Asian Journal of Research in Animal and Veterinary Sciences
Not a member yet
374 research outputs found
Sort by
Effect of Storage Material and Time on the Internal and External Quality of Table Eggs
No full textThe objectives of this study was to evaluate the effect of storage time and storage material on the internal and external quality of table eggs, as well as comparing improved egg storage practice technologies with the local practices. The study was done in four different districts and included three treatments (T1=oil coated eggs stored in plastic only, T2=eggs stored in plastic with straw and T3=eggs stored in Zenbil with straw). About 240 eggs from Bovans Brown chickens laid after 4 hours was used and ten eggs were allocated to each of the three treatments, replicated eight times. Sunflower oil was used to coat the shell of the eggs in T2. Generally, eggs were stored for 16 days and 45 days. Therefore, at 45 days of storage, oil coated eggs were heavier than non-coated eggs. Similarly, coated eggs and eggs stored in plastic recorded higher haugh unit (HU) than eggs stored in Zenbil. Hence, eggs can be stored for 45 days at farmer management level in plastic containers with straw than local materials without affecting the internal and external quality
Evaluating the Impact of Abattoir Waste as an Alternative Protein Source on Broiler Meat Quality
No full textQuality characteristics of muscle foods are influenced by muscle appearance, color, texture, juiciness, mouth feel characteristics and tenderness. These quality parameters depend on many predetermining factors affecting the live animal before being converted from muscle to meat. This study was designed to evaluate the nutritional quality of broiler muscle-fed abattoir waste as an alternative protein. This evaluation includes proximate analysis, palatability and microbial load. A total of 150-day-old Ross breed chicks were used for the experiment. The significance of using abattoir waste as an alternative protein source lies in its potential to reduce feed costs, minimize environmental waste, and provide a sustainable and nutritionally viable option for improving broiler meat quality. Abattoir waste was sourced from a nearby abattoir\u27s waste management and the wastes used were blood, bones, rumen contents, horns, and hooves. The experiment was conducted by producing five dietary treatments which consisted of: Treatment 1: Compounded feed with abattoir waste at 5%; Treatment 2: Compounded feed with abattoir waste at 10%; Treatment 3: Compounded feed with abattoir waste at 15%; Treatment 4: Compounded feed with abattoir waste at 20%; and Treatment 5: Compounded feed with abattoir. The experimental design was completely randomized (CRD) and all the data collected were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the procedure of SAS (2010). Statistically significant observed means were compared using the Tukey test of the same package at a 5% probability level. The results of this research work revealed that the inclusion of abattoir wastes in broiler feed affects the chicken meat positively in treatment 1 (5%) and treatment 5(0%) since they gave the best quality of broiler muscles
Development of Bovine Embryo Culture System for Maintaining Genetic Identity of Embryos
No full textCumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) recovered during an ovum pick-up (OPU) session from a cow is low (1 to 15 COCs). Moreover, mixing of two or more cows COCs to increase total number in a culture droplet will loss the genetic identity of embryos. The present study was aimed to develop a culture system suitable for culture of smaller number of COCs (less than 10 COCs). Slaughterhouse bovine ovaries were used for the experiment. Aspirated oocytes possessing an even cytoplasm and covered with minimum 3 layers of compact cumulus cell were subjected to in vitro maturation (IVM) followed by in vitro fertilization (IVF) using fresh semen capacitated by treating with heparin sodium salt. Cumulus cells were removed by gentle pipetting and denuded zygotes were subjected to in vitro culture (IVC) for blastocyst development. Cleavage rates were evaluated at day 3 (day 0: day of IVF) and blastocyst rate at day 8 as a proportion of the presumed zygote transferred into IVC-I medium. Results show that development rate up to cleavage did not affect by COCs densities. Single COCs did not reach to the blastocyst stage when cultured individually. The development rate to the blastocyst stage was 13.9±9.0%, 10.8±4.9% and 16.6±3.9% for 3, 5, and 10 COCs groups, respectively. The GPS group culture allowed the smaller numbers of COCs (1, 2, 3 and 4 COC per chamber) to develop at blastocyst stage. The present experiment developed in vitro embryo production system for small number of bovine oocytes
