Asian Journal of Research in Animal and Veterinary Sciences
Not a member yet
374 research outputs found
Sort by
Effect of Calcium (Ca) and Phosphorus (P) on Growth Performance of Broiler at Finisher Phase
No full textPerformance of broiler finisher fed diets containing cassava flour meal (0% CFM, 20% CFM and 30% CFM), tagged T1, T2 and T3 were compounded respectively. In a four weeks experiment, using one hundred and fifty (150) Ross 308 birds were used in an experimental group replicated five times each treatment had 10 birds per treatment group. Feed intake and body weight gain of the bird were determine and compared. Result of feed intake and mortality was significant different (P<0.05) for all treatment while body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio showed that there was no significant difference (P>0.05) for all treatment. Feeding birds with diets containing cassava flour meal at finisher phase enhance the growth performance. However, it is recommended that; the optimum inclusion level of cassava flour meal in poultry diet by including level in future trial and further research should be direct towards hematological indices and proximate analysis
Comparative Study of Casein Protein Content of Milk of Different Domesticated Cow, Buffalo and Goat Breeds from South-West Part of Karjat Tehsil, Ahmednagar District, Maharashtra, India
No full textThe milk is a highly nutritious liquid food synthesized by mammals in their mammary glands. The milk is a mixture of mostly water, fat, proteins, minerals, vitamins and other biomolecules in trace. The casein and whey proteins are two major types of proteins present in milk. Both of these proteins are essential in growth and metabolism of healthy person. Casein protein is comprising large share of total protein of milk. Casein contains all the essential amino acids in high ratio. The present study was carried out from March 2022 to April 2022 to compare the various milk samples for their casein content. The selected sampling sites for milk collection were Karjat (S1), Kuldharan (S2), Rashin (S3) and Khed (S4). The precipitation of casein was occurred at pH 4.4 to 4.6 equal to its isoelectric pH. The milk samples were first centrifuged to remove fats and then subjected to 2% Hydrochloric acid slowly to lower its pH. The casein content found was highest for the milk samples goat breeds (6.78 ± 2.06) than that of buffalo (5.82 ± 1.37) and cow (4.26 ± 0.88)
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-cured Nalidixic Acid Resistant 85-kb Plasmid Salmonella gallinarum Immunoglobulin G Response in Brown Layer Hens
No full textAim: Fowl typhoid vaccination is a necessary complement to farm hygiene in reducing antimicrobial resistance caused by extensive prophylaxis of antibiotics in poultry. This study was undertaken to develop a vaccine candidate from a virulent strain by plasmid-curing.
Place and Duration of Study: The research was carried out in the Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Nigeria Nsukka, for six months.
Methodology: Thirty day-old pullets were divided into three groups of ten birds each. This comprised a negative control group (unvaccinated) (NEG), a live SG9R vaccine positive group (SG9R), and a nalidixic acid resistant plasmid-cured 85-kb plasmid Salmonella gallinarum (NAR). Plasmid curing of the virulent strain was done by incubating in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and loss of the 85-kb plasmid was identified and determined on agarose gel electrophoresis. Vaccination was done subcutaneously at 4 and 7 weeks of age, followed by challenge with the virulent S. gallinarum. IgG was measured using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The scalability of the SDS-cured nalidixic acid resistant 85kb plasmid Salmonella gallinarum immunity was demonstrated by vaccinating layer birds and comparing the humoral immunity with that of a commercial fowl typhoid vaccine (SG9R).
Results: There were higher IgG levels in the NAR group than the SG9R group. Protection was above 70 % in the vaccinated groups.
Conclusion: The outcome of this present study shows that vaccination with viable cells of sodium dodecyl sulfate- cured nalidixic acid resistant 85-kb plasmid Salmonella gallinarum (NAR) provided layer birds with protective humoral immunity against subsequent challenge with the parent virulent strain containing the 85-kb plasmid
Prevalence and Viability of Hydatid Cysts in Bovine Slaughtered in Selected Abattoirs within Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria
No full textAim: The study is aimed at determining the prevalence, cyst characteristics and viability of echinococcosis (hydatidosis) in cattle slaughtered at selected abattoir in Kaduna Metropolis.
Methodology: This was a cross sectional study carried out at Tudun-wada abattoir, Kakuri (Makera) abattoir, Kawo abattoir and Sabon–Tasha abattoir, all within Kaduna metropolis, from January to July, 2019.
Results: Out of the 160 cattle examined (40 from each abattoir), 21 (12.2 %) were found to harbor visible hydatid cysts. Significantly higher infection (p < 0.05) was detected in cattle with poor body conditions than animals with moderate and fat body condition score. No significant variation was observed with regards to sex of animals. Animals used were all adults. Cysts were found to be distributed in the lung, liver, kidney, spleen and heart as follows: 42.9%, 38.0%, 4.76%, 9.50% and 4.76% respectively. Out of 36 hydatid cysts examined, 17 (47.22%), 14 (38.88%) and 5 (13.88%) were found to be small, medium and large- sized respectively. Likewise, out of 36 cysts assessed, 18 (50%) were fertile, 4 (11.11%) sterile and 14 (38.8%) were calcified. Of the 18 fertile cysts subjected for viability test, 12 (27.7%) were viable while, 8(22.2%) were non-viable.
