Asian Journal of Research in Animal and Veterinary Sciences
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Performance of Uda Rams Fed Graded Levels of Two Forms of Kanwa
No full textAn experiment was conducted to evaluate the utilization of trona (kanwa) in the diet of yearling Uda rams. A complete experimental diet was formulated and graded levels of different forms of trona at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 0kg of maifatsi and yarzankuwa per 100 kg inclusion levels. The experimental diet was fed to twenty eight (28) yearling Uda rams. Data was collected on different form of Kanwa and analyze of chemical composition of different forms of trona (kanwa), and: determination of feed intake and growth performance. The mineralogical composition of the trona indicates that yarzankuwa and maifatsi contained Na (18,000 and 20,400), K (5,000 and 5,000), P (6.30 and 8.25) in mg/kg respectively. Results on rams performance revealed significant difference (P<0.05) between treatment 2 and other treatments in terms of average daily gain (ADG), final body weight as well as the feed conversion ratio. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in final body weight of rams fed 10 g / kg maifatsi (T2) compared to other treatments
Histopathological Lesions of Coccidiosis Natural Infestation in Chickens
No full textCoccidiosis is a disease that is caused by protozoan parasite belonging to the subclass coccidia and family Eimeridae, developing within the intestine of most domestic and wild animals and birds. Seven species of Eimeria (E. acervulina, E. brunetti, E. maxima, E. mitis, E. necatrix, E. praecox and E. tenella) are recognized as infecting chickens. This study is part of the diagnostic investigations carried out to record the incidence of coccidiosis in chickens from different poultry farms sent to Central Diagnostic Laboratory of National veterinary research institute Vom Nigeria for diagnosis. The clinical signs observed include greenish, yellowish, brown bloody stool, inactivity, off feed, weight lost, huddling, drop in feed intake, drop in production, emaciation, comb and wattles pale, anemia and sudden death. Gross lessions include ballooned and haemorrhagic intestine while histopathological lesions revealed loss of epithelial tissue, congestion of blood vessels which indicated disruption followed by leakage of blood, severe mucosal oedema, necrosis of submucosa, loss of villi and marked haemorrhages, presence oocyst within the intestinal villi and lymphoid cells showing hyperplasia. It can be concluded that clinical signs, gross and histopathological examination can be used as a tool for diagnosis of coccidiosis
Molecular Detection of Mycoplasma synoviae Infection in Poultry
No full textMycoplasma synoviae (MS) is an economically important pathogen of poultry, causing respiratory infection and synovitis in chickens and turkeys. Early detection of MS infection is of critical importance for subsequent prevention and control measures; in this view the present research was undertaken for detection of MS infection in the poultry birds from selected farms of India. A total of 165 choanal cleft swabs from chickens (48 broilers + 117 layers) suspected for Mycoplasma infection were processed for direct detection of MS infection by PCR and cultural isolation. Out of 165 choanal cleft swabs subjected to species specific 16S rRNA PCR, MS was detected in overall 4.2% of specimens with incidence rate of 3.4% and 6.25% in layers and broilers respectively. In vlhA gene PCR, a gene fragment ranging from ~360bp to ~380bp was amplified in all seven 16S rRNA positive samples. The amplicon size varied in samples belonging to different geographical regions i.e. samples from Maharashtra region yielded ~360 bp product whereas from Delhi and Kolkata regions the PCR product was of ~380bp. The blast analysis of sequences of representative sample showed the 99.34% identity with vlhA gene of various MS strains including MS-H strain. The GenBank accession no. MN602747 obtained from NCBI. In cultural isolation all 165 samples including seven PCR positive specimens were turned out to be negative for recovery of MS. Thus, PCR was found to be a rapid, simple, sensitive and cost effective alternative to cultural isolation
Goat Farming in the Arganeraie of Agadir in Morocco: Livestock System and Production Parameters