Supplementation Value of Cinnamomum ceylon Powder on Growth Performance, Serum Metabolites, Antioxidant Activities and Meat Analysis of Broiler Chickens
No full textThis study examined the effect of Cinnamomum ceylon powder (CCP) supplementation on growth performance, serum metabolites, antioxidant activities and meat analysis of broiler chickens. A total of 128 day old broiler chicks were randomly allocated into 4 treatments with 4 replicates of 8 birds each as follows: Diet 1 (control) Diet 2 (diet supplemented with 0.2% Cinnamomum ceylon powder), Diet 3 (diet supplemented with 0.4% Cinnamomum ceylon powder) Diet 4 (diet supplemented with 0.6% Cinnamomum ceylon powder) using a Completely Randomized Design. The dietary CCP supplementation significantly (P<0.05) increased the final live-weight, bodyweight, feedintake of the broiler chickens compared to those fed the control diet during the feeding trial. The CCP supplementation significantly (P<0.05) reduced the glucose and cholesterol levels of broiler chickens fed 0.4 and 0.6% CCP supplementation compared to those fed the control diet. No significant difference were observed in the measured aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), triglyceride and creatinine. The broiler chicken fed diets supplemented with CCP had higher (P<0.05), total serum glutathione peroxidase and catalase compared to those fed the control diet. The concentration of muscle cholesterol and lipid peroxidation reduced significantly (P<0.05) in the birds fed CCP supplemented diets compared to those fed the control diet. In conclusion, this study has shown that CCP can be used up to 0.6% as an alternative antibiotic growth promoter supplement in the broiler diet to improve performance, antioxidant capacity to scavenge free radicals and other reactive species besides lower meat cholesterol level and lipid peroxidation
Antiviral Efficacy of Neem, Garlic, and Ginger Extracts on Newcastle Disease Virus in Poultry: Impact of Concentration and Heat Treatment
No full textAims: Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a paramyxovirus that causes significant mortality rates in poultry, often known as Newcastle disease or Ranikhet. This virus has the potential to inflict serious economic losses on farmers. As there is no effective therapy for NDV infection, the current research investigated the efficiency of medicinal plant extracts against this virus.
Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted at the Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, and Pharmacology and the Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), Bangladesh, during a period from January to April 2017.
Methodology: Plant samples (neem bark, neem leaf, garlic, and ginger) were collected from the medicinal garden of CVASU. Samples were ground, and 300 g of ground samples were mixed with distilled water in a 1:5 ratio. Mixtures were stirred for 1 hour by an electric stirrer (1000 rpm) and left overnight. All the mixtures were filtrated through Whatmanno. 1 filter paper separately. Finally, aqueous extracts were prepared from the filtrated sample with the help of a round bottom flask of a rotator vacuum evaporator. Then, the extracts were categorized into different groups to determine the possible effects of extract concentration and heat treatment on the antiviral potential of plant extracts. The plant extract was mixed with viable NDV (8 HA; field strain) and kept at 27.3 °C for 30 minutes. To determine virus inactivation, a 0.2-ml mixture was inoculated into nine-day-old embryonated chicken eggs and incubated. After 48 hours, the allantoic fluid was harvested, and a hemagglutination (HA) assay was performed to determine the virus HA titer.
Results: The antiviral effect of plant extract is described in terms of HA titers, specifically the geometric mean titer (GMT). The lower GMT titer value of the plant extract showed higher antiviral activity. However, Neem is more efficient against NDV than other extracts (garlic and ginger). The antiviral activities of these extracts can vary due to the concentration and heat treatment (autoclave) of the extracts. The antiviral potency of all plant extracts declines with decreasing concentration. Heat treatment significantly (p = 0.02) decreases the plant\u27s extract antiviral efficacy.
