Asian Journal of Research in Animal and Veterinary Sciences
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Effects of Dietary Levels of Doum Palm Pulp Meal (Hyphaene thabaica) Supplementation on the Performance of Broiler Chickens
No full textThe study was carried out to evaluate the effect of Doum palm pulp meal (Hyphaene thabaica)supplementation on growth performance in broiler chickens. A total of two hundred day old unsexed strain of Anak 2000 broiler chicks were subjected to 49-day study period. Chicks were randomly allotted to five dietary treatments with 10 birds per replicate and 40 birds per treatment in a completely randomized design (CRD). The levels of Doum palm inclusion were 0.0, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 and 12.5% coded as (treatment 1 to 5) T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 respectively. The birds in all groups were reared under deep litter system; feed and water were provided ad-libitum. Dietary Doum palm was not significant (P>.05) in terms of weight gain and feed intake in the same vein, the feed conversion ratio was not significantly altered at the starter phase of the study. At the finisher phase weight gain and feed conversion ratio were significant at (P<.01) and (P = .05) respectively, while daily feed intake was not affected. Birds on T4 had the highest daily weight gain (43.75g) while those on T1 had the lowest (33.97g). The same trend was elicited for feed conversion ratio with T4 haven the inferior value (1.22) while T1 was (1.44). The economic analysis showed significant variation in feed cost per kg in terms of broiler production across treatment groups. Feed cost kg/gain appeared to be higher in T1 (₦ 516.17) while lowest in T4 (₦ 267.92) this showed that increased level of Doum palm pulp meal will not increase the cost of production. Doum palm supplementation in broiler diets could improve growth performance especially in the level of 10.0% that was found to be better than the control and other treatment groups. It is therefore recommended that 10% level of inclusion of Doum palm pulp meal could be used in compounding broiler feeds
Anti-nutritional Factors of Composite Mango (Mangifera indica) Fruit Reject Meal and Its Value in the Nutrition of Finisher Broiler Chickens
No full textAim: Investigation was made to ascertain the level of some anti-nutrients in composite mango fruit reject meal (MFRM) and its effect on the performance of finisher broiler chickens.
Methodology: Mango fruit reject meal was analysed for anti-nutritional factors and incorporated into finisher broiler diets at 0, 11, 12, 13 and 14% to obtain five diets. Two hundred 28-day-old Arbor Acre broiler chickens were randomly allocated to the five dietary treatments in a completely randomised design (CRD), and fed for 35 days.
Results: Anti-nutritional factor levels were; tannin 2.10%, phytate 0.48%, saponin 2.96%, flavonoid 3.77% and oxalate was 3.35%. Mean final body weights and daily weight gains were significantly depressed (P<0.05) at 11% and 13% level of MFRM inclusion but similar to the control at 12% and 14% MFRM. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) for feed intake and digestibility of nutrients among the treatment groups. The cost/kg weight gain was not significantly affected (P>0.05) as well.
Conclusion: Mango fruit reject meal supported growth performance of finisher broiler chickens at 12% and 14% level comparable to maize, and 14% inclusion of MFRM was optimal
Determination of Vertebral Index in Thoracic Roentgenographs of the Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
No full textAim: There are numerous thoracic cage malformations that variably affect the contour and volume of the thorax in both humans and animals. Common thoracic congenital disorders are pectus deformities, and objective measures delineating the limits of normal and deformation are yet to be defined in the New Zealand White (NZW) rabbit. This research was aimed at establishing values of vertebral index (VI) of clinically normal NZW rabbit, for reference purposes.
Materials and Methods: Ten healthy NZW rabbits were acquired for this investigation. A right lateral (RtL) thoracic roentgenograph of each research animal was made. The sternovertebral distance and diameter of the tenth thoracic vertebra (T10) were evaluated in centimetres in each of the radiographs. The quotient of the vertebral diameter and sum of the same vertebral diameter and the sternovertebral distance was then obtained from each experimental radiograph as the VI for the rabbit concerned.
Results: Mean plus or minus standard error of mean (M±SEM) VI was 0.1±0.01, and the difference between male and female VIs was statistically insignificant.
