Asian Journal of Research in Animal and Veterinary Sciences
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Roasted Pigeon Pea Meal Replacement to Soybean Meal and Its Effect on External and Internal Egg Quality Parameters of Bovans Brown Layers
No full textAims: The study aims to determine whether layer hens could substitute their soybean meal with roasted pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) seed meal.
Study Design: Five treatments and three replications in a complete randomized design (CRD)
Place and Duration of the Study: The study was conducted in Ethiopia\u27s northwest Tigray, in the Shire Enda lassie district.
Methodology: The experimental diets were designed to have the same calorie and nitrogen content. A group of 105 commercial Bovans Brown (BB) egg-laying hens, 6 months old with an average body weight of (1412.04g ± 71.095g), were utilized for 90 days with a 10-day adaptation period. In the rations for T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5, soybean meal was replaced by pigeon pea seed meal at the amounts of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% respectively. These treatment diets contained a metabolized energy range of 2882.28 - 2899.53 kcal/kg dry matter and 16.63 – 16.92% crude protein content. Data analysis was performed using the general linear model (GLM) of the SAS software.
Results: The results of egg quality parameters did not exhibit any significant (p>0.05) variation between the treatments. The average result of the experiment was egg weight 58.34 - 59.04 grams, shell weight 5.49 - 5.78g, and egg shape index 71.70 ± 3.6. Similarly, the range of albumin weight, albumin height and yolk weight in the experiment was 34.62 - 35.14g, 7.72 - 8.06 mm and 15.2 - 15.9g, respectively. The yolk colour result using roch yolk colour fun was in the range of 4.96 - 5.07 which indicates a normal result.
Conclusion: According to the findings, roasted Pigeon pea seed meal could be replaced up to 75% of Soybean meal in the layer\u27s diet without an adverse effect on the parameters of internal and external egg quality
Effect of Feeding Mango Fruit Rejects as Feed Ingredient on Production Performance of Non-Pure Breed Rabbits
No full textNovel feedstuffs have great potential for sustainability of the livestock industry because they minimize cost of production and increase availability of animal products. This study was conducted to assess the usefulness of Mango fruits Rejects Meal (MFRM) as a feed ingredient for rabbits. MFRM was incorporated into rabbit diets at 0, 22, 28, 34 and 40 % levels respectively, replacing maize in equal amounts to evaluate its effect on growth performance, carcass characteristics internal organs and economics of production of rabbits. Twenty (20) weaner rabbits with average weight of 392.75 g were randomly allotted to five dietary treatments of four replicates each in a completely randomized design (CRD) and fed for 70 days. Feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ration were evaluated. Also, three rabbits were randomly selected from each group, starved of feed, stunned and slaughtered for carcass and organ evaluation at the end of the study. The dressed carcass was cut into primal parts and internal organs were separated and weighed. Growth performance indices, carcass yield and organs measurements were similar (p>0.05) across all the treatments except for large intestine and caeca which varied without pattern. Costs decreased (P<0.05) as MFRM in the diets increased while benefits improved (p<0.05) as MFRM increased in diets. Thus, it was concluded that MFRM is a safe and profitable feed resource for rabbit production, which could also reduce environmental pollution if adequately harnessed. Hence, it is recommended that MFRM should be incorporated in rabbit diets up to 40% or completely replaced maize in rabbit diets
The Incidence of Bovine Tuberculosis in a Dairy Herd Practicing Irregular Skin Test and Slaughter Control Program
No full textThe combination of intensified animal husbandry and development of peri-urban systems have corresponded with increased bovine tuberculosis incidence. Its economic impact is primarily driven by direct effects, particularly due to test and culling of affected animals. A retrospective study was conducted to assess the incidence of bTB in a dairy herd practicing repeated irregular skin testing and slaughter control program. The incidence at the subsequent test rounds ranged from 5.4% to 24.8%. These incidences exhibited an oscillating pattern: it initially decreased from 21.3% to 8.4%, then resurged to 24.8% in the third round, and ultimately declined back to 5.4%. Penultimate test result, breed of the animal, and herd composition were significantly associated with the odds of them becoming a reactor to the SICCTT at a subsequent test (P<0.05). The study findings indicated that animals undergoing two consecutive repeated skin tests had an approximately 11 times higher risk of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) infection compared to newly introduced animals. Similarly, animals with an inconclusive penultimate test result were 2.64 times more likely to be infected with bTB than those with a negative penultimate test result. Likewise, reactors that had been embedded by inconclusive penultimate SICCTT result were more likely to have visible lesions at slaughter than those with a negative penultimate SICCTT result. The study herd consisted of a mix of purebred Boran and different crossbred animals. The prevalence of bTB was high in purebred Boran than crossbred animals. In conclusion, the study confirmed the necessity of considering inconclusive SICCTT test results and the retested herd (with inconsistent and extremely prolonged retesting schemes) contribution, which all were likely responsible for the chance to increase the number of new bTB cases
Influence of Betaine Hydrochloride on Glucocorticoid-induced Stressed Broiler Chickens
No full textAim: To investigate the ameliorative effect of betaine HCl fed to broiler chickens under chronic stress conditions.
