Asian Journal of Research in Animal and Veterinary Sciences
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Acaricidal Activity of Azadaritcha indica L. (Meliaceae) Essential Oil against the Dermanyssus gallinae of Poultry: In Vitro
No full textDermanyssus gallinae, red mite, has been considered one of the most serious problems to poultry industry worldwide. The acaricidal activity of the Azadaritcha indica essential oil against the red mites of poultry was investigated. The effect of A. indica essential oils was assessed by contact and fumigation bioassays in laboratory. Freshly collected adults red mites from poultry houses were exposed to the A. indica essential oils at concentrations of 0.5%, 1% and 2% in Petri dishes/ vials in laboratory at 27 ᴼC and 60-70% relative humidity over a period of 24 hrs. Post treatment, the red mites were collected and counted to determine the mortality rates for each concentration in different interval periods. The result of contact and fumigation bioassays revealed that, the A. indica essential oil possesses significant (P<0.05) acaricidal activity at different concentrations against D.gallinae under laboratory conditions and cause significant (P<0.05) mortality rate of red mites compared to control group. The mortality rate of red mites researched the peak (100%) with concentration of 2% at 24 hrs post treatment. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that A. indica essential oil possesses acaricidal activity and could be used as potential alternative for controlling of D. gallinae in poultry farms
Assessment of Dairy Cows for Milk Yield in the Cool Tropical Climate of Plateau State, Nigeria
No full textGenetic improvements of milk yield in the tropics necessitate the use of exotic cattle to the upgrade the performance of local cattle. The data for the study came from two different genotypes namely Holstein Friesian and FriesianxBunaji crossbred on the Plateau State in Nigeria. Milk production traits measured were 305-day fat corrected milk yield, daily milk yield, 100-day fat corrected milk yield, total fat yield, total protein yield and lactation length. Six milk production indices (Fat corrected milk yield kilogram weight; FCM Kg W, fat corrected milk yield kilogram metabolic weight; FCM Kg MW, fat corrected milk yield per day per kilogram weight; FCM/day/kgW, fat corrected milk yield per day per kilogram metabolic weight; FCM/day/kgMW, net energy efficiency and dairy merit). The R 3.0.3 statistical software was used for basic descriptive, t-test and regression analysis. Milk production traits were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by genotype. Neural network models had the best prediction accuracy for estimating milk yield. It is concluded that considerable genetic variation existed between genotypes in milk production and efficiency traits
Effects of Age on the Physical Semen Characteristics of Arbor Acres Broilers under Sudan Conditions
No full textBackground and objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of age on semen characteristics of arbor acres cocks reared in Sudan.
Materials and Methods: One day old ten male broiler chicks were randomly selected and reared in cages. Temperature was adjusted at 25Cᵒ and photostimulation program of arbor acres breeder was applied. They were fed pre-starter ration in the first week, starter ration in 2-5 weeks , growing ration in 6-18 weeks, pre-production ration 19-23 weeks and production ration 24- 42 weeks of age . Semen samples were weekly collected from the 22nd week up to 42th .Semen samples were evaluated for color, volume (SV), sperm mass motility (MM), percent of individual motility percent (IMP), live sperm (LSP), concentration (SC) and abnormal sperm percent (ASP).
Results: Out of the 230 samples obtained ,197 (85.65%) were creamy and 27 (11.74%) were white milky in consistency, the other 6 (2.61%) samples were turbid and watery. The mean values obtained for SV (0.29±0.02 ml), MM (2.25±0.63) in the 26th week of age were significantly higher compared to the initial collection values (0.24±0.12/ml), (1.75±0.54 ) respectively where they tended to decrease gradually with advanced age . However, at the 30th weeks of age the values obtained for IMP (81.62±9.36), LSP (87.70±4.15) and SC (3.21±1.62) were higher, compared to the initial values and decreased with advanced age thereafter. The values obtained for ASP in the 22nd week of age were significantly higher (9.63±4.26) compared to the following values up to the end of the experiment where a general pattern of reduction was observed.
