Asian Journal of Research in Animal and Veterinary Sciences
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Performance of Broiler Finishers Fed Diets Containing Varying Crude Protein Levels
No full textPerformance of broiler finishers fed diets containing varying crude protein levels was determined. Diets were compounded and tagged T1, T2 and T3 with percent crude protein levels of 21, 23 and 25 respectively. Two hundred and ten (210) Ross 308 four (4) week old birds were randomly allocated into one of the three dietary treatment groups with 70 birds each and replicated seven times and each replicate had 10 birds. Feed intake, water intake and body weight of the birds were determined and compared. The result of weight gain, feed conversion ratio were significantly different (P<0.05), for all the treatment while feed intake, water intake, mortality showed no significant difference (P>0.05). Feeding birds with crude protein level of 25%CP at finisher phase enhance their growth
Effects of Varying Levels of Dietary Citric Acid on Semen Characteristics and Reproductive Tract Morphometry of Rabbit Bucks
No full textThirty (30) weaner rabbit bucks at 10 weeks old were used to investigate the effects of the varying levels of dietary citric acid on reproductive parameters of rabbit bucks. The rabbits were divided randomly into five dietary groups and assigned to five treatments tagged T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 containing 0.00, 0.75, 1.50, 2.25 and 3.00% synthetic citric acid in the rabbit diets respectively. Each group had six rabbit bucks with one rabbit constituting a replicate. Semen samples were collected on the 111th day of the experiment and semen characteristics evaluated. Subsequently, 6 animals randomly selected per treatment were sacrificed and their reproductive tract morphometry evaluated. The results of the semen characteristics obtained revealed that there were no significant differences (P>0.05) in the values obtained across the dietary groups. The right testis weight, paired testis weight, right testis volume, left epididymis weight, paired epididymis weight, right epididymis length, right vas deferens weight, left vas deferens weight and paired vas deferens weight were significantly different (P<0.05) among the treatment groups. From the results obtained, it could be concluded that the inclusion of citric acid in the diets of rabbit bucks up to 3.00% did not cause detrimental effects on the testicular growth and semen characteristics of rabbit bucks
Vaginal Leiomyoma in a Crossbred Rottweiler Female Dog- a Case Report
No full textAims: To describe a vaginal leiomyoma in a five year old crossbred female dog and its surgical management by episiotomy.
Case Presentation: A five year old cross-breed female dog was presented to Aliyu Jodi Veterinary clinic sokoto-Nigeria with complaint of muscular tissue protruding out from the vaginal wall. Physical examination revealed a hard, firm, round nodular lesion on the left lateral vaginal wall caudal to the cervix and anterior to the urethral orifice extending caudally to a few centimeters away from the left vulval wall causing a gross distension of the vulval skin.
Discussion: Haematology and Histopathology result revealed normal PCV and leiomyoma. The animal was anaesthetized and the treatment was achieved by surgical excision of the mass via an episiotomy.
Conclusion: The article presents a rare case of vaginal leiomyoma in a five year old female dog. The management of this condition was carried out through surgical excision of the tumor mass with no post- operative complication in the present case
Performances of Rabbit Fed Diets with Graded Levels of Bean Offal (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
No full textAims: The aim of the study was to increase rabbit production by evaluating the effects of bean offal on the growth performance of the New Zealand rabbits breed and to reduce the economic costs of feed.
Study Design: Study was conducted in a completely randomized design.
Methodology: For this purpose, forty-eight (48) rabbits of 50 days old were divided into four equal groups each containing 12 rabbits and into sub-groups of 3 rabbits per cage, depending on the rate of incorporation of bean offal (0, 15, 22.5, and 30% respectively for T0, T15, T22.5 and T30) in a completely randomized design. The diets were iso caloric and iso nitrogenous.
Results: The results obtained showed that there was no significance (p> 0.05) different among treatment means in final live weight, weekly live weight and feed conversion ratio (FCR), however, feed intake was significantly higher in the control diet T0 (3251±554.96 g) as compared to T22.5 (31412±554.96 g). Weight gain of rabbit fed dietT22.5 was higher (3173±284.93 g) as compared to those fed on control diet T0 that recorded the lowest values (2986.67±284.93 g). Cost of production per kg of live weight was significantly higher (p<0.05) with rabbit fed on control diet T0 (7835.79±278.62 FCFA) whereas the lowest value was recorded with rabbit under diet T30 (7232.06±278.62 FCFA).
