Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities
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Analyzing the Relationship Between Inflation and Unemployment in Afghanistan (2003-2021)
Get PDFInflation and unemployment are two key elements in any market economy, and their relationship significantly impacts socio-economic conditions. This study examines the connection between Afghanistan\u27s unemployment and inflation, providing crucial information for macroeconomic policymakers. The study explores the applicability of the Phillips Curve in Afghanistan\u27s specific economic context. This study employs the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method to analyze data gathered from 2003 to 2021, aiming to identify patterns and relationships that may guide economic policy decisions. The results indicate a positive relationship between inflation and unemployment. However, this relationship is statistically insignificant, and there is no proof to substantiate the presence of a Phillips Curve in Afghanistan. This lack of alignment with traditional economic models underscores the necessity for tailored economic policies to address the specific challenges faced by the Afghan economy. The study highlights the importance of understanding local economic dynamics and suggests that policymakers should explore alternative approaches to managing inflation and unemployment, ultimately fostering sustainable economic growth
Assessing the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Learning Process of Computer Science Students at Nangarhar University
Get PDFArtificial intelligence (AI) has significantly transformed various sectors, particularly in education, where it has had a profound impact on the learning processes of Computer Science students. This study explores the effects of AI on students at Nangarhar University, specifically examining how AI tools enhance learning, academic progress, and professional development. A quantitative approach was employed, collecting data from 217 Computer Science students via a structured questionnaire. The findings reveal that 92.17% of students are familiar with AI, with ChatGPT being the most commonly used tool (88.48%). AI has notably improved students\u27 learning experiences, particularly in areas like problem-solving (41.94%), resource searching (22.58%), professional knowledge enhancement (21.66%), and data analysis (12.44%). Most respondents (92.16%) reported improved learning experiences due to AI integration. AI fosters motivation, independent thinking, and stress management. However, challenges were identified, including reduced interest in traditional study methods (43.78%), diminished innovation (18.43%), concerns over data accuracy (17.05%), and privacy risks (4.61%). Despite these challenges, the overall sentiment toward AI is mainly positive, with students acknowledging its transformative role in education. The study concludes that while AI offers substantial benefits in enhancing learning, addressing the challenges and risks associated with its integration into the educational system is crucial to ensure its effective and responsible use
The Role of Peace Journalism in Mitigating Violence in Afghanistan: A Journalist’s Perspective
Get PDFThis research explores the role of peace journalism in mitigating violence in Afghanistan by examining the perspectives of Kabul’s Journalists. The study has two main objectives: to understand how peace journalism can help mitigate various forms of violence (structural, cultural, direct, ethnic, and religious) in Afghanistan and to assess the level of familiarity among journalists in Kabul with the concept of peace journalism. The study framework incorporates the theories of agenda-setting, gatekeeping, and Galtung’s peace journalism model. A survey method was employed for the research, and data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The questionnaires were distributed to 287 journalists working in Kabul\u27s media selected through a multi-stage cluster sampling method. According to statistics provided by media support organizations, are 1,011 journalists actively working in Kabul. Using Cochran\u27s formula, the required sample size was determined to be 278; thus, this number of questionnaires was distributed and successfully collected. The research findings indicated that employing peace journalism in media reporting can reduce violence in Afghanistan. However, the study reveals that journalists in Kabul have limited familiarity with peace journalism. Additionally, there is a significant positive relationship between journalists’ educational levels, work experience, and familiarity with peace journalism. The research further highlights that peace journalism can reduce structural, cultural, and direct violence in Afghanistan. However, it has little to no impact on mitigating ethnic and religious violence in the country
Exploring the Influencing Factors of Rural-to-Urban Migration in Kandahar from 2001 to 2021