Conclusion: Despite the moderate magnitude of infection detected currently, there seems to be an existing socioeconomic situation favorable for hydatidosis and hence it remains one of the most important diseases warranting serious medical and veterinary attention
Gonadal and Extra-gonadal Sperm Characteristics of Rabbit Bucks Treated With Aqueous Solution of Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) Fruit Pulp
No full textThis study was conducted to investigate the effect of Baobab Fruit Pulp (BFP) solution on gonadal and extra-gonadal sperm characteristics of rabbit bucks. Twenty-five (25) growing rabbit bucks, (6-7 weeks old) of mixed breed were first raised on standard grower diet for 12 weeks and used for the experiment. The rabbits were housed individually in hutches and assigned to five (5) different treatments: T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 arranged in a 2x2 factorial within a completely randomized design. The treatments were: T1 (control); T2, bucks were administered 50g/l concentration of BFP solution for 7 days; T3 group was administered 50g/l concentration of BFP solution for 14 days; The T4 bucks were administered 100g/l concentration of BFP solution for7 days and T5 animals were administered 100g/l concentration of BFP solution for 14 days. Animals were sacrificed and their reproductive organs removed and processed for sperm evaluation. The results showed that animals that were treated with 50g/l BFP for 7 days had significantly (p<0.05) higher sperm count, motile sperm, normal sperm and live sperm than the control, but similar values with other treatment groups. Main effects of concentration and administration period as well as their interaction effects on the sperm characteristics were not significant (p>0.05). It is concluded from the study that 50g/l BFP solution can be administered for 7 days to enhance sperm quality of rabbit bucks meant for breeding purpose
Spirulina platensis a Promising Growth Promoter for Poultry Industry
No full text100-broiler chickens (Vencobb 400 Y) weighing around180 grams at 8 days of age, randomly assigned to five equal groups; each group had four replicates of five chicks. The control group was fed a commercial basal ration, while other groups were given the same commercial basal ration supplemented with 0.2 g/kg, 0.3 g/kg, 0.5 g/kg, and 0.7 g/kg Spirulina powder, respectively, for a period of 42 days. Data showed that Spirulina supplementation had a significant effect on chicks’ growth performance. The highest significant effect was recorded at the level of 0.7g/kg Spirulina supplementation. It is concluded that Spirulina platensis supplementation had a significant effect on the growth performance of Vencobb 400 Y broilers. Therefore, Spirulina platensis supplementation could be used safely as a growth promoter for broilers
Main and Interactive Effects of Calcium and Xanthophyll Supplementation on the Laying Performance, Internal and External Qualities of Isa Brown Hen Eggs
No full textThe study investigated the main and interactive effects of calcium and xanthophyll supplementation on the laying performance, internal and external qualities of Isa brown hen eggs. One hundred and forty-four points of lay hens were used in a factorial experiment. They had calcium and xanthophyll as the co-factors each with three qualitative levels. For calcium, the levels were; no calcium, calcium from egg shell and calcium from snail shell. For xanthophyll, the levels were no xanthophyll, xanthophyll from pepper, xanthophyll from carrot. There were nine treatment combinations each replicated four times, making 36 experimental units with four hens per battery cage unit. Data collected were analyzed using genstat package. Significant means were separated using least significant difference (LSD). Results showed that neither calcium supplementation nor xanthophyll supplementation had any significant effect on feed intake, hen day production, egg weight and feed per dozen egg (P>0.05). However, there was significant interaction between calcium and xanthophyll supplementation for egg weight and feed per dozen egg laid (P<0.05). The largest eggs were laid by supplementation with calcium from snail shell and xanthophyll from pepper (59.31 g). The haugh unit was significantly affected by either calcium supplementation or xanthophyll supplementation. Yolk colour was only affected by xanthophylls supplementation with the deepest colour (13.58) recorded when hens were offered xanthophyll from pepper (P<0.05). Significant interaction (P<0.05) were recorded for both haugh unit and yolk colour. The highest haugh unit (93.70) was recorded among hens not supplemented with ether calcium or xanthophyll, Yolk colour was consistently and significantly deeper among hens that received xanthophylls from pepper whether supplemented with no calcium or supplemented with calcium from either egg shell or snail shell (P<0.05). It was concluded that egg weight can be improved by offering extra calcium from snail shell supplemented with pepper to hens outside feed. Again supplementing hens diets with pepper alone or in addition with either calcium from snail or egg shell supplementation would result in deeper yolk colour that is always the choice of consumers