Conclusion: It is concluded that up to 22% of bean offal could be included in rabbit diet to reduce cost of feed and improve performances
Analysis of Milk and Fertility Traits in Holstein Friesian Cattle on the Plateau, Jos Nigeria
No full textThe data set for the estimation of genetic parameters for milk and fertility traits of 650 cows calved between 1992 and 2015 was obtained from the database of Integrated Dairies Limited, Jos, Nigeria. The analytical model included the effects of herd-year-season, sire, cow and residual effects. Sire, cow, and residual effects were random while all other effects were fixed. Heritability estimates for calving interval (CI), conception rate (CR), number of services per conception (NSC) and no return rate at 56 days (NRR56 days) were low and ranged between 0.028 (CR) and 0.166 (NSC) in the third parity. Milk yield had high heritability and repeatability estimates across parities. The coefficient of variation was highly variable and ranged from 14.86-43.67%. Thus, there was no indication of an adverse genetic relationship between fertility and milk production in this population and overall genetic parameters imply a good practical management on the Plateau will be essential for improving milk without deteriorating the efficiency of fertility traits in Holstein Friesian cattle
On-farm Fatality Rate of Cattle Transported to Lgboora Abattoir
No full textAims: The shortcomings in animal welfare during the transportation of cattle had led to increased mortality among animals. The aim of this study is to determine the fatality rate in cattle transported for slaughter in the Towobowo abattoir located in Igboora Ibarapa Central Local Government.
Materials and Methods: The fatality of cattle transported to Igboora abattoir was evaluated for four months. The cattle were brought to the lairage at Towobowo before they were slaughtered and sold out. They were usually brought in from Budo Musa and Thursday kraal market in Igboora. 2,196 cattle were brought to the abattoir between January and April, 2019. 12 animals were lost top transportation stress and mishandling. Data were analysed using chi square.
Results: There was not significant effect (p=0.4464) of the fatality rate across the months. Since, fatality is usually recorded mostly from the cattle brought from Budo Musa due to overcrowding in the trucks and under extreme atmospheric conditions with rough driving.
Conclusion: A conclusion of this study was that on-farm fatality could represent an important indicator for evaluating herd management and animal welfare practices. Further analysis and more structured data collection of this method would be needed in order to establish a robust method in sensitizing the farmers against the anomalous practice
Dairy Production and Marketing Constraints in the Urban and Peri-urban Settings of Ethiopia: An Implication for Poor Performance of the Dairy Sector at Small-scale Farms
No full textEthiopia has a large potential for dairy development because of its large livestock population and favorable climate for improved high yielding breeds. But milk productivity is still low as lower productive indigenous dairy animals characterize the dairy sub-sector in the country.
Aim: Hence, the study intends to assess the major dairy production and marketing constraints in the urban and peri-urban settings of Southern zone of Tigray.
Study Design: Using a multi-stage sampling procedure, cross-sectional data were collected from 184 randomly selected dairy producers.
Place and Duration of the Study: The study was conducted in the Southern Zone of Tigray regional state, Ethiopia, and it was for one-year time duration.
Methodology: The study employed both primary and secondary data where primary data were collected through pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire instrument. Descriptive analysis particularly, Likert scale was used to analyze data.
Results: Results show that farmers ranked shortage of quality animal feed, frequent drought, lower productivity of local dairy breeds and shortage of land for dairying as first priority dairy production constraints (scale lies between 1.668 to 1.75) in the study areas. Similarly, farmers perceived that poor institutional support, high price uncertainty of dairy products, lack of adequate and timely market information, high price uncertainty, domination of informal markets, lack of milk cooling and processing machines, lack of adequate dairy cooperatives and high seasonality in production and the demand for milk as the first key dairy marketing constraints in the study areas.
