Asian Journal of Research in Animal and Veterinary Sciences
Not a member yet
374 research outputs found
Sort by
Oxidative Stress in Transition Dairy Cattle: Current Knowledge and the Potential Impact of Supplementing Organic Trace Elements
No full textThe transition period in dairy cows entails three weeks around the time of calving and is considered a critical time for the entire lactation cycle. During that time, cows can demonstrate tremendous alterations of metabolic status and a dramatic change in cow`s immune system, as well as the pro-oxidant/antioxidant status. In this review, we present contemporary perspectives of the redox status in dairy cattle during the transition period and its effects on health and production with special reference to metabolic derangements, insulin resistance, assessment of redox status and the potential significance of supplementing non-organic and chelating trace elements to the transition cows
Influence of Different Cryoprotocols and Strains on the Sperm Viability of FUNAAB Alpha Chickens
No full textSemen preservation is an essential tool used for a successful application of artificial insemination in livestock industry. Studies on semen quality characteristics on poultry breeds and strains after cryopreservation have been carried out but none has been reported for Nigeria FUNAAB alpha chickens. Three studies were carried out to evaluate the different cryoprotocols on viability of cryopreserved spermatozoa of FUNAAB alpha chickens.
Thirty cocks 25-30 weeks old of normal feather, naked neck and frizzle feather of FUNAAB alpha chickens were used for this experiment. The semen samples were diluted in Tris-based extender. The semen samples were divided into 2 parts. One part washed with normal saline water by centrifuging at 500xg once for 5 minutes in order to remove seminal plasma while the second part was unwashed. Washed and unwashed semen samples were cryopreserved using slow and rapid cryoprotocols, thereafter samples were evaluated for sperm viability. The experiment was laid out in 3x2x2 factorial arrangement. Data obtained were subjected to two-way ANOVA. Higher (p<0.05) motility was observed in washed spermatozoa from Frizzled Feather (FF) subjected to slow freezing (SF) compared to others strains either washed or unwashed, SF or RF protocols. Lower (p<0.05) motility of washed spermatozoa from Normal Feather (NF), Naked Neck (NN) and Frizzled Feather (FF) subjected to rapid freezing (RF) were comparable with washed spermatozoa from NN and unwashed NN subjected to SF and RF. Results for livability, acrosome integrity, seminal Leukocytes and MDA concentration were comparable (p>0.05) for unwashed and washed spermatozoa from NN, NF and FF, subjected to slow and rapid freezing cryoprotocols.
The study concluded that slow and rapid freezing cryoprotocols had a deleterious effect on the spermatozoa of NF, NN, FF and removal of seminal plasma through centrifugation did not improve the viability of the spermatozoa
Haematological Indices of Growing Rabbits Fed Herbaceous Plants as Sole Diet
No full textCompetition between humans and animals for food is inevitable since some feed stuffs used as animal feed are also consumed by humans. Therefore, suitable alternatives for animal feed are compelling. This study was conducted with 32 mixed bred (New Zealand white and Chinchilla) growing rabbits (16 bucks and 16 does of 7 to 8 weeks old and of average weight 1.03kg) for a period of seven (7) weeks to assess haematological indices of rabbits fed herbaceous plants as sole diet. The rabbits were completely randomized into Corchorus olitorius (T1), Moringa oleifera (T2) and Telfairia occidentalis (T3) and commercial feed as the control diet (T0), with each treatment having eight rabbits, in four replicates of two rabbits per replicate. Blood samples were collected pre and post exposure to the treatment. Haematological parameters assayed were packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was carried out for the assessment of the variations in these parameters. The values obtained (Mean ± SD) for each blood parameter pre-exposure to the treatment were within the normal physiological range of healthy rabbit, except the value of the Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) which was lower than the normal physiological range. Blood indices assayed for, post exposure to treatment showed significant difference (P < 0.05) in the Mean corpuscular hemoglobin. Based on the data from the haematological parameters. It was concluded that Corchorus olitorius could solely sustain rabbits with no adverse effect on their well being
Histogenesis of the Camel(Camelus dromedarius) Foetal Ovary with Special Emphasis to the Follicular Development and its Histometric Characteristics
No full textThe aims of the present study are to investigate the histology of the different components of the foetal camel ovary, with special emphasis to the ovarian follicles and to determinate some histometric characteristics of the ovary during prenatal life. The present study was conducted in 79 foeti at different ages of development. The specimens were classified into first trimester (19 foeti), second trimester (26 foeti) and third trimester (34 foeti) according to the equation .The curved crown vertebral rump length (CVRL) equation Y= 0.366X-23.99 which was described by ELWishy et al., (1981) was used for the determination of the foetal age (X) in days from the known (Y) curved crown rump length in centimeters. Then the standard histological techniques were used to prepare the histological slides. The primordial germ cells migrated through the mesentery and were found between the cells of the surface epithelium. The first primordial follicles appeared at (25 cm CVRL) about (134 days old foetus) while at (28 cm CVRL) about (142 days old foetus) the first primary follicle was observed and at (65 cm CVRL) about (243 days old foetus) the first growing follicle was formed. The antral follicles were found only during the third trimester
Influence of Season on the Ovarian Biometry, Oocyte Yield and Quality in Buffaloes
