Asian Journal of Research in Animal and Veterinary Sciences
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Comparative Study of Foreign and Domestic Feeds and Their Effects on Eggs Production in Golden Breed in Baghlan Province of Afghanistan
No full textA study was conducted in Baghlan province to compare foreign and domestic poultry feeds on Golden Egg Layers. The study was started on 2019/09/15 and took 2.5 months. A small farm of 40 chickens was formed and the chickens were divided randomly into four equal groups (A, B, C and D). Each group of 10 chicks was housed in a special cage, and all environmental conditions such as humidity, heat, light, and darkness were kept constant during the entire period of experiment. Completely randomized research design (CRD) was adopted for the study. Groups A, B, C and D were fed feeds from Iran Shams Farahi company, Pakistan Islamabad company, Kabul Feed company and Jalalabad Habib Hussam company, respectively. The results revealed, there was no significant difference in weight gain during the first three weeks. However, from the third week onwards there was a significant difference (p<0.05) between weights gains dietary efficiency per kilogram of body consumed. For gaining 1 Kg body weight during 3 weeks, the pullets consumed 11065 gram Islamabad company feed, 11295 gram Iran Shams Farahi company feed, 11656 gram Kabul company feed and 12945 gram Habib Hussam company feed. From the study it is clear that Islamabad company feed is more economical and effective feed as compared to feed from other three companies. A group produced 15 eggs, B group produced 129 eggs, C group produced 121 eggs and D group produced 136 eggs. Therefore, it is concluded that group B, managed on feed from Islamabad company produced significantly higher number of eggs than other three groups. In term of economical state, the net profit of Islamabad feed was 654.95 AFN, Jalalabad Habib Hussam feed 247.9 AFN, Kabul feed 229.5 AFN and Iran Shams Farahi feed was 135 AFN.
Therefore, it is concluded. that the order of effectiveness (descending order) of the poultry feeds was Islamabad company of Pakistan followed by Jalalabad Habib Hussam, Kabul Feed Company and Iran Shams Farahi Company
Surveying Study on the Differences of Some Blood Components between Goats Borne Single and Twin Kids
No full textAim: this study was carried out to investigate the differences in some blood component between goats borne single and twin kids.
Study Design: The number of 77 Sudanese desert goats breed was used in this study. The goats were divided randomly into two groups. Group I consist of (37 does goats) have borne twin kids more than one time, group II consist of (40 does goats) have borne twin kids more than one time and haven’t twin birth before.
Place and Duration of Study: Sample collection: south Darfur state – Sudan, and sample analysis: department of physiology and biochemistry, Faculty of veterinary science, Nyala -sudan between march 2019 and september 2020.
Methodology: blood samples were collected from goats under surveying study for measuring of hematological parameter (Red blood cells count (RBCs) in 106 cell/µl, packed cell volume (PCV) in %, Total white blood cells (WBCs) in 103 cell/ µl, Differential leucocytes count (DLC) in %), and biochemical parameters (total protein , albumin , cholesterol and calcium levels).
Results: the present study revealed significant (P≤0.05) differences in PCV between goats borne single and twin kids while demonstrate insignificant (P≥0.05) differences in other hematological and biochemical parameters under study.
Conclusion: study found that there was no significant difference in parameters under study except for PCV 
The Organogenesis of Camel (Camelus dromedarius) Adrenal Gland and its Relation to the Mesonephros, Metanephros and Gonads Topography and Histogensis Study
No full textThe aim of the present study are to investigate the topography and histology of the adrenal gland during the early stages of development. This study was conducted in 33 camel fetuses collected from different slaughter houses in Sudan, then standards anatomical and histological studied were used to analysis theses amples. The primordium of the adrenal gland appeared in the intermediate mesoderm lateral to the aorta at 2.8 cm CVRL(Crown Vertebral Rump Length) foetus (73 days of age). The neuroblasts migrated from the neural crest through the dorsal mesentery and were found inside the capsule and their migration reached the maximum at 22 cm CVRL foetus (126 days of age). The left adrenal gland was situated more caudal than the right adrenal gland. In conclusion, the cell of foetal zone was the first zone to be differentiated, the cells of zona fasiculata were formed as early as 7 cm CVRL foetus, then the cells of the zona glomerulosa were formed the medulla was larger than the cortex and the neuroblasts were began to be differentiated. The development of the camel foetal adrenal gland in general is similar to the development of the foetal adrenal glands of other domestic animals but with special features of its own
Isolation and Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Enteric Bacteria Isolated from Feacal Samples of Thryonomys swinderianus in Sekona Osun State, Nigeria
No full textThryonomys swinderianus (grasscutter) is a source of meat with high nutritional values, low in cholesterol and relatively high in protein therefore, it is a sort for in Nigeria and some other African countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potentials for zoonotic infections and for the presence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in the faecal samples of Thryonomys swinderianus. Fresh faecal samples were collected from seven (7) Thryonomys swinderianus at selling point in Sekona, Osun State, Nigeria. They were cultured on appropriate media and a total of 62 enteric bacterial isolates were recovered, they are:- Escherichia coli 22 (365.5 %), Enterobacter cloacae, 12 (19.4%), Citrobacter koseri 9 (14.5%), Citrobacter freundii 4 (6.6 %), , Klebsiella pneumoniae 10 (16.1 %), Klebsiella oxytoca 1 (1.6 %) and Serratia liquefaciens 4 (6.6%) Escherichia coli O157:H7 were found to be 50% of the Escherichia coli present. Antibiotic susceptibility test was done using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Using commercially available antibiotic disc. The percentage of multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) for all the isolates were quite high for cefiazidime (100%), augumentin (99.1%), cefuroxime (97.1%), cerixime (85.02%), but relatively low for ciprofloxacin (3.4%), oflaxacin (1.82%), and all the isolates were susceptible to nitrofurantoin. All the enteric bacteria isolated from faecal samples of grass cutter were multiple antibiotic resistance bacteria and of great health concern. In conclusion Thryonomys swinderianus harbors different enteric bacteria which could cause several infections in humans, and nitrofurantoin can help the physician in the management of infections caused by the animals
Dietary Gum Arabic Alleviates Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Liver Fibrosis in Wistar Rats
No full textAims: This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Gum Arabic (GA) on liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in Wistar rats.
