Asian Journal of Research in Animal and Veterinary Sciences
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Assessment of Risk Factors of Eco-Friendly and Sustainable Beef Fattening in the Northern Part of Bangladesh
No full textThe goals of the current study were to evaluate the risk factors involved in livestock production in Bangladesh as well as the current status of the country\u27s cattle farms, the background of farmers conditions, rearing factors, feeding practices, biosecurity conditions, usage of antibiotics and growth promoters, climatic change adjustment, and disease prevalence and treatment strategy. A systematic questionnaire was used to conduct the survey among 300 cattle farms from June 2022 to July 2023. The socioeconomic conditions of farmers, rearing factors, and feeding management of the farm\u27s animals are moderately satisfied. Findings from this study indicated that about 28% of farmers were illiterate. Due to inadequate biosecurity present on the farms, the highly alarming fact that 84% of farms had LSD problems, 13% had FMD problems, and the rest had problems with other diseases. When flocks got affected by contagious and virus diseases, it was concerning that only 22% of farms isolated the diseased animals. According to this survey, just about 11% of farm owners were aware of the long-term effects of antibiotic use. Only about 24% of people knew of the health hazards connected to steroid use. Compared to 5% of farm owners who are knowledgeable about microbial resistance, 93% of farm owners are ignorant about it. The use of steroids as a growth enhancer revealed an inversely significant link with the training and treatment of farm animals (p <0.01). The correlation between educational level and the overall biosecurity measure was inversely significant (p< 0.01). It was found that 63% of farms use steroids as growth enhancers for raising beef cattle due to the early profit. Dexamethasone injections and other steroid-group tablet formulations are used to artificially fatten cattle. The government and proper authority in the livestock industry could take action to tackle the current issues. Farms should be adaptable to climate change-related adjustments and scientific approaches to cattle farming practices
Coproscopical Approach to Assess the Current Epidemiology of Bovine Paramphistomiasis at Babuganj, Barishal District, Bangladesh
No full textTo conduct coprological studies to assess the current epidemiological state of bovine paramphistomiasis, 60 fecal samples were collected from different areas, of Babuganj upazila, Barishal, Bangladesh between 17th August 2022 to 5th January 2023. The sedimentation method was applied for the detection of parasitic eggs in the fecal contents. The overall prevalence rate of paramphistomiasis was 28.3%. Indigenous [28.6%, 95% CI: 1.06 (.24-4.61)] and older cattle had a slightly higher prevalence of paramphistomiasis than cross-bred (27.3%) and younger ones. Furthermore, the males [25%, 95% CI: 0.75 (.23-2.42)] were found to be less susceptible to paramphistomum infestations than the females (30.6%). However, no significant effects of age, sex, and breed were established for the development of paramphistomiasis in the cattle population
Comparative Analysis of Sperm Quality of the Greater Cane Rat (Thryonomys swinderianus) Collected by Masturbation and Epididymal Puncture, in Côte d\u27Ivoire
No full textThe aim of this study was to compare the semen parameters of manually collected male greater cane rats with those obtained by epididymal aspiration. 15 apparently healthy male greater cane rats, aged 7-13 months, reared in close captivity were used in this study. Thirty (30) semen samples were collected, fifteen (15) by masturbation during the first week and the other half by epididymal aspiration during the second week from the same subjects. The experiment was conducted in accordance with EU Directive 2010/63/EU on the protection of animals in experiments. Semen evaluation included macroscopic and microscopic examination using the modified David\u27s method. The mean volume of semen obtained by masturbation (0.6 ± 29.3 ml) was significantly higher than that obtained by aspiration (0.035 ± 0.4 ml). The Kruskal-Wallis test showed a highly significant difference at P < 0.05 between the semen volumes obtained by the two collection methods. Comparative analysis of semen concentration values showed a significant difference P < 0.05 using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Collection by masturbation resulted in a mean sperm concentration of 154.33 ± 11.44 106/ml. This value is lower than that obtained by aspiration, which is 512.06 ± 1.1 106/ml. From the comparative analysis it can be concluded that the aspiration method provides good vitality and a higher sperm concentration
