Asian Journal of Research in Animal and Veterinary Sciences
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Assessment of Ethno-veterinary Practices among Cattle Herders in Zuru, Kebbi State, Nigeria
No full textThis paper evaluated some ethno-veterinary practices among cattle herders in Zuru, Kebbi State, Nigeria. One hundred and ten (110) questionnaires were used purposively to generate data on demographic information, cattle ownership, knowledge of ethno-veterinary practices, ethno-botanical plants of veterinary importance and their uses in treating various cattle diseases. The study covers only four villages in the study area because of the high density of cattle herders. The results revealed that cattle herding is a sole activity of males with majority (41.82%) fallen between the age group of 41-50 years old, and 79.09% having informal education while 74.55% of them have more than 11 households. Among the respondents, (47.27%), have 21-30 heads of cattle, majority (92.73%) of them are aware of ethno-veterinary practices and 89.09% adopt the of various ethno-botanical practices in treating cattle diseases. The knowledge of ethno-veterinary practice and the use of available ethno-botanical plants help the respondents to treat 20.11% cases of dermatophylosis, 18.99% parasitic infections 16.95% Contagious Bovine Pleuro-pneumonia, 15.83% trypanasomiasis and 16.76% diarrhea respectively in the study area. The existence of ethno-veterinary knowledge and practices contributes immensely to the development of livestock sub sector in the study area. This necessitates proper identification and conservation of ethno-botanical plants of veterinary importance for improved animal health care system in the study area
Pattern of Early Growth Traits and Predictions in Progenies of Muturu Cattle
No full textA research lasting 161days was carried out with 12 Muturu calves (6 males and 6 females) in The Teaching and Research Farm, University of Uyo, Nigeria. The cattle were managed semi-intensively to investigate the pattern of early growth traits and predict body weight using linear body measurements. Animals grazed on common grasses and legume forages, supplemented with proprietary feed (16% Crude Protein and 3500 Kcal/Kg Metabolizable Energy). Data were taken on body weight; body, ear, tail and face lengths; body, neck and head circumferences; hind and fore limbs;rump and chest widths;heart girth,trunk and height at withers. Data were analyzed with Gen Stat Software Computer Programme. Prediction equations for estimating body weight were done with Completely Randomized Design. Results revealed a pattern of gradual increase from birth till 161 days. Linear body measurements contributed to body weight in the following order: Trunk (39.44 cm), Body Circumference (36.75 cm), Body Length (31.17 cm), Height at Withers (28.00 cm), Chest Width (25.05 cm), Forelimb (18.89 cm), Neck Circumference (14.55 cm), Head Circumference (14.53 cm), Hindlimb length (18.56 cm), Rump width (12.67 cm), Tail length (10.50 cm), Face length(9.53 cm), Heart Girth(7.39 cm), and Ear Length(4.86 cm). The pattern of increase ranged from 10%-98%. When body weight was predicted with specific age groups, neck circumference, height at wither, tail length, hindlimb and trunk were not part of the prediction equations. Prediction of body weight were highly reliable both at specific age groups (R=0.811 to 0.99) and without age considerations (R=0.840 to 0.961).Body circumference was the most repeatable measurement for body weight. Very high coefficients of determination indicate that linear body measurements may successfully describe variations in body weight. Prediction equations involving more parameters were more reliable than those with fewer body parameters. Predictions were more reliable with age
Gross and Histopathological Changes in Chickens Infected with Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) in a Farm in Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria
No full textThis study was carried out in a poultry farm in Vom, Nigeria with an outbreak of infectious bursal disease (IBD). Before the onset of the disease on the 3rd of May, 2017, the farm had seven thousand, six hundred and eleven (7611) four weeks old vaccinated pullets. By the 8th of May, 2017, the farm had lost five thousand, seven hundred and ninety-six (5796) birds, 76.15% mortality. Post mortem examination was performed on thirty-two (32) freshly dead birds and samples of the bursae were collected and fixed in 10% buffered formalin and processed for histopathological examination, while some bursal samples were also collected into universal bottles and stored at -20˚C for infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) antigen detection by Agar Gel Immuno Diffusion (AGID) test. Clinical signs, gross lesions and histopathological findings were pathognomonic for virulent IBD while all the samples were positive for IBDV antigen by AGID test as evidenced by lines of precipitation. These results showed that virulent field IBDV was responsible for the gross and histopathological changes in the lymphoid cells of the bursae of Fabricius and tissues of the chickens
Prevalence and Intensity of Gastrointestinal Parasitic Infestation of Goats in Belo Sub Division, Boyo Division, North West Region of Cameroon
No full textAims: The study aims to investigate the prevalence and intensity of gastrointestinal (GI) parasitic infections in goats.