No full textThe present experiment was designed to study the effect of seasonal variations on ovarian biometry, ovarian surface visible follicle number, oocyte recovery rate, and quality of recovered oocytes in buffaloes. Ovaries were collected from slaughtered buffaloes during the winter and summer seasons. The size (length and width) and weight of each ovary were measured. Grossly visible follicles on the surface of the ovary were counted, aspirated and oocytes were retrieved and evaluated. The biometrical studies revealed that the length and weight of the right ovaries were significantly higher (p<0.05) during the winter than in the summer season. However, the effect of season on the length, width, and weight of left ovaries and ovaries with corpus luteum and without corpus luteum was non-significant. The average surface follicle count per ovary was significantly (p<0.05) higher in ovaries collected during winter season than in summer. Furthermore, a significantly higher (p<0.05) oocyte recovery rate was obtained from the ovaries collected during the winter season. Ovaries collected during the winter and summer season had a higher (p<0.05) proportion of grade-A and grade-D oocytes, respectively. The results indicated that summer can adversely affect the functional activity of the ovaries to produce follicles suitable to give a high incidence of good quality oocytes
Genetic Parameters of Growth Traits of Indigenous Guinea Fowls (Numida meleagris galeatea) from Northern Ghana
No full textThis study was carried out to estimate some genetic parameters of growth traits of indigenous guinea fowls in northern Ghana. Forty-six-week-old guinea fowls were selected at random from a randomly mating breeding population consisting of birds from Northern, Upper East, Upper West and Volta regions in 2010 and raised at the Livestock and Poultry Research Center of the University of Ghana until 2015. Parameters taken were hatch weight (BW0), weight at 2 weeks (BW2), BW4, BW6, BW 8, BW10, BW12, BW16, BW20, BW24, BW28, BW32, BW36, brooding daily gain (BDG0-4), post brooding daily gain from 4 weeks to 8 weeks (PBDG4-8), PBDG8-12, PBDG12-20, PBDG20-24 and PBDG8-20. Estimation of the heritability of body weight was carried out using the Mixed Model Methodology. The sire model and known genetic relationship in single trait analysis was carried out using the ASREML 3 statistical program. Estimation of heritabilities for the growth rates was done using Becker (1984) procedure. Estimates of genetic and phenotypic correlations were obtained using appropriate expressions involving the estimated variance components according to Becker (1984). Generally, the heritability (h2) estimates of body weight for all guinea fowls in this study were low (0.06 for BW36) to moderate (0.51 for BW32). Estimates of heritability for growth rates were medium (0.39 for PBDG4-8) to high (0.78 for PBDG8-12) except P8-20 which had a low heritability value (0.22). With respect to phenotypic correlations, the least coefficient of -0.007 was between BW0 and BW10 whereas the highest of 0.979 was between BW24 and BW28. The heritability estimates of body weight and growth rates were low to high i.e., 0.08-0.70 and 0.22-0.78, respectively. Body weight at two weeks of age served as an indicator for the early selection of guinea fowls based on body weight. It is recommended that the results obtained could be included in the breeding objectives of any upcoming guinea fowl improvement program
Performance, Carcass Characteristic and Haematology of Broiler Chickens Managed on Alum Treated and Untreated Wood Shavings
No full textThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of alum treated and untreated wood shaving on broiler chickens performance and carcass characteristic. A total of Two hundred and forty (240) day old Marshall Strain broiler chicks of mixed sexes were used for the study from the poultry unit of the Department of Animal Science teaching and research farm, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. The birds were fed on a common diet during this period and were subsequently weighed and randomly assigned to four treatment groups. The treatments were replicated three times with 20 birds per pen. They were housed under a deep litter system with 15kg wood shavings per pen in a completely randomised design. Aluminium sulphate (alum) was applied to the wood shavings by mixing it with alum thoroughly using hands covered with hand gloves. The rates of alum application was as follows: T1 control (normal wood shavings with no alum), T2 (5% alum by kg weight of wood shavings), T3 (10% alum by kg weight of wood shavings) and T4 (15% alum by kg weight of wood shavings). Data was collected on feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio was determined weekly. At the termination of the experiment (day 56), two birds from each pen having representative weights for the group (6 birds per Treatment) were selected for carcass characteristics. In results there was no significant (P>0.05) difference in all the parameters measured such as initial weight, daily weight gain, daily feed intake, daily water intake, final weight, Total weight gained, cost/kg gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The result showed a significant (P<0.05) difference in heart and liver weight among the treatments. However, there was no significant (P>0.05) difference among all the treatments in prime cuts and percent of other visceral organs. In conclusion the application of Alum to wood shavings did not improve performance of broiler chickens significantly
Overview: Lowsonia Intracellularis in Pig and Horse
No full textLowsonia intracellularis is a Gram negative, obligate intra cellular, motile, anaerobic organism which resides in apical cytoplasm of enterocytes. It is one of the economically important pathogens in current pork industry in the world. Lowsonia intracellularis is an important pathogen in equine, also been reported in rodents, dogs, cats, foxes, sheep, deer, hamsters, rabbits, opossums, skunks, mice, coyote deer, ferrets, ostriches, and non-human primates.