Diversity and Abundance of Edible Orthopterans Insects and their Future Prospects for Food Security of the People in Baksa District, Assam, India
No full textAssam in North East India is very rich in diversity of edible insects. Most of the insects are eaten by tribal people as nutritious and tasty food. Orthopteran species such as grasshoppers (Acrididae and Tettigoniidae) and crickets (Mole cricket and House cricket) are major insects eaten by tribal people such as Bodo, Rabha, Sarania, Tea Tribes etc. in study area. Most of these species are pests of crops and vegetables which damage the crops and reduce their yield. These species are eaten as food by ethnic people of the study area and they have incredible prospects in food security. The diversity of orthopterans was calculated by using “Shannon Wiener Index. Species diversity was determined following Shannon Wiener’s Index (Shannon and Weaver, 1963, Ludwig and Reynolds, 1988). During this study period, a total of 10 species of Orthoptera belonging to 4 families of 10 genera were recorded. Family Acrididae was dominant with (5 species), followed by Tettigoniidae (2 species), Gryllidae (2 species) and then followed by Gryllotalpidae (1 species). Agricultural Field habitat such as Paddy fields and Open field habitat such as grassland areas contribute to richness in diversity of Orthopteran species. Shannon-Weiner diversity index (H’) was applied to find out whether any significant difference existed in the insect diversity between different habitats. Simpson’s diversity index was used to measure the diversity which allows the number of species present as well as the relative abundance of each species. The largest number of edible Orthopteran is available during June to September (pre monsoon and monsoon) and then gets gradually reduced from retreating monsoon to winter season
Feed Resources Potential, and Nutritional Quality of Major Feed Stuffs in the Three Agro-Ecological Zone of Mixed Farming System in Arsi Zone, Ethiopia
No full textThe poor nutritional quality of feed resources is one of the major constraints to optimize livestock productivity in the mixed farming systems of the country; however, there is lack of information on the nutritional quality of feeds utilized in the area. Thus this study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition of the livestock feed resources in the three agro-ecologies and farming systems of Arsi zone. Using stratified purposive sampling technique, 150 households who owned cattle were selected from three agro-ecologies to assess feed resources potential and to evaluate the nutritional quality majorly used feed resources. Structured questionnaire and field observation were used to collect detail information. The feed samples were analyzed for dry matter basis for organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral-detergent fiber (NDF), acid-detergent fiber (ADF) acid-detergent lignin, in vitro digestibility organic matter in the dry matter (IVDOMD) and Metabolizable energy (ME). The result had shown that nutrient content of feeds showed variation between the three agro-ecologies. The overall mean OM, CP, NDF, ADF, and ADL contents of natural pasture (dry and rainy season) ranged from 88.4±0.06-90.4±0.2, 7.0 ± 0.3-9.7 ± 0.2 %, 55.6 ± 0.5- 68.4 ± 0.5 %, 27.0 ± 0.97- 37.9 ± 0.3 %, 3.3 ± 0.08-7.3 ±0.3 % and55 ±0.3-78.7±0.8% and 8.2±0.05 -11.8 ± 0.1MJ/kg DM respectively, the corresponding values for crop residues varied from 88.6±0.04-94.7±0.06, 2.4 ± 0.1- 5.7 ± 0.6 %, 63.0 ± 2.8- 78.4 ±1.5 %, 43.2 ± 0.6 – 46.8 ± 0.7%, 7.8 ± 0.9 -14.8 ± 0.2, 49.4 ± 0.1- 54.8 ± 1.3 % and 7.4 ± 0.1 – 8.2 ± 0.2 MJ/kg DM respectively. During rainy season grasses in natural pasture had higher CP than dry season natural pasture grasses and crop residues. In such condition the inclusion of the green grasses during the absence of feed when the quality feed decrease in CP content could be essential. Treating of crop residue (chemical, physical and biological treatment) when reasonable to improve its nutritional quality must be imperative to enhance livestock performance in the study area and for similar situation
Effects of Substituting Sunflower Seed Cake with Copra Cake on Growth Performance and Economic Value of Broiler
