Asian Journal of Research in Animal and Veterinary Sciences
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Mycoplasma bovis Seroprevalence in Khartoum State-Sudan
No full textBackground: Mycoplasma bovis causes several diseases in cattle. It contributes in chronic pneumoniae and mastitis so it causes economical losses.
Aim: Serological surveillance of Mycoplasma bovis in Khartoum state, Sudan.
Methodology: Serum samples (No.180) were collected randomly and tested using BIO-X M. bovis antibody ELISA Kit.
Results: The seroprevalence of M. bovis was 7.2% (13 out of 180). The cattle aging 2 to 5year recorded the highest seroprevalence (9.1%), followed by less than 2 year-old (6.6%) and older than 5 year-old (5.6%). Based on gender distribution, females record 8.8% seropositive of M. bovis antibodies in comparison of 5.5% of the males. There is correlation between serum tests and gender (.391) with confidence intervals 95%, P value .05. The correlation between serum tests and age of tested group was (.839) with confidence intervals 95% with P value .05.
Conclusion: These findings showed that M. bovis is existed and special consideration must be taken to control the disease. No previous serological investigation for the disease has been attempts in Sudan
Performance of Broiler Fed Diets Containing Graded Level of Cassava (Manihot esculentus) Flour Meal at Starter Phase
No full textThe experiment was conducted in the Federal University of Agriculture Zuru, Kebbi State in the Department of Animal Science to determine the performance of broiler starter fed diets contain graded level of cassava (Manihot esculentus) flour meal (CFM 0%, 20% and 30%), diet tagged T1, T2 and T3 were compounded respectively. Using one hundred and fifty (150) Ross 308 day old chicks, each treatment replicated five times with 10 chicks per treatment group. Feed intake and body weight gain of the birds were determine and compared. Result of final body weight, feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio were significantly different (P<0.05) for all the treatment while the result of mortality showed that there was no significant difference (P>0.05). It is concluded that feeding broiler with 20% cassava flour meal performed better in the study area
Comparative Performance of Pelleted Napier Grass (Pennisetum purpureum)-based with Indigofera: A Complete Ration Mix (CRM) fed to Grower Sheep
No full textThis study aims to determine the comparative performance of pelletized Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum)-based with Indigofera: A Complete Ration Mix (CRM) to grower sheep in terms of feed intake and weight gain; and to determine the degradability in terms of the amount and rates of roughage disappearance in the rumen with respect to time through a Paired T-test Design. The research was conducted at Sacdalan Farm, Kidapawan City, North Cotabato, Philippines from December 2013 to February 2014. A fabricated heavy-duty pelleting machine was used to pelletize mixed ingredients containing the formulated Complete Ration Mix (CRM) of 60:40 (Napier:Indigofera) (Test Group A) and 80:20 (Napier:Indigofera) (Test Group B). Further, an “in sacco” method was used in determining the amount and rates of roughage disappearance in the rumen with respect to time. There were four (4) heads of sheep assigned per test group and these were confined and provided with daily nutritional requirements according to weight and dry matter requirements. A highly significant difference was observed (P 0.01) in feed intake. Test Group B with 80:20 had a mean of 0.92 kg. while Test Group A, which had 60:20 ration, resulted a mean of 0.78 kg. However, for the average daily weight gain, no significant difference was obtained between Test Group A and Test Group B with a mean of 0.14kg and 0.09kg. The same result was noted in feed conversion efficiency with a mean of 5.59 kg and 10.49 kg. The disappearance rate and percentage degradability showed the same trend. As the time incubation increases, the weight of the residues decreases, which resulted to the increase of percentage degradability (g) and disappearance rate (%) using “in sacco” technique. Numerically, for disappearance rate, .05g (0 hr), 0.10g (6 hrs), 0.10g (12 hrs), 0.15g (24 hrs), 0.20g (48 hrs), 0.30g (72 hrs), 0.45g (96 hrs), and 0.50g (120 hrs); while 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5%, 10%, 15%, 22.5%, and 25% for each stipulated number of hours for the percentage degradability. This study will be used as reference in formulating ration and proportion of grasses and legumes with concentrates for ruminant nutrition
Reproductive Characteristics of Growing Boars Fed Diets Containing Raw or Fermented Cotton Seed Cake
No full textThis experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary Raw or Fermented Cotton Seed Cake (RCSC or FCSC) on reproductive characteristics of growing boars. Thirty (30) weaner boars (n=6 per treatment) were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments arranged in a 2x2 factorial with a control within a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Solid state fermentation (SSF), using Aspergillus niger, was employed to ferment the CSC. The RCSC and FCSC were separately included in diets at 0 (control), 10 and 20% levels. At the end of the 12 weeks feeding trial, three (3) animals per treatment were slaughtered and reproductive organs were carefully dissected out, measured and processed for sperm evaluation. The reproductive parameters evaluated include testicular and epididymal morphometrics, Daily Sperm Production (DSP), Daily Sperm Production per gram testis (DSP/g), Gonadal Sperm Reserve (GSR), sperm count and motility. The results showed that Cotton Seed Cake (CSC) level resulted in significant (p<0.05) reduction in testicular weights, lengths and volume. The epididymal weight was significantly (p<0.05) lower for boars that were fed CSC based diets compared to the control group. Significant (p<0.05) reduction in epididymal length was recorded for the boars fed 20% FCSC compared to those fed the control diet. The DSP/g was significantly (p<0.05) higher in boars fed 10% RCSC than those fed other diets. Sperm count and motility, normal and life sperm, GSR, DSP and DSP/g were significantly (p<0.05) lower for boars that were fed FCSC-based diets compared to those fed the control diet and 10% RCSC. It was concluded from this study that feeding RCSC - or FCSC - based diets to growing boar adversely affected the testicular and epididymal morphometrics; however, 10% RCSC in diet did not compromise gonadal sperm characteristics