Conclusion: This study suggests the potential use of common local medicinal plants to treat Newcastle disease in poultry, although active compounds of those plants have not yet been studied. Finally, these plants can be a promising source for developing antiviral drugs against Newcastle disease
Evaluating Organic Acids as Alternatives to Antibiotic Growth Promoters in Enhancing the Performance of Broiler Chicken
No full textAntibiotic growth promoters (AGP) are still widely used to improve gut health and growth performance in the global poultry industry. The continuous and excessive use of AGPs has been thought to decrease the efficacy of AGPs and threaten public health by spreading antibiotic resistant bacteria. The study was conducted to investigate the effect of organic acids (OAs) to substitute AGPs on the growth performance parameters of broiler chickens. A total of 150 unsexed day old broiler chicks (Cobb 500) were randomly allocated into five treatments with three replicates containing 10 chicks each. Group T0 served as control while the groups T1, T2 and T3 were supplemented with different organic acids (citric acid, formic acid and acetic acid, respectively). However, the group T4 received AGP (oxytetracycline hydrochloride) at the appropriate dosage (1g/1L). The feeding trial lasted for 28 days. The results of the experiment revealed that OAs and AGPs supplementation significantly (p˂0.01) improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) than control group. Besides, birds from T1, T2 and T3 groups had significantly higher (p<0.05) body weight gain (BWG) compared to control and AGP groups. Considering the whole experimental period, T1 and T3 groups had a significantly (p˂0.01) improved FCR than T0, T2 and T4 groups. In conclusion, OAs are more efficient than AGPs in improving broiler growth performance and could be successfully used to substitute AGPs in broiler diets, though the effect of all OA mixtures were not same on performance. More research is required to compare the use of organic acid combinations with antibiotics under various experimental situations
Presence and Abundance of Chiropteran Ectoparasites of Zoonotic Importance in Abidjan District, Côte d\u27Ivoire
No full textAims: The aim of this study is to produce information on the diversity and abundance of ectoparasites in bats in Côte d\u27Ivoire.
Place and Duration of Study: It was carried out from December 22, 2020, to January 28, 2021, in the Abidjan district, within the forest relics of the Abidjan National Zoo (ZNA) and the Adiopodoumé site of the Institut Pasteur de Côte d\u27Ivoire (IPCI)
Methodology: The first step was to capture the bats using mist nets and identify them with the help of research assistants. For each bat captured, ectoparasites were collected and identified using the Walker and Ramel keys
Results: In the course of this study, 89 bats were collected, most of them adult (91%) and female (50.6%). Most belonged to the genera Micropteropus (41.6%) and Eidolon (40.4%). Ectoparasites were collected at a rate of 20.22% (+/- 0.187), and identification revealed Nycteribia biarticulata (69.7%) and Ornithodoros erraticus (30.3%), belonging to the Insecta and Arachnida classes respectively. A causal link was established in the univariate analysis (p<5%) between the presence of the parasite and the bat species collected.
Conclusion: These results provide non-exhaustive information on the diversity and abundance of bat ectoparasites in the Abidjan district belonging to the genera Ornithodoros and Nicteribia. These ectoparasites are vectors of zoonoses such as intermittent fever due to Borellia and vectors of animal diseases such as African swine fever. This research needs to be extended to the entire Côte d\u27Ivoire in order to identify ectoparasite vectors and gain a better understanding of local biodiversity and zoonotic risks (the transmission of diseases from animals to humans)
Major Causes of Organ Condemnation and Estimated Financial Loss in Dromedary Camels Slaughtered at Jigjiga Municipal Abattoir, Somali Regional State, Ethiopia
No full textA cross sectional study was conducted between November 2018 to June 2019 with the aim of determining the prevalence of causes of organ condemnation with associated potential risk factors and estimating the magnitude of the direct economic losses from rejected organs. A total of 432 camels slaughtered at Jigjiga Municipal Abattoir abattoir were rondomly selected; 180(59%) male, 103(81%) female, and in age 102(60.7%) young, 181(68.6%) adult, and in body condition score; poor 41(97.6%), medium 98(81.6%), and good 144(53.3%). Based on origin of the animal, 16(22.2%), 20(34.5%), 3(23.1%), 19(29.7%), 29(19.7%), 16(20.5%) from Jigjiga, Dahagbur, Kabridahar, Fik, Babile, Shinile were detected one or more pathological signs respectively. During antemortem examination 140(32.36%) camels showed various abnormalities. such as localized lesions 52(12.03%), local swelling 18(4.16%), lacrimation 17(3.93%), nasal discharge 15(3.47%), rough hair coat 13(3.00%), lamness 12(2.77%), depression 8(1.85%) and blindness 5(3.57%). Upon postmortem inspection, the overall prevalence was 504(29.1%); 254(58.7%) lungs, 203(46.9%) liver, 40(9.25%) heart, 