Methods: Rats were randomly divided into three groups (each group: n=8). Group 1 served as untreated control with just 2 ml/kg of olive oil. Group 2 administered only by intraperitoneal (I.P) injection of CCl4 dissolved in olive oil at a dose of 2 ml/kg body weight twice a week for 7 week. Group 3 administered in additional to CCl4 a basal diets containing GA (5%).
Results: The outcomes of the current study exhibited that, CCl4 elevated the serum levels of liver enzymes, malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydroxyproline. In addition, CCl4 increase the expression of inflammatory cytokines TLR-4, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-β1and MCP-1or fibrotic markers cytokines; TGFβ1and α-SMA while decreasing the activity of T-AOC, SOD and GSH-Px . Administration of GA effectively attenuated these changes, in additional to promotion of antioxidants enzymes and reducing the collagen deposition and hepatocytes necrosis.
Conclusion: These results suggested that GA has antifibrotic properties and could be used as potential dietary agent against CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in rats
Feed Wastage Management in Rabbit Production using Different Feeders
No full textAims: This study was carried out to reduce the wastage caused by pawing effects of rabbits by introducing different feeder types.
Study Design: Completely Randomized Design
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at Hephzibah and Beulah Farms, Ibadan, Nigeria between September 2018 and October 2018 (4 weeks).
Methodology: 36 rabbits in 1:2 ratio of growers to weaners respectively, were allocated to 3 different feeder types: Open Mouth Feeder (OMF), Tin Feeders (TF) and Hollow Mouth Feeders (HMF) in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The rabbits were fed a formulated diet in ration of 120g/day for the first 3 weeks of the experiment and 150g/day for the last week of the experiment, while water was supplied ad-libitum throughout the experiment.
Results: In the weaner rabbits, the results showed that although there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the Weight Gain and FCR across the 3 treatments throughout the experiment, Feed Intake and Feed wastage, varied statistically in the first week and numerically in subsequent weeks, the intake and wastage were highest and lowest respectively for rabbits fed with OMF type. For the grower rabbits: feed intake was significantly higher (p<0.05) with rabbits fed with the TF types across the last 3 weeks of the experiment, concurrently, feed wastage was significantly lower (P<0.05) with rabbits fed with the TF types across the last 3 weeks of the experiment. Weight gain and FCR on the other hand were not significantly different (p>0.05) across the 3 treatments for the four weeks of the experiment.
Conclusion: It was concluded that HMF encourage feed wastage in rabbit production, and as a replacement, OMF should be encouraged for weaner rabbits while TF is ideal for the grower rabbits
Prevalence and Pathology of Caprine Coccidiosis in South Darfur State, Sudan
No full textThis study was carried out to investigate the prevalence and pathology of coccidiosis in local breeds of goats in South Darfur State and the factors affecting it. One hundred faecal samples were directly collected from the rectum during September – December 2017, from goats, kept in an open system. The animals were grouped according to sex (34 males and 66 females), and according to age group (85 goats in the age one year or more, 15 less than one year). Oocysts were detected using the floatation method; the McMaster method was used for oocysts count. Length, width and size were measured by calibrated microscope attached to computer for the parasite identification. On the other hand, 100 samples of intestine sections were collected for gross and microscopic examination, from Nyala North slaughterhouse. The gross intestinal lesions were reported and sections for histopathology were made according to standard method. The overall prevalence of coccidiosis in goats was 65% in South Darfur State. Eimeria species identified were: E. alijevi (15.7%), E. hirci (26.3%), E. ninakohlyakimovae (36.8%), and E. caprovina (21%). The infection was higher in goat kids compared to adults. The gross lesions were characterized by scattered white nodules in the intestinal wall particularly in the jejunum and ileum as well as hemorrhages. Microscopically there were hemorrhages in the mucosa; hyperplasia of the mucosal epithelium with infiltration of inflammatory cells mainly lymphocytes, plasma cells, and eosinophils in the lamina propria, and presence of different developmental stages of the parasite in the intestinal epithelium and mucosal glands. Coccidiosis in goats resulting from complex interactions between parasites and host with many factors contributing to the severity of the disease, kids are more susceptible to infection with the clinical coccidiosis
Impact of COVID-19 on Butchers and Meat Processors in Ghana: Implication on Food (Meat) Biosecurity
No full textAims: COVID-19 had an impact on the food (meat) biosecurity of Ghana. Butchers and meat processors ensure food biosecurity by making meat available, accessible, stable, and affordable to Ghanaians. This study assessed the impact of COVID-19 on butchers and meat processors in the Tamale metropolis, Ghana.