No full textAn experiment to determine the effects of substituting sunflower seed cake with copra cake on growth performance and cost value of broilers was conducted at Sokoine University of Agriculture. A total of 260 broilers were assigned to five dietary treatments designated as (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5), containing 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60% of copra cake, respectively. The experimental diets were fed for 6 weeks i.e. 8-49 days of age. During the experiment the birds were group fed and feed intake was measured daily whereas live weight changes were measured weekly. After seven weeks; 12 chickens from each treatment were slaughtered and carcass yield and dressing percentage were determined. Proximate analysis of the individual feed ingredients and experimental diets was done. The results showed that Crude protein (CP) and metabolizable energy (ME) were not significantly different between the treatments. Dry matter intake (DM) was significantly lower for T4 and T5 during the 3rd and 4th week of the experiment. Total DM intake per bird was lowest for T4 (3354.9g) and highest for T2 (3926.2g). FCR and FER in T4 were significantly lower (1.95) and higher (0.52) respectively. Significant differences on growth performance were observed, with higher cumulative weight gain in T1 (1870.1g) and lower for T5 (1704.4g). However, dietary treatment had no significant effect on carcass yield and dressing percentage except for the liver. When cost was correlated to return from marketable bird it was shown that highest gross margins were obtained from T4. From the current study it was concluded that copra cake can replace sunflower seedcake meal up to 45% without affecting the performance of birds
Influence of Diaminazene Aceturate (Berenil®) on the Haematology of Yankasa Sheep Experimentally Infected with Trypanosoma evansi
No full textHaematological profiles were determined in Yankasa sheep experimentally infected with Trypanosoma evansi (T. evansi) and treated with diaminazene aceturate (berenil®). A total of 30 animals were divided into 6 groups (A to F) (n=5). Animals from each group were either uninfected or infected with T. evansi, and treated with Berenil®. Infection of the infected groups (A, C and E) was done via intravenous inoculation of T. evansi, while the infected group C and E were treated with berenil® at 3.5 and 7 mg/kg BW, respectively, by day 16 post infection (PI). The infected groups had pre-patent period of 8 days, with similar levels of parasitaemia (4.7 ± 0.27). In group A, the mean parasite count rose significantly (P < 0.05) to 72.8 ± 1.07 by day 12 PI and continue to a peak value of 250.6 ± 1.98 by day 28 PI. In group C and E, the initial parasitaemia rose significantly (P < 0.05) to 80.8 ± 1.12 and 78.2 ± 1.11 by day 12 PI, following treatment with 3.5 and 7.0 mg/kg BW of berenil®, by day 20 PI, respectively, and was completely eliminated by day 9 and 5 post treatment (PT), respectively. As parasitaemia increased, PCV, RBC, Hb, WBC, platelets count, absolute lymphocytes and monocytes, significantly declined (P<0.05) in group A, leading to anaemia at day 16 PT. It is therefore, demonstrated that both the two doses of berenil® were effective in the treatment of the disease under experimental conditions but 7.0 mg/kg cleared the parasitaemia faster
Pre and Post-Weaning Growth and Survivability of Three Genotypes of Cattle at TALIRI Tanga, Tanzania
No full textThis study examined the growth performance of the three genotypes of cattle raised at TALIRI Tanga: Pure Boran (BB), Boran + Friesian (BF), and Boran + Jersey (BF) crosses. The 20 years of data (from 2001 to 2020) were used to examine the effects of calves\u27 genotype, sex, amount of rainfall, season of birth, and type of rearing on growth parameters (birth weight, weaning weight, yearling weight, pre-weaning growth, and post-weaning growth, in kg and kg/day respectively). The General Linear Model was used to calculate growth parameters and correlations while, the Chi-square test performed to assess pre- and post-weaning survivability. BF calves were substantially heavier at birth than BB and BJ calves (P<0.05). Male calves were 4.1% heavier than female calves, at birth and the calves born during the dry season were 4.0% heavier than those born during the wet season. BB calves were significantly survived % better than BF and BJ in all growth stages female calves survived better by 3.57% than male calves and the bucket-reared calves had survived significantly higher than direct-suckled calves by 6.9% in pre-weaning stage. The phenotypic correlation between birth weight and weaning weight was moderately positive (0.3), as was between weaning weight and yearling weight. However, the correlation between weaning weight and pre-weaning growth, and between yearling weight and post-weaning were both strongly positive (0.9), while the correlation between birth weight and post-weaning growth was negative (r= -0.1). Thus, crossing exotic breeds with Boran cattle enhances crosses growth performance relative to Boran while also improving cross survivability in hot/humid environments compared to pure exotic cattle
Physiological Responses to Trauma-Haemorrhage (T/H) in Relation to Gender (Sex) in Adult Nubian Goats (Capra hircus)
No full textAims: The effects of gender and trauma-haemorrhage (T/H) on thermoregulation and blood constituents were investigated in adult Nubian goats.
