Asian Journal of Research in Animal and Veterinary Sciences
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Partially Fermented African Locust Bean (Parkia biglobosa) Meal on Laying Performance, Blood Profile, Carcass Characteristics and Economic Efficiency of Layer Chickens
No full textIncorporating African locust bean seed meal in the diet of layer chickens has been shown to improve their laying performance, blood profile, and carcass characteristics, while also promoting sustainable agriculture. This nutrient-rich ingredient can be a cost-effective alternative to conventional feed resources, improving the economic efficiency of poultry production. A nine (9) months feeding trial was conducted to determine the effects of partially fermented African locust bean (Parkia biglobosa) meal (PFPBM) on the egg laying performance, egg quality, blood profile, carcass characteristics and economic efficiency of feed in Lohmann Brown strain layer chickens (17-weeks old). The study was conducted at the Poultry Section of the Department of Animal Science Education at the Akenten Appiah-Menka University of Skills Training and Entrepreneurial Development (AAMUSTED), Mampong-Ashanti, Ghana.
The present study employed a completely randomized design to investigate the effects of dietary treatments on the nutrition of layer birds. Five distinct diets were formulated, with varying levels of PFPBM. The control diet contained no PFPBM, whereas the other diets included PFPBM at concentrations of 3%, 5%, 7%, and 9%. Each dietary treatment consisted of 60 birds, with three replicates of 20 birds randomly assigned to each diet. The experimental birds were provided with ad libitum access to clean water and feed. The study concluded that egg weight was heavier (P < 0.05) in birds fed 0% and 7% PFPBM. Dietary PFPBM did not influence (P > 0.05) external egg characteristics except shell thickness which was significantly (P < 0.05) higher for birds fed 9% PFPBM. Yolk colour score was higher (P < 0.05) for eggs of birds fed 0%, 3% and 7% PFPBM. Albumen height and Haugh unit were significantly (P < 0.05) higher for birds fed 7% and 9% PFPBM. Hen - day egg production of birds fed 9% PFPBM (71.80%) was higher (P < 0.05) but decreased to 67.90% for hen-housed egg production which was insignificant (P >0.05) to other treatments except birds kept on 5% PFPBM. The haematological and biochemical responses were similar except packed cells volume, serum albumin and cholesterol levels which were better (P < 0.05) at 3%, 9% and 7% PFPBM. Dressed percentage was similar (P > 0.05) for birds fed 0%, 3% and 9% PFPBM. Net revenue per capita increased with increasing levels of PFPBM (GH₵ 22.29, GH₵ 20.03, GH₵ 20.26, GH₵ 24.45 and GH₵ 24.98 respectively for 0%, 3%, 5%, 7% and 9% PFPBM).
The study concluded that PFPBM can be used as a non-conventional feed ingredient in layer chicken diets to potentially enhance various aspects of production, including laying performance, egg quality, haematological and biochemical indices, as well as carcass characteristics. These positive effects could contribute to maximizing profits in commercial egg production enterprises, indicating the potential value of incorporating PFPBM into layer chicken feed formulations
Colour and Morphometric Characteristics of Ukerewe and Bunda Indigenous Cattle Populations in the Lake Victoria Basin, Tanzania
No full textThis study was undertaken with the objective of comparing body colour and morphometric characteristics of indigenous cattle populations in Ukerewe and Bunda Districts located in the Lake Victoria basin area of Tanzania. A total of 169 adult cattle selected randomly from the study area were examined for colour and morphometric characteristics and then taken linear body measurements. Majority of the cattle had plain colour pattern (63.8% in Ukerewe and 67.4% in Bunda). Predominant coat colour in Ukerewe and Bunda Districts were black and brown, respectively. A considerable proportion of cattle in this study had small sized dewlaps and navel flaps. Ukerewe cattle population had significantly (P < 0.05) bigger heart girths and very highly significantly (P < 0.001) shorter horns than Bunda cattle. The rest of the physical body measurements and all external body appendages showed insignificant (P > 0.05) differences between the two strains. With the exception of ear length and muzzle circumference, all measurements were positively and highly (P < 0.01) correlated with the body weight estimated from heart girth. Thus, the strains under the study differed remarkably in phenotype. Genetic characterisation of the strains using molecular techniques is recommended in order to establish if they could have a common origin
Performance of Ducks in the Early Phase of Laying Eggs Fed Ration Containing Pests of Ponds
No full textAims: The study aimed to determine the effect of pond pests based rations on the performance of ducks in the early phase of laying eggs.