Get PDFRural-to-urban migration is the movement of people from rural areas to urban areas in search of improved living conditions, employment opportunities, education, healthcare, and other services. The study draws on the push-pull migration theory and related literature to establish a conceptual framework for understanding population movements driven by structural challenges. This research starts with an introduction to the rural-to-urban migration in Afghanistan particularly the last two decades. Despite increased rural-to-urban migration in Kandahar between 2001 and 2021, there remains a significant research gap in understanding the specific socio-political, economic, and security-related factors that uniquely influenced this trend within the regional context. This quantitative research is based on primary information collected through a survey of 449 families in 15 districts of Kandahar City who urbanized from 2001 to 2021. The study is conducted in a quantitative research format and the data analysis is performed through SPSS software. Following this, the analysis demonstrates how the rapid rural migration to urban centers in Kandahar, southern Afghanistan is attributed to several factors, particularly conflict (42.00%) unemployment (34.90%), and drought (10.2%). More than half of the respondents preferred to settle permanently in Kandahar City instead of moving back to their villages. So, the findings imply that sustainable urban planning and targeted rural development policies are essential to address the long-term needs of displaced populations in Kandahar, as migration is increasingly driven by chronic structural challenges rather than temporary conflict
An Empirical Analysis of Trade Openness and Economic Growth in South Asian Countries
Get PDFThis study analyzes the impact of trade openness on economic growth in selected South Asian countries, namely Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, India, and Pakistan, over the period 2002-2022. Panel data analysis techniques are utilized to investigate the relationship between trade openness and economic growth. Based on the Hausman test result, the fixed-effects model is determined to be the most appropriate one. The empirical analysis of the fixed-effects model reveals that trade openness has a positive and statistically significant effect on GDP, with a one percent increase in trade openness leading to an average increase of 0.87 percent in GDP. Population growth also exhibits a positive and statistically significant impact on GDP, with a one percent increase in population leading to a 0.58 percent increase in GDP. However, the exchange rate has a positive but statistically insignificant impact on GDP, while inflation has a negative but statistically insignificant impact on GDP in the selected South Asian countries. The findings of this paper highlight the potential growth benefits of increased trade openness in South Asian countries. The study recommends policies aimed at reducing trade barriers, improving trade infrastructure, and promoting regional integration to realize these benefits
Impact of Capital Structure on Firms Performance: Evidence From Sample Nests Emerging Countries
Get PDFMaking correct and effective decisions on the capital structure by influencing capital costs can play an important role in improving the company\u27s performance and increasing its value. Therefore, companies considering the capital structure important, by using an effective combination of financing sources, seek to achieve their main goals, which is to maximize the value of the company. This study aims to investigate the impact of capital structure on the performance of companies operating in the five sample NEST emerging countries (Poland, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Saudi Arabia, and Chile) throughout 2010-2019. In this study, a multiple regression model has been used to examine the effects of high financial leverage on company performance. In this paper for defining the capital structure each of the short-term debt (STD) and long-term debt (LTD) indicators and for the operating performance of mentioned companies, each of the indicators of return on asset (ROA), return on equity (ROE), and earnings before interest, tax, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA) margin have been used. The findings of this study show that the financial leverage and performance of these companies in all sample NEST emerging countries are negatively associated; any increase in the level of debt in the capital structure of these companies causes damage to their operating performance and lowers the value of mentioned firms
Teacher–Student Rapport and Its Influence on English Language Learning Outcomes: Perceptions of Laghman University English Majors
Get PDFThe teacher–student relationship is a vital component of students’ academic success and overall learning experience, fostering a safe and supportive classroom environment. Despite extensive international evidence on the benefits of teacher–student rapport, there is a lack of research on how this rapport specifically affects English language learning outcomes at Laghman University within the Afghan cultural context. This study aims to explore the impacts of teacher–student rapport on English language learning outcomes at the English Department of Laghman University, Afghanistan. A quantitative research design was employed to collect and analyze data. Data were gathered through a 35-item questionnaire distributed to 172 students, of whom 119 responded. Descriptive statistics, including mean and standard deviation, were calculated using SPSS version 26, and regression and correlation analyses were conducted to examine the relationship and impact of rapport on English language learning outcomes. The findings revealed that positive teacher–student rapport significantly enhanced English language learning outcomes, with key improvements such as increased motivation, greater classroom engagement, reduced anxiety, and enhanced self-confidence. The study adds to the literature on educational psychology and teaching methodology within Afghan higher education and offers practical suggestions for teachers, educators, and institutions to foster positive relationships and create a safer, more supportive learning environment