Growth Performance, Carcass Traits and Economy of Broiler Chickens Fed Straight Diets with Varying Dietary Protein Levels
No full textProtein is an indispensable and expensive nutrient needed in poultry diet to meet their essential nutrient requirement. It plays a vital role in structural and protective tissue formation and maintenance, growth, body repairs and egg formation. Compounding and feeding of straight diet to broilers by local farmers will help to ameliorate problems of malnutrition, disturbed growth and loss observed in Nigerian villages due to seasonal shortage of commercial feed to broilers before they reach maturity. The growth Performance, carcass traits, and economy of broiler chicken fed straight diets with varying dietary levels of protein were evaluated. Four diets were compounded and tagged diets 1, 2, 3, and 4 with four Crude protein (CP) levels of 18, 20, 22, and 24%, respectively with a constant Metabolizable energy (ME) level of 3200 kcalME/KgDM. One hundred and twenty-one (121) day-old-chicks were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments with 30 birds per treatment. Each treatment was replicated 3 times and each replicate had 10 birds. The birds were fed experimental diets for 7 weeks. Significant differences were observed in daily feed intake, daily Body Weight Gain (BWG), final body weight, daily ME intake, daily protein intake, protein and energy efficiency ratios, but feed conversion ratio, percentage of dressed weight, thigh and internal organs besides gizzard, spleen, and pancreas were similar. It was concluded that feeding broiler chicken with diet containing 18% crude protein and 3200 kcalME/kgDM for 7weeks gave the optimal performance of live weight (2259.00 g) with the least cost of feed intake per Kg BWG (₦426.22 or 0.60USD). Optimal performance per dressed weight (2,125.33 g) was obtained for broilers fed diets containing 20% CP and 3200 KCalME/KgDM with the highest revenue per dressed weight (₦2,087.60 or 2.94USD), and the highest gross margin (₦1,280.00 or 1.80USD)
Effect of Direct Sunlight on Plasma Vitamin-D and Histo-pathological Changes in Liver, Kidney and Skin of Mice
No full textAn experiment was done with a view to observing the effect of direct sunlight on body weight, plasma vitamin-D and histo-pathology of liver, kidney and skin. A total of 15 apparently healthy male mice aged between 40 and 45 days with an average body weight of 28.8 ± 0.57 gm were used in the study. Mice were randomly divided into 3 equal groups. They were fed on normal mice pellet throughout the experimental period of 70 days. One group of mice was kept inside the room throughout the entire period of experiment and was considered control (Group A) whereas remaining two groups (B and C) were exposed to sunlight every other day in the morning. Between these two groups, A was exposed to sunlight for 1 hr and the B group was for 1.5 hr. Body weight was recorded on the first day, on 35th day and on the last day of the experiment. Blood and tissue samples (skin, liver and kidney) were collected at the end of the experiment by sacrificing the mice. The body weight was found significantly (p< 0.01) higher in all mice with the advancement of experiment and highest weight was recorded at the end of experiment. The plasma vitamin-D was altered in the mice exposed to sunlight compared to control. The mice exposed to sunlight daily for 1.5 hour exhibited much lower (p< 0.05) vitamin-D in their plasma compared to control group of mice. In histological investigation, skin did not show any alteration irrespective of group but venous congestion in liver and kidney was recorded in both the treated groups which are thought to be due to heat stress prevailing in the area of experiment
Effect of Dietary Inclusion of Agricultural Waste-Derived Activated Charcoal on Hematological and Serum Biochemical Indices of Layer Chickens
No full textThe ban on sub-therapeutic dietary inclusion of antibiotics has necessitated the inclusion of natural additives such as activated charcoal (AC) produced from agricultural wastes. One hundred and twenty Isa Brown layer chickens aged 16 weeks with good management and vaccination history were used for this experiment. The birds were divided into four groups (G1-G4) of thirty birds each with each group further replicated three times comprising of 10 birds each. Chickens in G2-G4 were fed layer mash which contained 0.5g/kg, 1.0g/kg and 1.5g/kg of AC, respectively with G1 as control group and reared on deep litter. Blood samples were collected from the chickens at the end of 20th, 28th and 33rd week of the experiment and used for hematological and serum biochemical assays. Data collected were subjected to analysis using ANOVA. Hematological indices (RBC, Hb, PCV and lymphocytes) were significantly improved (P < 0.05) in the supplemented treatment group (G2, G3 and G4) at 28th and 33rd week than the control with G3 having the highest value. The MCV of G1 and G4 were both higher (P < 0.05) while the MCH, MCHC and neutrophil counts of G1 were significantly higher than other layer groups. The cholesterol level of G1 was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the supplemented groups (G2-G4) whose total proteins were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than G1. AC is recommended as feed additive for improvement of hematological indices and for use in cases of hypercholesterolemia
The effect of Citric Acid in the Diets of Native Chicken on Growth Performance and Carcass Traits
No full textAims: The study used native crossbred chickens to evaluate the effects of citric acid on growth performance and carcass traits of these chickens
Study Design: The experiment was a completely randomized design.