Conclusions: It is concluded that semen characteristics of Arbor Acres cocks reared in Sudan are within the normal range and are adversely affected by advanced age
Cystic Echinococcosis among Livestock in Arabia Peninsula: A Systemic Review and Meta-analysis
No full textCystic echinococcosis/cystic hydatidosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the larval stages of taeniid cestodes of the genus Echinococcus. The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of echinococcosis among the livestock in Arabia Peninsula countries including Yemen, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirate (UAE), Oman, Kuwait, Bahrain and Qatar. Literature searches were performed on PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Google scholar for English language articles from June 2000 to June 2021. The prevalence of cystic echinococcosis was estimated using the random effects meta-analysis. Of the 4477 records identified in the electronic databases, 713 articles met eligibility criteria. Out of 713, 19 studies addressed a total number of 1132538 individuals from the whole livestock were subjected to meta-analysis. The results revealed that, the pooled prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in livestock at Arabia peninsula countries was 13.4% (95% CI 10.8 –16.0) with high level of heterogeneity (I2 = 100%, P < 0.001). Based on countries, subgroup meta-analysis demonstrated that, the pooled prevalence rates were 10.5 %( 95% Cl 6.9-14), 9.3% (95% Cl 5.-13.5) and 34.1% (95% Cl 9.9-58.1) in S. Arabia, Yemen and Oman respectively. No publications on prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in livestock in UAE, Kuwait, Bahrain and Qatar were found. The Cattle had the highest prevalence rate 74.1(95% Cl, 0 -15-1.096) of infection; while, goats had the lowest prevalence rate 4.7% (95% Cl, 4.2-13.6). Significant differences have been observed (P < 0.001) among different animals\u27 species. In the term of diagnostic tool, the prevalence rates were 9.7% (95% Cl: 6.9-12.4), 14.7% (95%Cl: 13.5.-16.0) and 79.0% (95% Cl: 74.084.0) for post mortem inspection, serological and Haemagglutination & Molecular assays respectively. Significant differences were observed (P < 0.001) among prevalence rates of different diagnostic techniques used. In conclusion, the results showed that, cystic echinococcosis is prevalent among livestock in Arabia Peninsula countries. Given to the importance of cystic echinococcosis on health of domestic animals industry, the results of this study could be valuable in developing strategies for prevention and control of the cystic echinococcosis in livestock
Effect of Feeding Diet with Paddy (Oryza sativa) and Redworm (Perionyx excavates) on Growth Performance of Free Range Go Cong Chicken
No full textAims: This present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding various levels of paddy with redworms (Perionyx excavates) on growth performance of Go Cong chicken under free range system of rearing.
Experimental design: A total of 250 free range Go Cong chicken from 5 to 14 week of age with five treatments including control treatment consists of 100% self-mixed feed and 3 treatments with paddy and redworm levels 20% (TQ20); 25% (TQ25); 30% (TQ30) respectively; and treatment with 100% paddy (LUA) were included in the study.
Place and duration of study: The study was conducted in Thanh My hamlet, Thanh Duc commune, Long Ho district, Vinh Long province.
Methodology: All chickens included were cared under uniform managemental conditions. Every morning, cleaning the trough, weighing the leftover food in the trough and feeding the chickens with new food. Food and water was ensured to be enough in the trough.
Growth targets: Body weight, body weight gain, average feed consumption and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were collected for growth targets in each experimental period.
Results: At 14 weeks of age, the heaviest weight was found in the control treatment (1299.40g) similar to TQ25; and the lowest one was LUA treatment (966.00g) (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in feed intake between all treatments (P>0.05). At 5 to 14 weeks of age stage, the lowest value of FCR was revealed in the control (3.73), similar to TQ25 treatment and was statistically significant different from LUA treatment (5.56)(P <0.05). The livability of 4 treatments TQ20, TQ25, TQ 30% and control were 100% while LUA was 95% of livability.