Study Design: A study was conducted in Belo Sub Division from July 2016 to October 2016. A total of 499 faecal samples were randomly collected directly from the recta of 499 goats in six villages and analyzed for the detection of any parasitic ova or oocysts using standard saturated sodium chloride flotation technique, while faecal egg/oocyst count was estimated using the modified McMaster technique.
Results: The study found that all 499 goats with a mean EPG value of 494,3 ± 374,8) were found to harbor at least two gastrointestinal parasites. The prevalence and intensity of various parasites encountered respectively were: Eimeria spp (86%), (455.2 ± 400.8), Haemonchus spp (74.5%), (1282.9 ± 1244.4), Toxocara spp (72.5%) (953.3 ± 814.3), Charbertia spp (55.9%), (448.2 ± 416.0). Fasciola spp (45.4%), (475.0 ± 338.1), Moniezia spp (42.2%), (828.6 ± 793.9), Oesophagostomum spp (33.1%), (638.3 ± 463.5), Strongyloides spp (32.5), (200.0 ± 00), Trichostrongylus spp (28.3%) (200.0± 00), Trichuris spp (23.7%) (200.0± 00), Teladorsagia spp (14.6), (200.0 ± 00) and Nematodorius spp (8.1%), (50.0 ± 0,0). There was no significant difference in prevalence (100%) in the different age groups, type of husbandry management system and locality (P>0.05) except for gender where there was significant difference.
Conclusion: Gastrointestinal parasitic infections in goats from Belo Sub Division are common, with a very high prevalence. This high prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitism among the goats possibly reflected grazing, low immunity due to malnutrition and lack of anthelminthic treatment programs
In vitro Gas and Methane Production of Horse Grass and Calopo at Different Forage to Concentrate Ratios in Rabbits
No full textThe in vitro gas production technique provides information about kinetics and fermentation characteristics of feedstuffs and diets, and it is a useful indicator of fecal microbial activity.
Aim: The aim of this study was to use the in vitro technique to study gas production kinetics and dry matter degradability of feed samples at different forage to concentrate (F:C) ratios using rabbit inoculum.
Materials and Methods: The treatments (T) were in a Completely Randomized Design with two forage sources namely Horse grass and Calopo mixed at 75:25 (T1) ratio and F:C ratios 75:25 (T2), 50:50 (T3), 25:75 (T4) and 100:0 (T5), respectively. Six New Zealand White rabbits (mean body weight [BW] = 0.86kg ±0.04) were used as inoculum donors.
Results: Crude protein of forages was 10.45 and 23.00 for Horse grass and Calopo respectively. The crude protein and crude fiber content of the supplementary concentrate was 17.01 and 6.00% respectively. Highest crude fiber (12.00) was also observed in Calopo. Diets 4 and 5 produced the highest (P<0.05) total gas (ml/200mgDM) and methane (ml/200mgDM) respectively, while in vitro degradability decreased with increasing supplementary concentrate (P<0.05). Sole forage diet resulted in highest dry matter degradability (6.90) and gas production (7.80).