Study Design: Completely Randomized Design.
Place and Duration of Study: Experimental site: Department of Animal Science Teaching and Research Farm, Ahmadu Bello University, Nigeria; Haematology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Nigeria, between September 2016 and October 2016.
Methodology: A total of two-hundred-and-forty (240) day-old Arbor acre broiler chickens were randomly allotted to four experimental treatments. Each treatment was replicated three times with twenty birds per replicate in a completely randomized design. Dexamethasone was administered in drinking water (0, 1, 2 and 3 mg) to simulate chronic stress. Dexamethasone-treated birds were fed betaine HCl at 0.15% in their diets. Birds receiving 0 mg dexamethasone served as the control.
Results: Thermoregulatory results indicated that respiratory rates were similar (p= 0.16) even with increasing doses of dexamethasone. Rectal temperature was also similar (p=0.97) across all the treatment groups indicating the positive effect of betaine HCl on thermoregulatory responses of broiler chickens. Birds in the control gave better (p < 0.05) final body weight, daily weight gain, daily feed intake, with feed conversion ratio being similar with some dexamethasone containing groups. Dexamethasone did not influence (p >0.05) haematological indices of broiler chickens, with betaine HCl demonstrating positive effect on all blood indices. Both serum and haematological indices were similar (p>0.05) with the control. Thigh and drumstick weights were still negatively affected (p < 0.05) by dexamethasone. Betaine HCl positively (p>0.05) improved robusticity index while tibia weight, length, and weight/length index were negatively (p < 0.05) influenced by dexamethasone despite betaine supplementation.
Conclusion: Betaine HCl improved thermoregulatory and blood indices of dexamethasone-stressed broiler chickens and showed positive effect on tibia bone strength
Revolutionizing Animal Health: The Role of Nanoparticles in Veterinary Medicine
No full textNanoparticles (NPs) have opened new doors in veterinary disease detection, therapy, and prevention. These particles have many functions due to their designed, inadvertent, and natural origins. NPs including quantum dots, iron oxide, gold, silver, dendrimers, liposomes, carbon-based, and polymeric NPs have unique functions and are better for biomedical applications. Characterization procedures include SEM, TEM, AFM, and Zeta Potential studies help understands NP characteristics. Veterinary medicine uses NPs in several ways. They aid disease diagnosis, including neurological disorders and mastitis prevention. Silver and copper NPs are effective against Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli. Nanoparticles also boost immune responses and target infections, including zoonotic diseases, improving vaccine development. Neospora caninum uses neo glycolipid-coated liposomes to induce neosporosis and high cellular and humoral immunity. Besides treatments, NPs improve the health status of animals by increasing reproductive, immunity, and growth performance. Pet care products and breeding methods use them for long-term gamete preservation, fertility control, and reproductive health assessment. Exploring transdisciplinary uses, standardizing characterization, and lowering toxicity are the future of veterinary nanomedicine. To employ NPs in veterinary medicine, standard methods and complete preclinical evaluations are needed
Adoption of Digital Technologies for the Management of Repeat Breeder Cows in the Dairy Herds of Bangladesh
No full textA crucial component of contemporary livestock dairy production is digitalization. In order to monitor and manage repeat breeder (RB), we describe the use of dairy herd records, closed-circuit (CC) cameras, and ultrasonography findings. A cow must get through a number of physiological hurdles after calving in order to become pregnant. Herd fertility is achieved through timely artificial insemination (AI). Using CC cameras and ultrasonography, we surveyed 25 local farms and 25 commercial farms for this study. Within the dairy farms under survey, we discovered 10 RB. Following six months of observation, we minimized and 70% of RB cows were pregnant. AI is the term for the widespread use of reproductive tools in Bangladesh. The success of AI depends on the exact timing of estrus and ovulation. The CC camera plays a role in determining these two AI variables. All farms used AI during our analysis, but ultrasonography was only used sporadically. But there aren\u27t many commercial farms that use CC cameras only for security. We were unable to locate any farm that used CC cameras for breeding. While recent advancements in ultrasonography can help diagnose reproductive tract pathology, further studies are required to decide whether or not these methods can be applied clinically in veterinary medicine. New tools, such on-farm CC camera surveillance, need to be created in order to take advantage of the research findings and apply them to improve on-farm performance and increase awareness among dairy herd owners
Non-genetic Factors Influence Birth Weight of Friesian and Friesian x Fipa Cattle Calves in One Highland Farm of Tanzania
No full textCalving records were extracted from record books at TALIRI Uyole farm from 2013 - 2022, to study and determine the influence of breed, sex, season of birth, and year of birth on weight at birth of pure Friesian and its crosses (F1 Friesian x Fipa and 75% Friesian x Fipa) calves which, are grazed under natural pasture. The least squares mean of BWT in Friesian, F1 and 75% calves were 25.51±0.98 kg, 26.45 ± 1.23 and 25.26 ± 0.94, respectively. It was observed that sex of calf and year of birth had significant (P<0.05) influence on birth weight, the males being heavier than the females by 1.86 kg of the mean birth weight. Breed and season of birth of calves were not associated (P>0.05) with variation in mean birth weight of its crosses at birth, whereas variations on BWT at birth were noted in F1, which had higher BWT compared to other breed/cross, and calf born in the wet season showed slightly higher BWT than calves born in the dry season. Under natural pasture grazing, the available fodder was of poor quality, and no agronomic management practices were followed, whereas it was reverse in the wet season, thus the nutrient demand for body maintenance, reproduction, and production activities are impaired