Conclusion: In summary, the feeding treatment containing 25% Perionyx excavatus and 75% paddy revealed the best results and can be suggested to apply for raising free range chicke
Studies on Egg Shell Meal as Mineral Source for West African Dwarf Goats
No full textAims: The studies on eggshell meal (ESM) as mineral source for West African Dwarf (WAD) goats was carried out the determine the effects of non-conventional mineral source on WAD goats.
Study design: The goats were randomly allotted to 4 dietary treatments, having five replicates with goats on T1 receiving the control diet (0%) while those on T2, T3 and T4 received 0.5%, 1.00% and 1.50% levels of ESM inclusion, respectively in aa completely randomized design (CRD).
Place and duration of study: The experiment was carried out at the Department of Animal Production, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Nigeria, between August and September, 2015.
Methodology: Twenty (20) WAD goats with an average body weight of 5.84kg were used for this experiment. Eggshell was obtained from food vendors (mashayi), and sterilized with hot water without removing the shell membranes. It was then sun- dried and milled. The forage (Northern gamba grass) were harvested fresh and allowed to wilt before feeding it to the goats. Parameters such as performance, haematology and serum biochemistry were assessed.
Results: Apart from the mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) which was significantly affected (P<0.05) by the inclusion of ESM, none of the other haematological, performance and serum biochemical parameters were significantly affected. For MCH, T1 and T2 were significantly higher than T3 and T4.
Conclusion: the study showed that the inclusion of ESM did not adversely affect the performance, haematology and serum biochemistry of WAD goats. The use of ESM is strongly recommended as a source of mineral (especially calcium) for WAD goats. Egg shell meal is cheap and readily available. When it is harnessed in this way, it will not constitute environmental pollution but will rather reduce the cost of livestock feed since it is freely available, unlike bone meal which is expensive because of its high demand
Study on Physiological and Biochemical Evalutions of Horses Affected by Gastrointestinal Tract Disturbances
No full textAim: This study was carried out to investigate causes, signs, some Physiological and Biochemical Parameters, and controlling of pain in Horse Affected by Gastrointestinal Tract Disturbances.
Study Design: The number of 66 horses were used in this study. The horses were divided into two groups. Group I consist of (50 horses) showing signs of digestive system (GIT) disturbances, group II consist of (16 horses) showing normal clinical signs of digestive and used as control group.
Place and Duration of Study: Sample collection: Nyala south Darfur state – Sudan, and sample analysis: University of Nyala Faculty of veterinary science, department of physiology and biochemistry, Nyala –Sudan between December 2019 and April 2021.
Methodology: the case history and clinical examination was done to all , surveyed animals, the physiological parameters (respiratory rate, pulse rates, rectal temperature, eye mucous membrane colour) and biochemical parameters (plasma total protein, albumin, urea, creatinine, triecylglyceride, Creatinine, LDH,ALP,ALT, phosphate) were examined.
Results: Over feeding of bean leaves was the most common cause of GIT Disturbance, followed by over feeding of grain, clove, unknown causes, natural grazing, Babesiosis, over drinking of water (Table,1). Some cases showed signs of colic such as flank watching, strechining of the belly, rolling, and running and no signs of pain was noticed in other cases (Table,2) Nefopam injection was found better than Diclofenac Sodium in controlling of colicky horses whereas Respiration rate, puls rate, and rectal temperature were significantly increased in horses affected by GIT-Disturbances( tale,3), in addition to increasing of total Protein, Albumin, Globulin,Urea, Creatinine, Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), but no significant changes in Triglyceride and phosphate were noticed (Table,4).