Conclusion: VI is clinically, objectively, and easily applicable in radiographic investigation of the thoracic shape and depth
Effects of Diminazene Diaceturate (veriben®) on Serum and Clinico-pathological Changes in Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus) Experimentally Infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei
No full textThe study was designed to determine effects of diminazene diaceturate (veriben®) on the serum and clinico-pathological changes in guinea pigs experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei (T. brucei brucei). Thirty apparently healthy unsexed guinea pig weighing between 5-10 kg were used for the study. Trypanosoma brucei brucei and 4 Albino rats used as donorswere obtained from NAITOR (Nigerian Institute of Trypanosome and Onchcerciasis) Kaduna State Nigeria. Guinea Pigs were randomly allocated into 6 groups designated as A, B, C, D, E and F. All the infected (A,B and C) had prepatent period of 16 days with similar level of parasitaemia of 45.7 ± 3.38 and clinical sign observed are pyrexia, pale feet, snout, anaemia and emaciation. Mean chloride, bicarbonate, sodium, calcium, potassium and magnesium serum ion concentration level decreased significantly following establishment of parasitemia. These changes reverted to their pre-infection values by day 28 in all the affected animals following treatment with diminazine diaceturate (veriben®) at 3.5 mg/kg and 7.0 mg/kg BW. Liver, kidney, lungs, and spleen samples were taking from humanly sacrificed guinea pig and fixed in 10% formalin. The histopathological examination from positive control animals showed no visible area of lesions but in contrast with the infected negative control group revealed gross distortion of tissue architecture. Observations from the treated animals showed less distortions of tissue architecture this might have been aided by administered drugs at 7.0 mg/kg. In conclusion, evidence has shown that the administration of Veriben® at the dose rate of 3.5 mg/kg and 7.0 mg/kg have the potentials of modulating the state of anaemia, immunosuppression and serum electrolytes levels, gross and histopathological changes in trypanosome-infected guinea pigs in a dose dependent manner
Proximate Composition of Sun-Dried Rumen Digesta from Goat Slaughtered in Zuru Central Slaughterhouse, Kebbi State, Nigeria
No full textBiochemical studies with a view to assess the organic and inorganic content of Sun-Dried Rumen Digesta from goat slaughtered in Zuru central slaughterhouse were carried out. Four values for each nutrient were collected according to samples analyzed. The results of mean percentages showed that the samples contained 5.51±0.28 moisture, 15.35 ± 0.35 crude protein, 5.51 ± 0.29 lipids, 14.44 ± 0.82 ash, 18.44 ± 0.58 fiber, and 40.70 ± 4.22 Nitrogen Free Extract. The inorganic contents were 2.46 ± 0.02 sodium, 0.64 ± 0.01 potassium, 0.83 ± 0.03 magnesium, 0.57 ± 0.03 calcium and 1.29 ±0.02 phosphorus. The results indicated that rumen digesta from goat slaughtered in Zuru central slaughterhouse has nutritional qualities that could provide livestock producers with organic and inorganic nutrients for enhanced livestock nutrition. Therefore the Sun-Dried Rumen Digesta from goat is recommended for feeding livestock in the study are
Prediction of Body Weight of Savanna Muturu Cattle (Bos brachyceros)
No full textStepwise multiple regression technique was used to predict body weight from linear body measurements in the savannah muturu cattle (Bos brachyceros). Sexual dimorphism was a significant (P˂0.05) source of variation for body weight (BW), ear length (EL), body length (BL), chest girth (CG), horn length (HL) and height at withers, with higher values reported for the males. Correlation coefficients between body weight and linear body measurements and within linear body measurements were all positive and significant (P˂0.01) irrespective of the sex of the cattle. The regression technique established highly reliable equations for predicting body weight from chest girth, body length and horn length. The best model for predicting body weight was BW = -72.908 + 1.738 CG + 3.511 HL. Information derived from this study may find application in selection for improvement of traits of economic importance in the muturu cattle
Evaluation of Feed Restriction on Growth Performance, Haematological Parameters and Carcass Traits of Broiler Chicken
No full textThe experiment was conducted at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Poultry Farm for 4 weeks to find out the effect of feed restriction (FR) on growth performance, haematological parameters and carcass traits of broiler chicken. After one week of common brooding, 150 broiler chicks were equally and randomly divided into 5 treatments and each treatment was further sub-divided 3 times consisting of 10 chicks per replicate. The FR of dietary treatments were applied at 4, 7, 10, 13 and 0% (control group) designated as T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 respectively. The results obtained showed that control groups (fed ad libitum) consumed significantly (P<0.05) the highest feed (2191 g) than those in FR groups. However, the live weight (LW) was significantly (P< 0.05) highest under 4% FR group. The control group significantly (P < 0.05) had the poorest Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) (1.31), while the best feed efficiency (FE) (1.20) was found in broilers under 13% FR. Cholesterol levels were not affected (P>0.05) significantly by FR application, but significant (P<0.05) difference was recorded in case of glucose and haemoglobin values across the FR treated groups. 