7(1.6%) kidneys were condemned. Some of the major cause of lung condemned were due to 103(23.8%) hydatid cyst, 68(15.7%) emphysema, and 48(11.1%) pneumonia. Lvier rejection were due to hydatid cyst, 25(5.8%) calcification, 82(19.0%) cirrhosis. Heart condemnation were due to 9(2.1%) calcified cyst, 4(0.9%) pericaditis, 13(3.0%) hydatid cyst. Kidney rejection rate were caused by 3(0.7%) hydatid cyst, 4(4.0%) hydronephritis. There was statistically significant between body condtion score, and sex of the animal with the rate of organ condemnation (P<0.05). While, age and origin of the animal were not statistically significant with the prevelance of organ condemnation (P>0.05). Lung and liver were most commonly condemned organs followed by heart and kidney in camel slaughtered at Jigjiga Municipal Abattoir. The financial loss due to edible organs condemned in this study was estimated to 773,143,000 ETB / 16,734,696.97 USD. Therefore, appropriate strategies should be established for prevention, and control of this level of condemnation rate of organs and to sustain the massive monetory loss caused by the rate of organs condemned in the studied area
Prevalence of Bovine Subclinical Mastitis and Associated Risk Factors at Sylhet District in Bangladesh
No full textSubclinical mastitis is a prevalent issue in dairy farming, leading to significant economic losses. This study aims to determine the prevalence of subclinical mastitis in the Sylhet district and identify associated risk factors. Understanding these factors is crucial for developing effective control strategies. A total of 114 dairy cows from 22 dairy farms were sampled for this study, and the milk of the cows was screened for SCM using the California Mastitis Test (CMT). Results reveal that the prevalence of SCM at the individual cow and farm level was 25.43% and 31.81%, respectively. Nevertheless, a chi-square (χ2) statistical analysis showed that the incidence of SCM was significantly correlated (p˂0.05) with variables like milk yield and the educational status of farmers. Contrarily, the factors such as the type of house, adequate drainage facilities, floor type, udder washing before milking, farmer\u27s occupation, professional experience, milking method, breed, age, and lactation stage showed no significant association (p>0.05) with the prevalence of SCM. In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrate the high prevalence of SCM, which poses a serious risk to the productivity performance of the dairy business. To combat the disease, CMT screenings on a regular basis, good hygiene, improved management practices and farmer awareness are recommended in the studied areas
Acaricidal Efficacy of Cassia sieberiana (In-vitro and In-vivo) against Sarcoptes scabiei var cuniculli on Experimentally Infested Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in Maiduguri, Nigeria
No full textCassia saberriana contains varying degree of glycoside, saponins, tannin, alkaloid and terpene as these were bases for selection in the study based on their current and past use in traditional medicine. Local and traditional knowledge has been the starting point for many successful drug development projects in the past and such approach is generally based on a detailed observation of how local populations uses the plants. Acaricidal Efficacy of Cassia sieberiana (In-vitro and In-vivo) against Sarcoptes scabiei var cuniculli on Experimentally Infested Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Was evaluated using Eighteen (18) Rabbits both male (n=9) and female (n=9) at post-weaned ages (8-10 weeks), New Zealand white breed were used for the study. Table 1. Shows out of the 15 rabbits, 1 rabbit (6.7%) did not show any signs of infestation at all. Among the rabbits showing infestation,13.3% showed slight degree of infestation, moderate infestation was observed in 13.3% of rabbits. However heavy infestation was observed by high levels of pruritus, scaling and alopecia were observed in 66.7% of the rabbits (Table 1). All animals in the negative control (n=3) did not showed any level of infestation during the study period. only erythematous rash was observed on the infected area, no significant change in the behavior of the infected rabbits was observed. At day 14, the skin at the infected area becomes more erythematous and some raised papules were visible even with naked eye. Change in behavior of the infected rabbits was observed, they became restless and scratched the infected area. At day 21 microscopic examination of the skin scraping showed few adults mites and large number of larvae and nymphs. At day 28. In-vitro assay showed that at 12.5mg/ml 24hours post exposure the extract is capable of killing 2(20%), 28hours 7(70%) while 72hours 8(80%) but other concentrations have not shown effectiveness on mites even beyond 72hours. Moreover, the LC99 which is 12.5mg/ml when used In-vivo on experimentally infested rabbits did not show effectiveness even beyond 35days of treatment. Further studies on Methanol extract and other solvents and parts of the plant such as the leaves, flowers and the pods should be tried to demonstrate the effectiveness of the plants medicinal used or in other organisms such as gastrointestinal helminths