A Comparative Study and Profitability Analysis of Different Crossbred Dairy Cattle in Milk Pocket Areas of Bangladesh
No full textThe Present research was conducted in Sirajgonj district to know the socio-economic status of dairy farmers; to investigate the feeding practices, productive and reproductive performance of different crossbred dairy cattle and to assess the cost and return of dairy farmers in the areas of Bangladesh. A field survey was carried out with a total of 127 crossbred dairy cows under 3 Crossbreds studied from July to September 2022. Data were collected through direct interviews and careful observation of different dairy crossbred rearing farmers. The studied parameters were the major socio-economic condition, seasonal feed allowances, productive and reproductive traits and the profitability of different dairy crossbred rearing farmers where data were analyzed by using SPSS version-25. The average age of puberty of Holstein Friesian (HF), Jersey and HF×Jersey crossbreds was 21.28±0.20, 23.40±0.29 and 22.42±0.15 months where the age at first calving was found 44.42±0.21, 43.96±0.19, and 44.51±0.16months respectively. The highest Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) was observed at 1.43 in the case of HF crossbreds and HF×Jersey crossbreds ranked second where the BCR of 1.41 was found for the overall dairy crossbred rearing farmers. The present results would be helpful for the farmers to compare and select the high-yielding dairy crossbreds as well as to understand the profitability of rearing among these three crossbreds of dairy cattle in the selected areas. From these findings, it may concluded that the productive and reproductive performance of the HF cross is higher than the Jersey cross and HF×Jersey crossbred dairy cows in the milk pocket area of Bangladesh
An Overview of Zootechnical Technologies in Traditional Poultry Farming in West Africa and Togo
No full textAims: To take stock of zootechnical technologies implemented to improve the productivity of traditional poultry farming in West Africa and Togo, in order to capitalize on best innovative practices.
Methodology: Inventory of zootechnical technologies based on a literature review. The synthesis consisted in analyzing knowledge published in scientific journals and the activity reports of agricultural extension structures.
Results: Traditional poultry farming in West Africa and Togo is of multidimensional importance at the same time nutritional, socio-economic, socio-cultural and religious. It is characterized by the use of local poultry breeds for egg and meat production. Birds often live freely around dwellings, feeding on food scraps, insects and agro-industrial by-products, and drinking from water collected in discarded utensils. The main zootechnical technologies available and applicable to improve productivity are: semi-divagation rearing; construction of traditional improved poultry houses (PTA) equipped with feeders and drinkers, regular distribution of feed and water, feed supplementation, use of adapted improved poultry breeds, respect of sex ratio and use of chick houses.
Conclusion: The dissemination of these technologies and their adoption by traditional poultry farmers is a major challenge to be met in order to improve productivity and thus fight poverty and satisfy the animal protein needs of populations
Investigation of Sorption Isotherm of Products from Turkey Cuts
No full textThe study assessed the sorption isotherm of vinegar marinated turkey breast jerky, soy-sauce marinated turkey breast jerky, oven dried and fried turkey leg. Fresh 3.5kg each of boneless turkey breast muscles were sliced into a long 6.35 mm strips, parallel to the grain. The sliced turkey breast muscles were marinated with non -meat ingredients and apple cedar vinegar and another set with soy-sauce solution prior to drying in the oven to produce vinegar and soy-sauce marinated turkey breast muscle jerky respectively. Fresh 500g each of turkey leg were marinated with non meat ingredients without vinegar and soy-sauce. One portion was oven dried while the other portion was fried to produce oven dried and fried turkey leg. The results of the impact of vinegar and soy-sauce marinades, oven drying and frying on turkey meat products significantly alters the moisture absorption characteristics of the different turkey meat products investigated. Soy-sauce marinated turkey breast jerky had 0.147 water activity while vinegar marinated turkey breast jerky had 0.185. However, monolayer moisture of soy-sauce marinated was higher (20.211) than vinegar marinated turkey breast jerky (17.832) which implies that vinegar marinated turkey breast jerky may not tolerate a relative higher relative humidity compared to vinegar marinated turkey breast jerky in storage. Oven dried turkey leg had a comparatively higher water activity (0.193) to fried turkey leg (0.183) which also suggest that, the oven dried and fried turkey leg product may not be stored at the same storage condition. Generally, the four products investigated cannot be easily deteriorated by microorganisms if moisture adsorption is prevented as their water activities are far lower compared to the water activity range required by most microorganisms. In conclusion, findings can be harnessed to boost longevity on shelves, and uplift the entirety quality of these meat products