Conclusion: It can be concluded that good quality forage, therefore, could reduce the need for concentrate supplementation
Spermatozoa Characteristics, Serum Metabolites and Testicular Oxidative Stress Traits in Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus) Fed on Zanthoxyliun leprieurii Fruit
No full textZanthoxyliun leprieurii belong to aromatic plants. Its fruit is commonly used as spice in soups and as medicine in many African countries. Because of its phytochemical composition, it cans also be used as antioxidant. In the present study, effects of aqueous extract of Z. leprieurii fruit on reproductive function in male guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) was evaluated. Fifty male guinea pigs with an average weight of 320.56 ± 30 g, aged 4 months were used. They were divided into 5 groups (G1, G2, G3, G4 and G5) of 10 animals each. During 60 days, animals of G1 were daily given distilled water orally, while G2 received 100 mg/kg body weight (bw) of vitamin C. In the other hand, G3, G4 and G5 received respectively by the same method 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg bw of aqueous extract of Z. leprieurii. At the end of the treatment, all animals were sacrificed for evaluating the genital organs weight, sperm characteristics, serum levels of reproductive hormones and stress biomarkers. Results revealed that the weight of testes, epididymis, vas deferens and accessory glands did not significantly affect (p˃0.05) in cavies exposed to different treatments compared to control animals. There was a significant (p<0.05) increase in serum content of FSH at 100 mg/kg. bw (26.67 ± 3.51 ng ml -1) and LH at 50 mg/kg. bw (10.71 ± 2.42 ng ml -1) in animals exposed to aqueous extract of Z. leprieurii with reference to the control groups. In addition, there is a non-significant increase (p˃0.05) of the level of testosterone in the treated cavies compared to controls. Aqueous extract induced significant (p<0.05) increase in sperm mobility and sperm count in treated cavies with respect to the controls. The testicular activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase increased significantly (p<0.05) in guinea pigs exposed to aqueous extract of Z. leprieurii compared with those of control (G1). The reverse effect was observed concerning the concentration of malondialdehyde. In conclusion, the aqueous extract of Z. leprieurii fruit efficiently improves male reproductive characteristics by increasing level in reproductive hormones and an improvement of anti-oxidative enzymes activities
Modulatory Effect of Ascorbic Acid Administration on Rectal Temperature, Percentage of Excitability and Body Weight Changes of West African Dwarf Goats Transported by Road
No full textThis study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the modulatory effect of ascorbic acid supplementation on rectal temperature, body weight changes and percentage excitation of West African Dwarf (WAD) goats transported by road for eight hours. A total of twenty eight (28) male West African dwarf goats of eight months to one year old were used for this study. The animals were divided into four groups of seven animals each. Animal in groups A and C were given ascorbic acid at the dosage of 250 mg/kg body weight while groups B and D were only given 10ml of sterile water each. Animals in groups A and B were transported while those in groups C and D were inside the pen on the day of transportation. The rectal temperature obtained at the experimental site before and after transportation in all the groups were not significantly (p>0.05) different. On the day of journey, rectal temperature of animals rise from 38.25±0.19°C to 39.44±0.12 in group B, from 38.58±0.13 to 39.42±0.11°C in group D while it fluctuate between 38.38±0.15 and 38.00±0.15°C in group A eight hour into the journey. At the end of the journey, there was significant (p<0.05) difference between the ascorbic acid supplemented groups and non-ascorbic acid supplemented groups. The average live weight of WAD goats in kg before the transportation were 9.14±0.52, 8.85±0.58, 8.87±0.37 and 8.93±0.59 kg in groups A, B, C and D respectively. Although there was no significant (p>0.05) difference in the live weight of goats in the various groups pre and post transportation but a percentage difference of 3.06, 5.53, 3.38 and 4.45 was obtained in group A, B, C and D respectively. Weight of animals in group A (9.83±0.45 kg) and group C (9.32±o.34 kg) were higher than the weight recorded in group B (9.00±0.95 kg) and D (8.80±0.69 kg) seven days post transportation. The percentages of excitation recorded immediately after transportation in ascorbic acid supplemented groups were significantly (p<0.05) higher than the non-ascorbic acid supplemented groups.
In conclusion, transportation of WAD goats constitute stress which could have adverse effect on rectal temperature, live weight and excitability scores, thus it is recommended that ascorbic acid should be administered to goats prior to transportation to ameliorate the stress
Protein Fractions of Some Plant and Animal Protein Sources Using CNCPS Method
No full textAims: This experiment was conducted with the aim of investigating fractions of protein of some plant and animal protein sources using the CNCPS method.
Study Design: After preparing the desired feed items, the protein fractions of feed samples were determined.
Methodology: This experiment was conducted on sources of plant protein (soybean meal, rapeseed meal, and cottonseed meal) and sources of animal protein (poultry offal meal, fish meal and blood meal).The protein fractions of feed samples were determined by Licitra et al, 1996. These fractions were included non-protein nitrogen, true protein, soluble true protein, insoluble protein, soluble protein in neutral detergent, insoluble protein in neutral detergent but soluble in acid detergent and insoluble in acid detergent and attached.