No full textIn order to characterize goat farming of the arganeraie in the province of Agadir in Morocco. A structured questionnaire survey and individual monitoring of farm animals were conducted in 35 randomly selected goat farmers in 9 villages of Amskroud commune in Agadir province. The results obtained show that the livestock system is extensive, traditional and oriented exclusively for the production of meat. The goat herd is heterogeneous and composed mainly of local breeds, with the dominance of the Atlas (Black) and Barcha breeds which represent approximately 80% of all goats. The prolificacy rate is 108.25%, the true fertility rate is 78.24%, while the apparent fertility is 69.83%. The mode of reproduction is free without the control of farmers and consanguinity is widespread. For 45.72% of farmers, the age at first kidding is approximately 12 months, while for 37.14% it is less than 12 months and for 8.57% it is between 14 and 24 months. The kidding are spread throughout the year and the number of calving per goat per year is 1 for 71.43% of farmers, while it is 1.5 for 28.57%. The interval between successive kidding is very variable. For 34.29% of farmers the kidding interval is greater than 12 months, 31.43% have an interval less than 8 months and 28.57% have an interval between 8 months and 12 months. Abortions are found among the 65.71% of farmers surveyed with an abortion rate of 28.42%. The overall mortality rate is high with a youth mortality rate <1year is 3.4% and that of youth> 1year is 9.36%. There is a virtual absence of food supplementation, health care and adequate infrastructure. Goat farming in the region faces several constraints (socio-economic, food, health, environmental and livestock management) that reduce its productivity and limit its development
Analysis of Climate Trends and Livestock Disease Occurrence in Kajiado County
No full textClimate change is argued to have a major impact on livestock production systems as it does not only affect livestock productivity but it also affects the incidence and distribution of livestock diseases. With the changing climate, pastoral production systems are likely to experience even a higher impact on their sources of livelihoods. The objective of the study was to analyse climate trends and livestock disease occurrence in Kajiado County. The study used a cross-sectional design with primary data being collected through focus group discussions (FGD), key informant interviews (KIIs), and expert opinion interviews (EOIs), while secondary data was collected from the Kenya Meteorological Services and County Veterinary Services. A total of 10 FGDs, 25 KIIs, and 12 EOIs were conducted in selected areas within the five sub-counties of Kajiado. Quantitative data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics while qualitative data was analyzed through Kruskall Wallis non-parametric method and content analysis. The findings show that there was an increase in variability in rainfall amounts and temperature between 1970 and 2015. For rainfall, the coefficient of variation rose from 21.6% (1970 to 1993) to 32.02% (1994 to 2015) while for temperature, the increment was from 2.6% (1970 to 1993) to 4.04% (1994 to 2015). There was no significant change in the average annual temperature and rainfall amounts between 1970 and 2015 (P > 0.05). Among livestock diseases, trypanosomiasis and helminthiasis reportedly had higher occurrences according to records obtained from the Veterinary department but according to pastoralists, East coast fever, Foot and mouth disease, anthrax, black quarter, pestes des petits ruminants and contagious caprine pleuropneumonia were the diseases that were significantly affecting the livestock (Z >1.96). In conclusion, the study showed that there was evidence of climate variability with livestock diseases impacting significantly on livestock production which is a major source of livelihoods for pastoralists
Effect of Weaning Age on the Survival Rate and Growth Performance of Rabbits Kept in the Western Highlands of Cameroon
No full textA study was conducted at the Nazareth Agro Pastoral Training Centre in Bamenda, Cameroon to determine the effect of weaning age on the survival rate and growth performances of rabbits kept in the Western Highlands of Cameroon. The research lasted for five months starting from April to August 2014 and aiming at looking for the appropriate age of weaning rabbit kits. Live weight and solid feed intake were recorded after every seven days depending on the kindling date of each doe to determine their increase in weight. The litter size, still birth, mortality and weaning age were monitored for all the kits. The rabbits were weighed pre-kindling and on the day of kindling with their kits. The mortality rate was registered as well as the feed consumed during this period. Doe selection was done based on live body weight. The does were grouped into three groups: one having does with weights less than 2900g, group two having does with weight ranging between 2900g and 3200g and the last group with does with live weights above 3200g. Weaning was done in three phases 21days, 28days, and 35days, respectively. Data collected from the experiment were subjected to Analysis of Variance and Descriptive Statistics using Microsoft Excel application. The results obtained showed that there was a significant difference (P<0.05) among means of average weights of animals weaned at the 21 days, 28 days and 35 days of age. The best survival rates of rabbit kids were obtained when the animals were weaned at 35days of age