Feco-oral rout of transmission occurs common Lowsonia intracellularis in livestock, companion animals and wild animals under natural conditions. Shedding of the organism is commenced on 7 days of post inoculation and excretion was observed until 12 weeks in infected animals. The clinical infection is called as porcine proliferative enteropathy (PPE) or |equine proliferative enteropathy (EPE) in pigs and horses respectively. The disease is characterized by thickening of mucosae in distal small intestine and proximal part of large intestine. Hyperplasia in enterocytes were the commonest histopathological finding in infected animals. Determination of Lowsonia intracellularis in feaces by qPCR and serological diagnosis are practised common in swine industry. Hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia were significant finding in clinical pathology around 4 weeks before the onset of clinical infection. Gross pathology, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry are used widely in confirmatory diagnosis after the post-mortem examination.
Antimicrobial therapy and vaccination are two main methodology to control the infections in pigs and foals. Live attenuated and killed whole cell vaccine are widely used against Lowsonia intracellularis in pigs. Both cell mediated and humoral immune responses are required to eliminate the organism from body of animals. Minimizing stress factors, good bio security, continue screening of herd in endemic zones, early recognition of the disease are the important strategies in minimizing the clinical emergence of Lowsonia intracellularis. Screening, identification and culling of infected animals are recommended as part of the programme on minimizing unnecessary health burden in the industry
Pharmacological Properties and Zootechnical uses of Acalypha ciliata Forssk (Euphorbiaceae), used in Traditional Beninese Medicine: Bibliographic Synthesis
No full textAims: to highlight the pharmacological importance of Acalypha ciliata Forssk, based on pharmacological properties, phytochemical data, toxicological data and zootechnical performance.
Study Design: Mention the design of the study here.
Place and Duration of Study: Biochemistry and Pharmacognosy Division, Research Unit in Zootechnics and Breeding Systems, Laboratory of Animal and Fisheries Sciences, National University of Agriculture between October 2020 and February 2021.
Methodology: Extensive literature review was conducted by targeting scientific databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar, with appropriate keywords such as \u27\u27 Acalypha ciliata Forssk\u27\u27, \u27\u27 chemical composition of Acalypha ciliata Forssk\u27\u27, \u27\u27 properties of Acalypha ciliata Forssk\u27\u27 and others. Boolean operators \u27\u27AND\u27\u27, \u27\u27OR\u27\u27 and \u27\u27NOT\u27\u27 were used to optimize and refine the search.
Results: there is very little pharmacological, phytochemical and toxicological data on Acalypha ciliata Forssk. The available scientific data reported its antimalarial, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal and larvicidal properties. These interesting activities can be explained by the identified secondary metabolites including flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, anthraquinones, resins and glycosides, identified in the whole plant. Acalypha ciliata Forssk represents a plant still little explored
Conclusion: Pharmacological work is necessary to justify all its traditional uses and to promote a good valorization of the species
Using Extracts from Odor-transmitting Gland of Civet as Fixative Substance in Fragrance
No full textAim and Objectives: Civet with the scientific name Viverricula indica was found in Southeast Asia, Vietnam. The Civet has an odor-transmitting gland from the musk bag. The Civet musk sac is in the abdomen, about 2 cm in front of the scrotum and in front of the penis. In the field of aromatherapy, Civet musk is a precious fixative that has been researched and widely used. In Vietnam, there are very few studies about the usage of Civet musk. Therefore, our goal in this paper was to study musk from Civet and use it as a fixative in the aroma.
Materials and Methods: Material has been used to separate the odor-transmitting gland from the Civet is in Dak Nong, Vietnam. The musk was fabricated into musk Civet absolute by means of 96% alcohol impregnation and then distillation to remove solvents at low pressure. The fragrance was diluted with solvents to evaluate the scent based on the sensory for odor evaluation.
Results: The results indicated that the fixative ability of Civet absolute was better than traditional artificial musk such as musk ambrette, musk xylol, musk ketone.
Conclusion: This research has proven that musk from Civet in Vietnam is a very good fixative