Results: After testing, the amount of non-protein nitrogen (fraction A) in soybean meal, cottonseed meal and rapeseed meal was 8.52, 6.33 and 4.55%, and in poultry offal meal, fish meal and blood meal in slaughterhouses were 10.38, 13.63 and 16.08% of crude protein, the amount of B1 in soybean meal, cottonseed meal and rapeseed meal was 2.30, 3.32 and 13.68% respectively, and in poultry offal meal, fish meal and blood meal, in slaughterhouses were 3.45, 7.44 and 7.16% of crude protein respectively , the amount of B2 in soybean meal, cottonseed meal and rapeseed meal was 80.49, 77.50 and 68.40%, in poultry offal meal, fish meal and blood meal, respectively, 66.36, 55.03 and 61.66% respectively, the amount of B3 for soybean meal, cottonseed meal and rapeseed meal was 6.24, 2.63 and 9.11%, respectively, and poultry offal meal, fish meal and blood meal in slaughterhouses were 7.50, 6.74 and 11.91% of crude protein respectively , the protein C portion assumed in the rumen\u27s indissoluble CNCPS system in soybean meal, cottonseed meal, and rapeseed meal was 2.45, 9.92, and 4.77%, respectively, in poultry offal meal, fish meal and blood meal, respectively, 12.21 , 17.16 and 3.18% of crude protein.
Conclusion: The results indicate that the use of CNCPS and NRC data for portion fractions of different feeds cannot be considered absolutely, and domestic research and results should be used to extract samples from different regions and different growth conditions, so that the dietary regimens With these foods, it\u27s real and more balanced and with less waste of nutrients
Buffalo Husbandry for Sustainable Development of Small Farmers in India and other Developing Countries
No full textAim of this paper is to explore the potential of buffalo husbandry for providing sustainable livelihood to small farmers in the developing countries. The world population of 200 million buffaloes has been distributed over 40 countries, but 97 percent population is confined to Asia and India with 109 million buffaloes hosting 57 percent of the total population. These include swamp buffaloes, which are used for meat and draught purposes and river buffaloes which are mainly maintained for milk production. Buffalo is hardier than cattle because of its ability to digest coarse fibre but susceptible to high temperature. India is the highest buffalo milk producer in the world with over 20 breeds of river buffaloes. Among these, Murrah and Jaffarabadi are popular because of high milk yield. Introduction of breeding services using frozen semen enabled small farmers owning nondescript buffaloes, to produce superior progeny and enhance the productivity of buffaloes. With genetic improvement, health care, proper feeding and establishment of marketing network, it should be possible to enhance the milk and meat production of buffaloes in the future. There is also scope to promote buffalo husbandry for milk production in other developing countries
Economics Benefits, Growth Performance, Carcass and Meat Characteristics of Broiler Chicken Fed High Fibre Diet
No full textAims: The effects of high fibre diet fed to broilers chicken on growth, carcass performance sensory evaluation, primal cuts and meat characteristics were carried out in a eight weeks feeding trials.
Methodology: A total of two hundred and forty, day old broiler chicks of Arbor Acer breed obtained from a commercial hatchery was used for the trial. An average (33±0.12 g body weight) were weighted individually and randomly divided into three (3) Treatment with ten replicate per treatment and eight birds per replicate using a completely randomized design. The diet contained T1= 8.70% fibre; T2= 13.10% with enzyme and T3= 13.10% fibre without enzyme. Parameters measured are daily feed consumption, weekly body weights, weight gain and feed conversion ratio were properly recorded. Carcass performance parameters were measured and recorded for both the external and internal organs, primal cuts, sensory evaluation, cooking loss and yield using a standard procedure. Data were analysed using descriptive statistic and ANOVA at α0.05.
Results: There were no significant difference (P<0.05) for weight gain and feed conversion ratio while Treatment 3 had the highest daily feed consumption and weekly body weights with least daily feed consumption, and weekly body weights in Treatment 1. The result shows that there was no differs in carcass performance, external organs weight as well as internal organs weight. There was no significant difference (P<0.05) observed in the primal cuts and sensory evaluation. The cooking loss was significantly higher (P>0.05) in Treatment 1 (control with 8.7% fibre) 33.36% with least cooking loss in Treatment 3 containing 13.10% (21.54%). Treatment 3 had the highest cooking yield (78.46%) compared to other treatment.
Conclusion: Broiler chicken can be fed with 13.10% fibre diet without enzyme without any adverse effect on the growth, carcass performance, enhances better cooking yield and lower cooking loss