Comparative Evaluation of Dairy Performance and Thermoregulatory Traits of Two Exotic Breeds of Cattle in the Hot Humid Climate of Adamawa, Nigeria
No full textThe dynamics of heat stress has been a major challenge limiting cattle productivity in Nigeria. The overall objective of this study was to evaluate the dairy performance and thermoregulatory of two exotic cattle in hot tropical conditions of Adamawa State. Milk production traits measured were 305 day fat corrected milk yield, daily milk yield, total fat yield, total protein yield while thermoregulatory traits measured were rectal temperature, respiratory rate and skin temperature. All descriptive statistical analyses (Mean, coefficient of variation and standard error of mean) and T-test were done using R commander (2016) Software. Mean separation was done using least significant difference procedure. Milk production and efficiency traits were greatly influenced (P<0.01) by the genotypes of cows in Adamawa State, with the exception of 305FCM per cows per day protein yield, lactation length, net energy efficiency and dairy merits. Brown-Swiss had significant (P < 0.05) higher respiratory rate than Jersey cows. It is evident that considerable variation exists in milk production and thermoregulatory traits of the two exotic cows
Utilization of Urea Supplemented Fibrous Crop Residues by Yankasa Rams: Effect on Dry Matter Intake, Performance and Nutrients Digestibility
No full textThe main aim of the 8 -weeks study was to assess the dry matter intake, weight gain and nutrients digestibility of Yankasa rams fed urea supplemented fibrous crop residues. Twenty (20) Yankasa rams weighing 15.0kg on average were allocated to four treatment diets which contained 0% (T1), 1.0% (T2), 1.5% (T3) and 2% (T4) fertilizer grade urea, in a completely randomized design. Yam peels, maize offal and rice offal were the basal ingredients. These ingredients were milled and combined with other ingredients to compound the experimental diets. Results of the study showed significant differences in all the parameters assessed, and animals fed diet containing 1.5% - 2% urea (T3 and T4) had better performance in terms, weight gain and nutrient digestibility (69.26 – 88.35%). It was therefore inferred that treating fibrous crop residue with urea at 1.5% - 2% of the total feed will improve performance and nutrients digestibility of Yankasa rams
Semen and Extra Gonadal Characteristics of Cocks Fed Varying Levels of Nutmeg Seed Meal, Clove Leaf Meal and their Composite
No full textThis study was carried out to assess the effect of nutmeg, clove and their composite as additives on the semen characteristics, gonadal and extra-gonadal sperm reserves of the cocks. 168 matured cocks (Isa Brown breed) were randomly assigned to 7 dietary treatments where the control diet without the test and 6 other treatment ingredients were tagged Diet I to VII. They were 250 mg nutmeg, 500mg nutmeg, 250mg clove, 500mg clove and their composites at 250 mg nutmeg-clove, 500mg nutmeg-clove, respectively. Each dietary treatment has 4 replicates of 6 birds per replicate. The feeding trial lasted for 10 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, 3 cocks per replicate were humanely sacrificed and their reproductive tracts were dissected. All data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) procedure of SAS (2008). The significant treatment means were compared using New Duncan Multiple range test option of the same software. The results showed that all the semen characteristics were significantly and positively affected by inclusion of nutmeg and clove up to 0.50 g.kg-1 diet. The paired epididymis (5.30±0.21, 5.20±0.29, 5.37±0.11, 5.40±0.08, 5.60±0.18, 5.52±0.27, 5.79±0.27) and vas deferens weights (1.38±0.24, 1.12±0.08, 1.13±0.14, 1.07±0.09, 0.91±0.10, 1.17±0.03, 1.19±0.03) were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced by the inclusion levels of composite of nutmeg and clove up to 0.50 g.kg-1 diet, while vas deferens lengths (20.47±0.48, 18.98±1.15, 17.68±0.57, 18.52±0.49, 15.09±0.79, 13.64±0.21, 13.64±0.21) were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced with 0.25 and 0.50 g nutmeg and clove kg-1 diet. Nevertheless, the testicular parameters were significantly (P < 0.05) increased by the varying inclusion levels of nutmeg and clove when compared with the control. The paired testicular sperm reserves (TSR/testis (2.10±0.15, 2.01±0.12, 2.30±0.03, 2.24±0.16, 2.03±0.02, 1.80±0.03, 1.80±0.03) and TSR/g testis (1.72±0.18, 1.64±0.11, 1.64±0.05, 1.47±0.14, 1.50±0.11, 1.28±0.15, 1.28±0.15) were significantly (P < 0.05) influenced by the nutmeg and clove inclusion when compared with the control diet. However, the paired epididymis sperm reserves were significantly higher at the inclusion levels of 0.25 and 0.50 g nutmeg supplementation of cocks\u27 diets with Nutmeg and clove up to 0.5g.kg-1 did not compromise the semen characteristics, gonadal and extra-gonadal sperm reserves in the treated birds. This study reveals that composite of nutmeg and clove up to 0.50g/kg in poultry cocks diets is a potential toxicant that has pathophysiological effects on the reproductive potential of cocks as it significantly reduced the daily sperm production and gonadal reserves of cocks. Composite of nutmeg and clove up to 0.50g/kg diet should not be added with cocks feed used for breeding purposes