The Impact of Trade Openness on Economic Growth of South Asian Countries
Get PDFThis research analyzes how trade openness affects the economic growth of South Asian countries from 1980 to 2023. With annual panel data from eight South Asian countries, the study applies sophisticated econometric methods to analyze both short-term and long-term equilibrium relationships. Some of the key approaches include panel unit root tests (Levin-Lin-Chu, Im-Pesaran-Shin), Pedroni and Kao cointegration tests, Johansen Fisher cointegration approach, and Vector Error Correction Model. Trade openness is defined as the level of total trade (exports + imports) %of GDP, while economic growth is represented by GDP per capita. The analysis shows a positive long-run relationship between trade openness and economic growth within the region, confirming that open trade policies increase productivity and growth via specialization, technology transfer, and market expansion opportunities. VECM results suggest there’s unidirectional causality from trade openness towards economic growth in the long run which means liberal trade policies unconditionally boost economy. These conclusions are consistent regardless of different model specifications and control variables used. By emphasizing preserving open trade boundaries constructs strong evidence for policymakers on why they should sustain developed regions with extensive free-trade agreements. Through this research, policymakers appreciate the need for maintaining open trade regimes and developing complementary strategies like improving infrastructure, lowering trade barriers, and enhancing institutional capacity to fully harness the economic advantages of trade
The Role of Social Capital in Social Happiness: A Case Study of Youth Aged 18-40 in Kabul
Get PDFSocial capital and social happiness are both considered fundamental assets of any society, as these two crucial assets are recognized as drivers of growth and development. Therefore, the primary aim of the present study is to sociologically examine the role of social capital in social happiness among young people aged 18 to 40 in Kabul. This research employs a quantitative method, adopts a descriptive-explanatory approach, and is conducted through a survey. The sample size of the study was determined to be 384 individuals based on the Cochran formula and Morgan table, with participants selected through random and convenience sampling. Data were collected using the standard Oxford University questionnaire for social happiness and the Putnam (1999) questionnaire for social capital, measured on a Likert scale. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software version 26. The findings indicated that both social happiness and social capital among respondents were below average. Additionally, education, gender, and marital status had a significant relationship with respondents\u27 social happiness, while age and occupation showed no significant difference. Moreover, respondents\u27 social capital, both overall and in its dimensions, had a direct and significant relationship with their social happiness. Regression test results also revealed that social capital alone explained approximately 24% of the variance in social happiness among these young people. The overall conclusion of the study is that social capital significantly determines the social happiness of young people, and therefore, scientific and practical policies need to be implemented to enhance social capital and increase social happiness among the country\u27s youth
Impact of Fuel Price Hikes on the Economic Sustainability of Msmes in Benue State: The Moderating Role of Energy-Efficient Technology
Get PDFThis study examines the impact of fuel price hikes on the economic sustainability of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Benue State, Nigeria, and assesses the moderating role of energy-efficient technologies. Conducted across the three senatorial districts of Benue State, the study utilized a survey research design with a sample of 400 MSME owners and operators, and data collected through structured questionnaires. For data analysis, the study employed descriptive statistics and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to explore relationships among variables and test the proposed hypotheses. The findings reveal that fuel price hikes have a significant negative effect on the economic sustainability of MSMEs. Furthermore, energy-efficient technologies were found to positively influence MSME sustainability. However, these technologies did not significantly moderate the negative impact of fuel price hikes. Based on these findings, several policy recommendations were proposed: the establishment of a Fuel Cost Stabilization Fund for MSMEs by the Federal Government; the launch of a State-Level Energy Efficiency Initiative in Benue State; the development of green finance products for MSMEs by financial institutions; the enhancement of technical and managerial capacity among MSMEs for effective technology adoption; and the promotion of context-specific energy innovation through university-industry partnerships