Methodology: Twenty adult goats (10 males and 10 females) were used in the experiment. For each gender, animals were randomly assigned to two groups of 5 animals each, a control group and a treated group that was subjected to surgical soft tissue trauma (laparotomy) and 30% bleeding of calculated total blood volume. Thermoregulation, BW, haematological and serum biochemical parameters were monitored for 7 weeks.
Results: The results showed significant increases in RR (p<0.05) and HR (p<0.001) following T/H in treated groups. The females had significantly lower rectal temperature Tr (p<0.05) and higher heart rate HR (p<0.001) values in response to T/H. After T-H, the PCV and Hb concentration significantly (p<0.001) decreased in both treated groups until week 2, both parameters were lower (p<0.001) in females compared with males. The interaction between gender and T/H indicated lower (p<0.01) Hb concentration in the female group. The TLC values was increased significantly (p<0.001) in the female treated group after 6 hrs and at day 4 in the male treated group. The interaction between gender and T/H indicated higher (p<0.001) TLC in the female treated group. The ratios of lymphocytes decreased (p<0.001) and neutrophils increased (p<0.001) in treated groups compared with control groups until day 6. The interaction effects between gender and T/H indicated a lower (p<0.01) lymphocyte ratio and a higher (p<0.01) neutrophil ratio in the female treated group. Serum concentrations of total protein (p<0.001) and albumin (p<0.01) were significantly lower in T/H goats reflecting haemodilution and tissue catabolism. Following T/H, serum urea (p<0.01) and plasma glucose (p<0.001) concentrations were significantly higher in treated groups until day 2; and the females had significantly (p<0.001) higher glucose concentration compared with males.
Conclusions: Gender had marked effects on the responses to T/H. Female goats subjected to T/H had higher physiological responses compared to male treated goats
Effect of Time Interval between the Semen Collection and its Dilution on Seminal Attributes during Semen Cryopreservation in Goats
No full textA study was conducted to evaluate the best suitable time to dilute the fresh ejaculated semen for cryopreservation in goats. 10 healthy bucks of Sirohi breed maintained at goat frozen semen station were selected for the experiment. The semen was collected from each buck in morning hours using artificial vagina. Just after collection, the semen was divided into three groups (I, II and III) and diluted as per the experimental design viz. 0, 5 and 10 minutes post collection with tris egg yolk semen extender and subject to freezing. The frozen semen was evaluated after 7 days of storage in LN2 cylinder. On evaluation a significantly (P<0.05) higher values for percent viable sperm and mitochondria activity were observed in group II compared to I & III group. Significantly (P<0.05) higher values for percent viable ROS+ ve sperm and acrosome disrupted acrosome were observed in group I followed by Group III and II. The path velocity and kinematic characters exhibited significantly (P<0.05) higher values in group II compared to other group during experiment. The interpretation of the result suggests that both early and late dilution of neat semen result in poor post thaw semen quality. The neat semen should be diluted at 5 minutes of collection to achieve best post thaw semen quality in goats