Conclusion: Dairy policies and strategies in the study areas should primarily focus on improving the institutional arrangements, raise the awareness on adoption of milk enhancing improved dairy technologies and dairy intensification in small landholding to improve the dairy productivity in the areas. Moreover, strengthening the existing and establishing newly emerging institutionalized markets such as dairy cooperatives and milk processing plants encourage urban and peri-urban dairy commercialization, which could also contribute to the household food security and income diversification
Isolation and Identification of Mycotoxigenic Organisms in Poultry Feed from Selected Locations in Abia State, Nigeria
No full textFeed contamination by fungi can lead to nutrient losses and detrimental effects on animal health and production. This present study was designed to isolate and identify the mycological contamination of poultry feeds in some selected parts of Abia state (farms and feed depots in Umuahia north, Osisioma and its environs). A total of 120 samples were collected and used for the study. The samples were screened and processed using spread plate technique. The isolates were identified using slide culture technique. From the samples collected, the fungi contamination in feed samples from depots in Umuahia was 50%, Osisioma 78% and in farms it was 85%. Five fungi organisms were isolated from the feed sample which includes Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, Mucor and yeast which were seen in almost all the feed samples. Aspergilllus (87%) recorded the highest percentage occurrence, followed by Penicillium (27%), Fusarium (24%), yeast (5%) and Mucor (2%). The total fungi load was significant at 2.0 × 105CFU/g=1 for feed samples from Umuahia North Local government Area, 7× 105CFU/g=1 from Osisioma feed depot and 1× 106CFU/g=1 from poultry farms thereby making the feed samples unsafe for poultry consumption. Therefore, there is need for screening of feeds in these locations in Abia state due to its high fungal load and percentage contamination
Incidence and Economics of Mastitis in Tamil Nadu
No full textThis study was conducted to understand the incidence of Mastitis infection at the farm level. Data were collected from a sample of 120 cattle farms randomly selected from 12 blocks of Tiruvannamalai and Villupuram districts of Tamil Nadu respectively. Incidence of mastitis infection was high (72.5%) during monsoon, though the spread of mastitis was found throughout the year. Majority (83.3 per cent) of animals in lactation of 30 to 90 days had higher incidence of mastitis. Two-thirds (75%) of the animals in first and second lactation had high incidence rate of Mastitis. The overall average treatment cost was estimated to be ` 417 per day and the average number of days of illness was 4.19 days which resulted in an average overall treatment cost of ` 1747.92. Improper hygienic management practices lead to the increased incidence of Mastitis at the farm level. Educating the cattle owners on importance of the hygienic management practices and Clean Milk Production (CMP) through extension outreach centres and by field veterinarians would reduce the incidence of mastitis
Performance and Health Status of Arbor Acres Broiler Chickens Raised with Routine Administration of Fluoroquinolones
No full textAim: The study was carried out to evaluate the effect of routine administration of fluoroquinolones on performance, haematology, and serum biochemistry indices of Arbor Acre broiler chickens.
Study Design: The experiment employed a completely randomized design; all data generated were subjected to analysis of variance, P=0.05.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, between February and March, 2014.
Methodology: One hundred and eighty unsexed one-day old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were used in a 48-day study. Broiler chicks were distributed into four experimental treatments viz; control, enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin. Birds were administered with 10 mg/kg body weight of the selected fluoroquinolones for 3 days on week 2, 4, and 6. On Day 39, 3 birds per treatment were randomly selected and blood collection was done through jugular puncture. Selected haematological and serum biochemistry parameters were analyzed to determine the health status of the birds. Growth Performance of the experimental birds were evaluated on day 48.
Results: Performance results of the experimental birds showed significant differences (P≤0.05) for daily weight gain, daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio. The group supplemented with ciprofloxacin had the best performance. Selected fluoroquinolones had no influence on haematological indices evaluated. Serum indices showed significant (P≤0.05) differences for Aspartate Amino Tranferase (AST) among the treatments. Control had the highest mean value for AST (85.32±5.12 I.U/L) compared to other treatments.
Conclusion: The results obtained in this study indicated that routine administration of fluoroquinolones had effect on some performance and health status indices of Abor Acres chickens when compared with the control