Conclusion: Causes of equine gastro intestinal disturbance are variable but most of them are related to the management. This study found that respiration rate and pulse rate in addition to rectal temperature were increased due to equine gastro-intestinal disturbance in addition to behavioral changes were recorded in some cases, so non-steroidal anti-inflammatory is needed for controlling pain, we recommend using of Nefopam injection in horses with severe pain. When usage of other drugs are necessary such as anti-biotic attention must be paid to the effect of that drugs on the liver and kidney in addition to administration of intra-venous infusions to return urea and creatinine to their normal level and to rehydrated the infected horse
G and P Genotypes of Group A Rotavirus in Diarrheic Calves in Costa Rica
No full textRotavirus infections are the most common causes of infectious diarrhea in young children and animals worldwide. We performed a genotyping of rotavirus strains by RT-PCR for G (VP7) and P (VP4), in diarrhea samples from calves, in several locations in Costa Rica. Combinations of genotypes G (VP7) and P (VP4) were identified in cattle: 4 (26%) corresponding to G8 P [11], 4 (24%) to G6P [11], 3 (19%) to G8P [7], 2 (13%) to G10P [1], 3 (19%) to G10P [11], and 1 (6%) to G8P [1] and mixed infections. This research represents the first report of bovine rotavirus strains (calves) in Costa Rica and in the Central American region
Efficacy of Buparvaquone Treatment in Pregnant Cows Infect with Theileria Species in Sudan
No full textA total of 100 pregnant cows from various private livestock farms of Al Nuba town, Al Gezira State, Sudan was selected to assess the therapeutic effect of buparvaquone in bovine theileriosis. Theileriosis was diagnosed before treatment by blood smears and PCR. Theileria spp. infected animals (n=96) were divided into three groups based on their gestation period; A (6 months, n=25), B (7 months, n=41) and C (8 months, n=30). Each group was subdivided into two subgroups; treated animals [T (n=68) including; TA (n=16), TB (n=28) and TC (n=24)] and non-treated animals [NT (n=28) including; NTA (n=9), NTB (n=13) and NTC (n=6)]. The subgroups TA, TB and TC were treated with buparvaquone at the dose rate of 2.5 mg/kg body weight intramuscularly. All cows were re-examined clinically and laboratory using blood smears and PCR four and six weeks after treatment. The overall recovered cows showed significant (P≤ 0.05) differences between treated and non-treated animals; the recovery percentages in treated animals (T) were 38.2% and 66.2% after 4 and 6 weeks of treatment, respectively, while in the non-treated groups (NT) the percentages were 0% and 39.3% after the same time. A variation in recovery percentage was observed among animals based on the gestation period; the recovery percentages were 18.7%, 32.1% and 58.3% after 4 weeks of treatment and 81.3%, 57.1% and 66.7% after 6 weeks of treatment for group TA, TB, and TC, respectively. The recovery percentage was 0% for NTA, NTB and NTC after 4 weeks and 33.3%, 38.5% and 50% after 6 weeks for the same groups. In conclusion, buparvaquone is quite effective against bovine theileriosis. However, it could be less effective between 6 and 8 months of pregnancy. The highest recovery percentage is found in cows in 8th and 6th months of gestation after 4 and 6 weeks of treatment, respectively
Enhancing Levels of Vitamins A, C, and E (Anti-oxidants) in Broiler-Feeds to Improve Their Feed Conversion Ratios and Reduce Cost of Production
No full textTo evaluate effects of additional levels of Vitamins A, C, E (Antioxidants) in Broiler feeds on feed conversion ratio (FCR) and cost of producing 1kg weight of Broiler (meat).
The research was carried out at the poultry unit of the Teaching and Research farm of the college of veterinary medicine, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State between September and October 2019.
50 day old chicks were randomly allocated into two groups of 25 birds each: Group A and Group B. Group A, the treatment group received commercial feed plus additional levels of Vitamins A, C, E while group B, the control received only commercial feed. Water was given to both groups ad libitum. The birds were weighed weekly till approximately 1.3 kg live weight was recorded. Both the age at which they weighed 1.25 kg and the cost were calculated and recorded. Other Parameters evaluated include: daily feed intake, weight gain, and Feed conversion ratio. At 4th week, the group fed with antioxidants weighed 1.25 kg live weight at #650 cost of production, while the control group weighed 1.3 kg at 5th week at the cost of #944. There were significant differences in feed intake (P=.05), in average weight gain (P=.05) and FCR (P=.05) between the two groups.
This study suggests that additional levels of Vitamins A, C, and E enhanced growth performance, decrease FCR and reduce cost of production