Study Design: Complete randomized design (RAL) consisting of 3 treatments each with 3 replications.
Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted from September 2020 to October 2020 at the Polytechnic of Agriculture Pangkep State, Pangkep regency, Indonesia.
Methodology: A total of 45 ducks aged 6 months were kept for 30 days, each experimental unit with 5 ducks. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 3 treatments and 3 replications, with a treatment arrangement, namely P0 = Maintenance using commercial feed; P1 = P0 + 5% pond pests and P2 = P0 + 10% pond pests. The performance parameters observed in the study were ration consumption, egg production and egg weight.
Results: The maintenance of ducks in the early phase of laying eggs that received pond pests did not have a significant effect (P> 0.05) on egg production performance.
Conclusion: The conclusion in this study is that pond pests can be an alternative feed to the level of 10%
Animal Welfare Conditions: A Case Study of Ogbomoso North Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria
No full textThis study seeks to evaluate the respondents’ comprehension of animal welfare practices and identify factors influencing animal welfare, especially during transit. The welfare of animals is fundamental to the general wellbeing of humanity, and adherence to welfare standards in husbandry operations enhances farmers’ revenue. The research was conducted in government-controlled facilities responsible for routine animal inspection and slaughter services in various livestock markets and local butcher shops in Ogbomoso. Data obtained were analyzed using Microsoft Excel, tables, and Chi-square.According to the study, there is a 64.0% awareness among livestock dealers in Ogbomoso about animal welfare and its related issues, with 89.2% of the respondents indicating that they received education from animal healthcare professionals at the abattoir. The Chi-square distribution showed that transport-related animal deaths (28.48%), transport-related animal injury (20.25%), carcass disposal (17.72%), treatment of sick and injured animals (9.5%), slaughtering of debilitating animals (9.5%), and sales of sick or injured animals for slaughter (7.59%), all account for the prevalence of these factors during transport. This shows that as the distance between source to the market increases, so are the time spent traveling, the risk of an animal being injured while traveling, and the expense of treating such injury. Additional findings also shows the livestock stakeholder’s perspective on animal welfare concerns as it relates to proper housing, provision of adequate food and water, protection from diseases and harmful environmental conditions are found to be deficient in the study. In order to address these welfare concerns, the importance of animal welfare cannot be overstated, and it is crucial to prioritize their protection to maintain a healthy and sustainable environment
Recent Investigations on the Prevalence of Poultry Diseases
No full textThis study was performed in an attempt to investigate the prevalence of poultry diseases in the Barishal district of Bangladesh during the period from October 2018 to September 2019. A total of 863 poultry birds of different ages either dead or sick were examined for the study. History, owner’s complaints, clinical signs, and post-mortem findings of dead and sacrificed birds were considered for the diagnosis of the diseases. The prevalence of diseases was recorded in layers (n=416) 48.20%, broilers (n=305) 35.34% and sonali chickens (n=142) 16.45%. Among the diseases, the overall prevalence of infectious bursal disease (IBD) was found highest (18.08%) followed by salmonellosis (15.41%), newcastle disease (ND) (13.33%), mycoplasmosis / chronic respiratory disease (CRD) (12.28%), colibacillosis (10.31%), coccidiosis (7.53%), infectious bronchitis (7.18%), aspergillosis (5.68%), omphalitis (2.55%), fowl cholera (2.43%), infectious coryza (2.09%), fowl pox (1.51%), necrotic enteritis (1.16%), and marek\u27s disease (0.46%). Highest prevalence 17.79%, 27.87%, and 22.54% were recorded in salmonellosis, IBD, and ND respectively in layers, broilers, and sonali chickens. Based on seasonal variations, it was found that most of the diseases occurred in the summer (39.75%) followed by (32.33%) and (27.93%) respectively in winter and rainy season. This study suggests that appropriate vaccination, strict biosecurity, proper hygienic management, and other preventive measures should be taken into consideration for effective control of the diseases to establish sustainable development of poultry farming in these areas. 