Study Design: A semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain data from 98 randomly selected butchers and 4 local meat processors on the impact of COVID-19 on their operations.
Results: COVID-19 had a very negative impact on both butchers and meat processors. Low sales were a prominent impact experienced by both butchers and meat processors. Lack of animals to buy was the most important effect of COVID-19 on their business and threatens the food biosecurity of Ghanaians in terms of protein intake from animal sources. All the meat processors, but only 51% of the butchers were prepared for COVID-19. The butchers (90.8%) expected the government to make farming resources available during the COVID-19 period, while meat processors (50.0%) expected the transport to be provided. To ensure the survival of the meat industry to promote food biosecurity after COVID-19, butchers (59.2%) proposed the provision of financial support for their business whilst the meat processors (50.0%) proposed that animals should be thoroughly checked at the borders.
Conclusion: The findings of the study revealed that COVID-19 negatively affected the meat industry of Ghana and was a potential threat to the country’s food (meat) biosecurity
Study on Physiological, Biochemical and Pathological Evolutions of Donkeys Affect by Gastrointestinal Trac Disturbances
No full textAim: This study was for investigating causes, some clinical, pathological, physiological and biochemical parameters of donkeys affected by Gastrointestinal Tract Disturbances (GIT).
Study Design: Twenty donkeys were included in this study 12 GIT infected donkeys were isolated from all diseased donkeys that come to the Educational veterinary hospital of Nyala South Darfur State- Sudan according to the clinical signs of GIT-disturbance and 8 donkeys clinically normal as control group.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in Educational veterinary hospital of Nyala South Darfur State- Sudan, during the period from December 2019 to April 2021, Samples were collected from ill donkeys that come to the hospital. Those Samples were analyzed in University of Nyala, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry.
Methodology: Case history, causes and clinical examination were taken to all donkeys under this study. Respiration rate, pulse rate, rectal temperature, and some biochemical values (total protein, albumin, globulin, creatinine, urea, triglyceride, phosphate, AST and LDH) were measured.
Results: Porridge, Leaves of beans, Water Mellon, Grain over feeding were found the main causes of GIT disturbance in donkeys, causes of some GIT disturbance of donkeys were unknown, respiration rate, pulse rate and rectal temperature were elevated, behavior of donkey infected by GIT disturbance changes were rolling, no desire to walk, petechial haemorrhage of eye mucus membrane, bilateral abdominal distension, all measured biochemical value were highly increased.
Conclusion: Most causes of GIT disturbance in donkeys were found somehow related to the food administration, behavioral changes, elevation of some physiological and biochemical parameters were registered in donkeys under this study
Reproductive Toxicity of Paraquat in Male Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus)
No full textAims: This study was undertaken in order to evaluate the effects of paraquat (pesticide) on some reproductive parameters in male guinea pig.
Methodology: Forty adult male guinea pigs averagely weighing 370.31 ± 39.43 g were distributed into 4 groups of 10 animals each, comparable in terms of body weight. During 42 days, each group of guinea pigs received by force-feeding either distilled water (control) or one of the following three doses of paraquat: 1.33, 2, 4 mg/kg of body weight. The effects of this pesticide were evaluted on some reproductive parameters (total cholesterol, libido, serum concentration of testosterone, weight of genital organs and characteristics of epididymal spermatozoa) and oxidative stress makers (testicular levels of MDA, SOD, CAT and GSH).
Results: Results showed that the total cholesterol increased significantly (P<.05) in guinea pigs exposed to paraquat relatively to the control. Animals forced-fed with the pesticide showed a significant (P<.05) decrease in the serum concentration of testosterone and an increase in the reaction time. A significant (P<.05) rise in abnormal spermatozoa as well as a significant (P<.05) drop in sperm mobility (65.00 ± 19.58) and spermatozoa plasma membrane integrity (52.88 ± 8.22) was observed in pesticide-treated animals compared to control. The testicular level of MDA (5.35 ± 1.89) and the activities of SOD (10.13 ± 2.03) and CAT (15.26 ± 4.28) increased significantly (P<.05) in paraquat treated guinea pigs compared to control animals. The reverse was observed concerning the testicular concentration of GSH (126.11 ± 48.94).
Conclusion: Paraquat has been shown to be toxic to male guinea pig, from 2 mg /kg bw through the induction of oxidative stress, thus imparing reproductive parameters