Place and Duration of Study: School of Agriculture and Aquaculture\u27s experimental farm, Tra Vinh University, between December 2020 to March 2021 (4 months).
Methodology: This study was a completely randomized design with four diets which were 0%, 0.15%, 0.25%, and 0.5% (CT, CT0.15, CT0.25, and CT0.50 respectively) of citric acid and three replicates per each diet. A total of 10 birds was allotted in each group with a 1:1 sex ratio. Feed and water were given ad libitum to the chickens. Data were collected daily throughout the experiment. At the end of the trial, the chickens were butchered to ascertain the weight of the carcass, breast, thigh, and internal organs.
Results: The results showed that chickens in the diet with 0.5% citric acid had a great performance, live weight was higher than other treatments with 632.1 g/bird at 8 weeks of age, daily weight gain, feed intake showed better performance as well. There was a linear feed conversion ratio when citric acid increased from 0 - 0.5% in the diets. Carcass weight, breast weight, and thigh weight were significantly different between treatments (P < 0.05). However, there were not significantly different between carcass, breast, thigh percentage, and other edible organs’ weight.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that adding citric acid with the amount of 0.50% in the diet improved growth performance and some carcass characteristics such as thigh weight and breast weight of the chickens
Impact of the Duration of Stress Steps before Slaughter and at Slaughter on the Physicochemical and Biochemical Characteristics of Meat in Camels
No full textAim: Animals intended for slaughter are subject to a number of stress factors abattoirs (unloading, stabulation and slaughtering conditions of animals) which can have negative effects on their physiological functions and on the quality of their meat. In this work, an investigation of the durations of transport, unloading, driving to the slaughter room, slaughter and bleeding was carried out, and the impact of the duration of each of these stages on physico-chemical and biochemical parameters of meat was assessed in camels.
Methodology: A survey was carried out in the municipal slaughterhousse of Casablanca in Morocco, to assess the stress duration during different pre-slaughter operations from the arrival of camels at the slaughterhouse until bleeding. The correlations between these stress factors and the physicochemical and biochemical composition of the meat were analyzed.
Results: The transport, unloading, accompagniment to the slaughter room, slaughtering and bleeding of the camels used in this survey were respectively, from 1 h to 11 h, from 3 min to 20 min, from 5 min to 20 min, from 4 min to 20 min and from 5 min to 10 min. Mean exudate and cooking loss values, and carbonyl and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were significantly (P<0.05) higher, while catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were significantly (P<0.05) lower when transport, unloading, driving to slaughter and slaughter times were longest. Transport, unloading, driving to the slaughterhouse and slaughter times were significantly (P<0.05) and positively correlated with exudation, cooking loss, MDA and carbonyls, while they were significantly (P<0.05) and negatively correlated with CAT and SOD activities.
Conclusion: The durations of the stages to which camels are exposed in slaughterhouse, from transport to slaughter could induce oxidation of their meat and alter its quality
Assessing Economic Livelihood of Small-scale City Swine Farmers Using Structural Equation Model of PLS: Special Case of Manokwari, West New Guinea Papua
No full textCity swine farmers have been raising the swine in economical ways for generations. The research objective was to depict a sustaining small-home business of the city swine production, and to assure existence, sustainability and the roles in economic and production purposes. The represented sixty city farmers selected using snowball method as respondents gained from several sub districts. Questionnaire made was used in interviewing respondents of swine farmers. The SemPLS employed by using economical model. The principal findings are significant parameters and hypothesis proven in model designs are population swine affected cost swine and price of swine (p=0,000), price of swine induce sold swine (p=0.000) and sold swine determined income generation (p=0.000). Dropped variables after re-analyzed are X4: Cost breed, X7: cost housing, X8: Cost tools (loading factor under 0.5). It has been concluded from our study that SemPLS has been proven to be a flexible and an analytical tool that is suitable to test more number of parameters simultaneously