13% FR group showed the lowest value of glucose (158 mg/dl) than other FR groups and control group. This study revealed that FR decreases blood glucose level, while the blood haemoglobin level was found to be significantly (P<0.05) highest in 10% FR group (15.2 g/dl) and lowest in control group (13.17 g/dl). It was observed that the major haematological parameters of FR were similar compared to the 0% FR group. The Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) was significantly (P<0.05) affected by FR treatments. The BCR of 4% FR group ranked the best (1.55) followed by 7 and 10% (1.51), 13% (1.50) and control (1.45). In addition, all the FR groups are economically benefited due to lower feed cost than the control group. This study showed that 4% FR would be potentially beneficial for broiler production without compromising the productivity in the local condition of Bangladesh
Phenotypic Detection and Antibiogram of Staphylococcus aureus from Poultry Processing Units in Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
No full textA cross sectional study was carried out in local poultry abattoirs at Monday and Gamboru markets Maiduguri, Nigeria to determine the occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus in rural chickens, slaughter environment and personnel. A total of 600 samples were collected and analyzed using standard bacteriological techniques. The samples were taken from featherless skin under the wings of the rural chickens, the dressing tables, containers, knives and from skin and nostrils of slaughter personnel. A sum of 135 (22.5%) S. aureus were isolated with significantly higher proportion from the utensils 75 (55.5%), 53 (39.3%)from skin of rural chickens while 3(2.2%) and 4(3.0%) were obtained from the skin and nostrils of the personnel respectively.The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the S. aureus isolates was tested against eight (8) antibiotics where high resistance was observed against tetracycline (68.1%), erythromycin (60.7%) and sulphamethoxazole (52%), while high susceptibility was observed in ciprofloxacin (100%), cephazolin (93.3%), gentamicin (86.7%) and chloramphenicol (77.8%). These results indicated a high frequency of isolation of S. aureus from processing utensils and could possibly be exchanged between rural chickens and personnel, either directly or through the contaminated environment. There is, therefore, the need for strict hygiene practices on the side of the personnel to minimize chances of cross contamination either from the rural chicken to the personnel or to the environment and vice vasa. There is also the need for creating awareness amongst the slaughter personnel on the potential occupational hazards associated with unhygienic practices
Flushing Ration Effect on the Breeding and Sexual Behaviors in Markhoz Goat (Iranian Angora)
No full textThe objective of the present study was to investigate the productivity of utilizing barley as a Flushing ration with an energizing source and soybean meal-based diets as a Flushing ration with a protein source the breeding and sexual behaviors in Markhoz Goat. In this study, 42 three and half-year old goat (48±1.5 Kg) with the record of giving birth to two kids and 5 three-year old (87±2.4 Kg) rams were used. The goats were divided into three treatment groups of A (i.e., the receivers of Barley seeds), B (i.e., the receivers of soybean meal-based diets), and a control group of C with 14 goats in each group. In addition, three kids were utilized randomly in each group. The goat received the Flushing ration three weeks before and three weeks after sexual intercourse. Therefore, group A goats were fed 600 grams of Barley seeds and group B goats were fed 600 grams of soybean. The results showed that the goats in the treatment group showed sexual receptivity behavior earlier than the control group goats; anyway, the difference between these groups was not significant. In addition, the receptivity power (i.e., the number of successful jumping permission) and the amount of estrogen, calcium, as well as magnesium levels were not significantly different at pro-estrus and estrus stages. However, the amount of serum phosphorous and the new-born kid’s weight were reported to be significant (p < .05) in the treatment groups. The present study showed that Flushing ration along with both energizing and protein sources improve the livestock’s health and sexual behavior, and also such supplements have a positive influence on breeding rate and on the weight of kids
Response of Broiler Chickens under Dexamethasone Induced Stress Conditions
No full textAn experiment was conducted to determine the response of broiler chickens under dexamethasone induced stress conditions. The experiment was conducted using two hundred and forty days old Arbor acre broiler chickens. There were four treatments each having three replicates with twenty birds per replicate. Concentrations of dexamethasone at 0, 1, 2 and 3 mg/ L of water were supplied daily. The experiment lasted 56 days. A decrease (P>0.05) in rectal temperature with an increase (P>0.05) in respiratory rate with increasing dose of dexamethasone was observed. Birds receiving 0 mg dexamethasone had the highest (P<0.05) final body weight, average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio. Dexamethasone effect on tibia weight, length, weight/length index and robusticity index was significant (P<0.05) with the control group performing better than the dexamethasone groups. It is concluded that dexamethasone-induced stress had negative effects on broilers performance and tibia geometric properties