A Case Study of Rabies in a Two Month Old Bull Calf in Bauchi, Nig
No full textOn 8th November, 2019, a herdsman brought a complain to the clinic of the National Veterinary Research Institute, Bauchi outstation laboratory, Bauchi state, Nigeria, of his 2-month-old calf which was bitten 6-weeks ago by his unvaccinated suspected rabid dog, which was responsible for guarding the cattle herd. The calf had been showing some nervous signs and was unable to suckle 2 days prior to the case presentation. During a visit to the herd, the following observations were made on the calf: abnormal bellowing, drooling salivation, emaciation, hypersensitivity, inability to suckle, straining, dehydration, epilation and scars of healed wounds on the forelimbs. The calf was euthanized, a portion of the brain was collected and sent to Rabies Laboratory of the National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau state, Nigeria for confirmatory diagnosis using direct fluorescent antibody test (FAT). The brain tissue sample was positive for rabies. The hard to reach nomadic cattle herders with rabies unvaccinated dogs guarding their herds could hinder rabies national control and elimination program. Although cattle are dead-end hosts, human exposure is possible due to close contact which may expose man to infected saliva, aerosol and splashes of infected tissues at slaughter. Therefore, there is need for equitable transfer of knowledge on prompt reporting of dog bite cases and urgent national implementation of strategic rabies elimination program to prevent economic losses or/and rabies transmission to humans
Foreshortened Maxilla in Farmed Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792) from Argentina
No full textSeveral types of maxilla deformities have been reported in various species of fish. In salmonids, the maxilla deformities are observed with frequency. Here we report eight cases of a rainbow trout, five females and three males, adult, with upper maxilla foreshortening. The specimens studied came from an establishment located in the fish farmer located in the Patagonia, Argentina
Evaluation of Weight and Growth Rates of Awassi Sheep Lambs
No full textThis study was conducted at Al-Fjaj station using of 2262 records to evaluate some non-genetic factors affecting Awassi lambs body weight and growth rate in Jordan. Data were analyzed by SAS program using General Linear Model (GLM). Least Square Means of body weight at birth (BW), at weaning -60 days (W60), at the age of 180 days (W180) and yearling age (W360), were 4.43±0.04, 18.07±0.21, 35.96±0.35, 59.71±0.94 kg, respectively. Growth rates from birth to weaning (GR1), from weaning to 180 days of age (GR2) and from 180 days to yearling age (GR3), were 0.216±0.03, 0.141±0.03, 0.131±0.002 (kg/day), respectively. All studied traits were significantly affected (p<0.01) by year of production (YP) and interaction between birth type (BT) and (YP). Sex of lamb (SL) had a highly significant effect (p<0.01) on BW, W60 and GR1. The BW, W60 and GR2 were significantly affected (p<0.01) by (BT) and also W180 and GR2 were significantly affected by (BT) and age of ewe (AE), respectively. The results of the present study suggested that lamb body weight and growth rate could be increased by improved management of Awassi lambs under rearing condition in Jordan
Percentage Viability Spermatozoa in Post-Thawing Boer Buck Semen with Addition of Sweet Orange Essential Oil to Tris Yolk Extender
No full textAims: To ddetermined the effect of the addition of sweet orange essential oil for tris yolk extender to percentage viability spermatozoa in Boer Buck frozen semen.
Study Design: Randomized Block Design.
Place and Duration of Study: Sample: Laboratory Reproduction of Loka Penelitian Kambing Potong Sei Putih Indonesia, between January and March 2019.
Methodology: The research procedure starts with the preparation of semen extender, collection of fresh semen, dilution of semen, equilibration, freezing of semen, and thawing. This research obtained conducted using a Randomized Block Design consisting of 5 treatment levels and five replications. Semen storage using 3 Boer bucks, which has done for three days. As a treatment is the addition of sweet orange essential oil as much as (P0) 0%, (P1) 0.25%, (P2) 0.5%, (P3) 0.75% and (P4) 1% on the tris yolk extender. The observed variable was percentage viability spermatozoa evaluated before freezing and after freezing (Post-Thawing).
Results: The results showed that the addition of sweet orange essential oil had a very significant effect (P <0.01). The results of adding sweet orange essential oil to the extender (Post-Thawing) were 44.8% (P0), 49% (P1), 51.8% (P2), 55.2% (P3) and 59% (P4).
Conclusion: It can be concluded that addition of sweet orange oil to tris yolk extender at 1% gave best results