinkers within the context of anti-colonial nationalism. During British colonial rule, India underwent significant social and religious transformations, with religion being increasingly politicized to mobilize resistance against colonial domination. Indian intellectuals such as Benoy Kumar Sarkar, Shankar Ramachandra Rajwade, and Bal Gangadhar Tilak engaged with Nietzsche’s concepts-including the Übermensch, his critique of asceticism, and his rejection of Christianity—to further their own agendas. Nietzsche’s critique of asceticism was interpreted as a call for political activism, while his rejection of Christianity was understood as a repudiation of colonial influence and a reassertion of indigenous culture. However, Nietzsche’s ideas were often selectively interpreted, and his later association with National Socialism contributed to a critical stance toward his philosophy in Indian academic circles. Bhim Rao Ambedkar, for instance, criticized Hinduism as potentially fascist and saw Nietzsche’s Übermensch as connected to totalitarian ideologies. This chapter demonstrates how Nietzsche’s philosophy was received in India in a manner distinct from its original European context
Use of Mind Maps in Learning Humanities by Higher Education Students
No full textThe study aims to determine the influence of mind maps on teaching humanities to higher education students and to identify their potential for improving analytical, reflective, and cognitive skills. The research employed a comprehensive methodology combining standardized testing (Watson–Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal, Reflective Practice Questionnaire, Coping Flexibility Scale–Revised), questionnaire survey, structured observation, and statistical methods such as analysis of variance (ANOVA), correlation analysis, and paired t-test. The empirical sample comprised 120 students majoring in humanities, randomly divided into control and experimental groups, which ensured the validity and reliability of the obtained results. The study lasted for two academic semesters and included pre-testing, experimental intervention, and post-testing. The results showed that 80% of students recognized the high effectiveness of mind maps in structuring and organizing learning materials, while 75% confirmed a noticeable improvement in critical and reflective thinking. The mean value in the Adaptive Coping category increased from 3.45 to 4.30, and in Self-Appraisal – from 3.00 to 4.00, while the effect size ranged from 0.70 to 0.80, confirming a statistically significant influence on learning outcomes. Mind maps also contributed to cognitive flexibility, interdisciplinary integration, and higher student engagement in the educational process. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the empirical verification of the long-term cognitive, reflective, and integrative effects of mind maps, confirmed for the first time in the context of humanities education. The research introduces a pedagogical model for integrating mind maps into university courses, offering a new perspective on the interaction between visual, analytical, and critical thinking. The practical significance lies in applying mind maps as an effective educational tool to enhance comprehension, structure knowledge, and improve students’ autonomy, motivation, and cognitive activity in higher education