On-Host Occurrence of Argas persicus in Retail Village Chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) from Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
No full textTicks transmit a greater variety of pathogenic micro-organisms than any other arthropod vector group, and are among the most important vectors of diseases affecting animals. A survey of the on-host occurrence of Argas persicus infesting retail domestic village chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) sourced from three local markets (Maiduguri Monday market, Baga Road market and Custom-Abbaganaram market) in Maiduguri was conducted between April and May, 2021. Five hundred (500) conveniently selected local birds consisting of 280 from Maiduguri Monday market, 100 from Baga road market and 120 from Custom-Abbaganaram markets were examined by feather separation with fingers and a pair of forceps to expose the skin of the birds for evidence of presence of ticks. Out of the 500 domestic chickens examined, 23 were infested given an overall prevalence of 4.6%. Prevalence of infestation was higher in birds from Monday market 16 (5.7 %) compared to Custom-Abbaganaram market 4 (3.3%), while Baga road market had the least infestation 3 (3.0%). All the ticks collected were identified as Argas persicus based on morphological features. The distribution of the ticks based on infested body parts showed that the under-wings had the highest incidence 20 (4%), followed by the thigh 16 (3.2%) and breast 5 (1%). The incidence of tick’s infestation between the sexes is not significant (p>0.05), with female infestation 14 (4.6%) being higher compared to males 9 (4.5%). Based on age groups of infested birds, incidence in adult birds 16 (4.7%) was higher than in young birds 7 (4.4%), though not statistically significant (p>0.05). This study has established the existence, although low, of Argas persicus among retail village chickens in Maiduguri. In view of this, the likelihood of transmission of Argas persicus and the pathogens harboured to otherwise free flocks were possible in the study area
Consumer Preference for Goat Meat in Sierra Leone
No full textMeat constitutes one of the primary sources of protein, fat, vitamins, and minerals in the human diet. The worldwide demand for meat and other products from animals has soared. With the increasing demand for meat products, increased meat marketing may boost the capacity to satisfy financial responsibilities and improve living conditions. Comprehending consumer meat consumption patterns will aid the development of small ruminants and the livestock industry. The objective of this study was to assess consumers\u27 preference for goat meat in Sierra Leone. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information from 367 goat meat consumers in four cities in Sierra Leone. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze the data. The result revealed that 57.2% of the consumers liked goat meat to a great extent. The most important reasons for liking goat meat were flavor (53.7%) and taste (23.2%). Most consumers bought goat meat based on price. The level of education (p<0.01) and religion (p<0.01) are the socioeconomic factors that positively influence consumer preference for goat meat. The goat meat cuts preferred the most by consumers are the breast (39.5%), the leg (14.2%), and the shoulder (11.4%). Therefore, disseminating these findings is crucial, as knowledge of present and probable demand would help extension workers educate and encourage farmers to produce what is needed in the market. Thus, this would enhance farmers\u27 access and bargaining power in the market, increasing incomes and improving livestock farmers\u27 livelihoods
Varying Inclusions of Piper guineense, Aframomum melegueta and their Composite in the Diets of Broiler Chickens: Effects on Growth and Antioxidative Status
No full textAims: To study the effects of varied levels of Piper guineense seed powder (PGSP), Aframomum melegueta seed powder (AMSP) and their composite mix on the growth and antioxidative status of broilers.
Study Design: The experiment was a completely randomized design.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Technology Akure, between September 2020 and October 2020 (6 weeks).
Methodology: This study was a completely randomized design with seven diets which were: A (control/basal), B (A + 0.25 g PGSP/kg), C (A + 0.50 g PGSP/kg), D (A+ 0.25 g AMSP/kg), E (A + 0.50 g AMSP/kg), F (A+ 0.25 g {PGSP + AMSP [1:1]/kg) and G (A + 0.50 g {AMSP + PGSP [1:1]/kg). Two hundred and ten (210) day – old unsexed Cobb 500 chicks were randomly allotted to the diets: Each treatment was replicated 3 times with 10 birds per replicate. The birds were fed ad – libitum and provided with clean water. Growth data were collected weekly and at the end of the study, 5 birds per replicates were selected for blood collection to determine the antioxidative status of the birds.
Results: There was a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the weekly weight gain of the birds fed 0.50 g/kg of the PGSP, AMSP and their composite. The relative growth rate was not statistically (P > 0.05) affected across all the experimental diets. The protein intakes of the birds were significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced across all the treatment diets. All the antioxidant ezymes studied (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidant capacity) were significantly (P < 0.05) increased by the varied inclusion of the additives while the serum malondialdehyde concentarion was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that adding PGSP, AMSP and their composite mix up to 0.50 g/kg diet improved growth performance and enhanced the antioxidant status of the broilers
Hospital Prevalence of Infectious and Non-Infectious Diseases of Dog at Khulna, Bangladesh
No full textAims: The study was conducted to investigate the hospital prevalence of different infectious and non-infectious diseases of dog.
Place and Duration of Study: Data was collected from Khulna sadar upazilla veterinary hospital, Khulna pet clinic, Daulotpur veterinary hospital, Khulna between August 2022 and January, 2023.
Methodology: The study examines the prevalence of infectious (caused by pathogens) and non-infectious (caused by factors such as genetics, malnutrition, environment etc.) diseases of dog according to their sex, breed and age.
Results: A total number of 122 dogs were found during the investigation in which prevalence of infectious disease (65.57%) was higher than non-infectious disease (34.43%). The higher prevalence was found in female (54.10%) than male (45.9%) with no significance. According to breed, the highest prevalence was observed in Local breed (69.67%) followed by German shepherd (18.86%), Doberman (7.38%) and Labrador (4.10%). Age-wise prevalence was highest in 7-36 months (47.54%) age followed by >36 months (27.87%) and less than 6 months (24.60%). Age, sex, Breed showed a significant association with diseases with a p-value <0.05 in the study
Effect of Seasonal Mating on Calves’ Birth Weights of Mpwapwa Cattle Breed and its Crosses Produced at Tanzania Livestock Research Institute
No full textAims: A study was conducted to assess how seasonal mating could influence calf birth weight in cattle among Mpwapwa breed and its four crossbreeds reared at Tanzania Livestock Research Institute (TALIRI) farm.
Study Design: This study used farm data collected at TALIRI, Mpwapwa centre. A total of 585 calves of Mpwapwa cattle breed and its four different crosses, born between 2018 and 2023 were included in the study. Among those, 395 were born during the dry season (June to November) while 190 were born during the rainy season (December to May).
Methodology: To assess for significance of differences in mean birth weights between seasons and crossbreeds, a two – way ANOVA with interaction was performed, followed by univariate pairwise comparisons with Bonferroni correction while pairwise differences between crossbreeds were assessed using an independent samples t – test.
Results: The results showed that, mean birth weights differed between seasons (F=4.88, P=.03) and between calf crossbreeds (F=17.33, P<.001). The mean birth weight of calves born during the rainy season (24.4kg) was higher compared to that of calves born during the dry season (23.4kg) (P=.04). Overall, Vianze calves had highest mean birth weight (26.6kg, n = 64), followed by Kikombo calves (25.7kg, n = 61), Matondwe (24.5kg, n = 35) and Chibamba calves (24.4 kg, n = 81). Mpwapwa calves had the lowest mean birth weight (22.6kg, n = 344).
Conclusion: These findings demonstrate the importance of strategic feeding especially of pregnant cattle in optimizing subsequent mean calf birth weights. Feeding the pregnant cattle with maize leftovers and hay resulted to higher birth weights. Also, the role of cattle crossbreeding programs in improving calf birth weights has been demonstrated