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Simple Synthesis of 4A Zeolite with the Addition of Al2O3 and Na2EDTA Compounds
No full text4A zeolite complex derived from coal has been successfully synthesized through the preparation of fractionated samples, analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS), resulting in a chemical composition of silica (SiO2) 24.78% and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) 29.60%. The fly ash produced from this fractionation is used as the base material for the synthesis of 4A zeolite. The fly ash is reacted with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at room temperature, yielding a gel that is subsequently crystallized into 4A zeolite through a reflux process. The resulting zeolite crystals are then supplemented with Al2O3 and disodium dihydrogen ethylenediaminetetraacetate (Na2EDTA) as sources of aluminum to achieve a molar ratio of Si/Al = 1.42. Optimal quality 4A zeolite crystals were obtained from the synthesis of 5.9351 g of medium fraction fly ash, along with 1 g Al2O3, 4 g NaOH, and 0.569 g Na2EDTA. Infrared (IR) characterization results indicate that the optimal 4A zeolite from medium fraction fly ash is characterized by crystals with the addition of 1.5 g of Al2O3. Wide absorption bandwidths are typically caused by large spectral line widths, which can occur if a significant amount of energy is absorbed by various vibrational modes, assuming that excess Al2O3 leads to the formation of functional groups that contribute to the same band. A peak at a wavelength of 564 cm-1 indicates double ring stretching vibrations, while a peak at 661 cm-1 indicates symmetric stretching vibrations of the zeolite framework. Meanwhile, peaks at wavelengths of 3460.86 cm-1 and 974.71 cm-1 indicate detected O-H absorptio
Konsep Arkeologi Eksperimental sebagai Opsi Rencana Pengelolaan Warisan Budaya Berbasis Masyarakat: Studi Kasus Candi Morangan
No full textAbstract.Experimental Archaeology Concept in the Cultural Heritage Management of Morangan Temple Site in Sleman Regency. Cultural heritage holds significant value that must be managed properly to benefit current society and be passed on to future generations. Morangan Temple, located in Sleman Regency, has great potential to be developed into an attractive educational tourism destination. This study aims to design a cultural heritage management plan by adopting an experimental archaeology approach. Experimental archaeology involves reconstructing and testing buildings, technologies, artifacts, and past environmental contexts based on archaeological evidence to understand their structures, functions and uses in the past. Integrating experimental archaeology into the community-based management model can broaden perspectives, enrich educational experiences, and ensure meaningful community involvement in cultural preservation. The research methods include field observation at the Candi Morangan Temple site and surrounding areas, literature review on cultural heritage management and experimental archaeology, and analysis of secondary data related to the site. The results indicate that incorporating experimental archaeology can enhance public understanding of history and culture while promoting active participation in heritage conservation. The proposed management plan involves developing an interactive interpretation center, utilizing digital technologies, and creating educational tourism routes. It also includes hands-on visitor activities such as structure reconstruction, excavation simulations, and artifact observation. This integration is expected to transform Morangan Temple into a sustainable center for learning and tourism, reinforcing local cultural identity and supporting community economic growth.
Keywords: Morangan Temple, Experimental Archaeology, Cultural Heritage Management, Educational Tourism, Sleman Regency
Abstrak. Warisan budaya memiliki nilai penting yang perlu dikelola dengan tepat agar dapat dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat saat ini dan diwariskan kepada generasi mendatang. Candi Morangan yang berada di Kabupaten Sleman memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai destinasi wisata edukasi yang menarik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah merancang pengelolaan warisan budaya dengan mengadopsi pendekatan arkeologi eksperimental. Arkeologi eksperimental merupakan pendekatan arkeologi melalui rekonstruksi dan pengujian bangunan, teknologi, benda, dan konteks lingkungan masa lalu berdasarkan bukti arkeologi untuk memahami struktur, fungsi, dan penggunaannya di masa lalu. Pengintegrasian arkeologi eksperimental dalam rencana pengelolaan warisan budaya berbasis masyarakat dapat menjadi langkah penting untuk memperluas wawasan, memperkaya pengalaman, dan menjaga keterlibatan masyarakat dalam upaya melestarikan warisan budaya yang dimiliki. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi observasi terhadap Candi Morangan dan lingkungannya, studi literatur terkait pengelolaan warisan budaya dan arkeologi eksperimental, dan dilanjutkan analisis data sekunder yang berhubungan dengan Candi Morangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengintegrasian arkeologi eksperimental dalam pengelolaan Candi Morangan dapat meningkatkan pemahaman masyarakat terhadap sejarah dan budaya, serta mendorong partisipasi aktif mereka dalam pelestarian warisan budaya. Rencana pengelolaan yang diusulkan mencakup pengembangan pusat interpretasi interaktif, pemanfaatan teknologi, dan jalur wisata edukatif. Selain itu, kegiatan arkeologi eksperimental seperti rekonstruksi struktur, simulasi penggalian, dan observasi artefak akan menjadi bagian dari pengalaman wisata. Integrasi ini diharapkan dapat menjadikan Candi Morangan sebagai pusat pembelajaran dan wisata berkelanjutan yang memperkuat identitas budaya lokal dan mendukung pertumbuhan ekonomi masyarakat.
Kata Kunci: Candi Morangan, Arkeologi Eksperimental, Pengelolaan Warisan Budaya, Wisata Edukasi, Kabupaten Slema
MAPPING THE AIR MOISTURE CHANGE IN UNDER CANOPY TREES USING A HEMISPHERICAL AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH BASED ON MACHINE LEARNING APPROACHES
No full textThe essential roles of trees in controlling the local climatic variation, such as air moisture, are still interesting to observe. Therefore, this study must deliver knowledge of the benefits of growing trees and enhance people's awareness of climate change adaptation. Here, the analysis requires several data fields such as hemispherical photography, an aerial photograph of a UAV, and air temperature collected using a wet and dry bulb thermometer, which has converted to air moisture. All these are considered to understand the air moisture change under the trees' canopy during a day observation. The hemispherical photography and aerial photograph of a UAV are processed to measure the tree's canopy size and then used together with interpolated air moisture to map the variation in air moisture distribution in under-canopy trees using random forest (RF) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The result shows that hemispherical photography describes the ability to control the air moisture change. As its size increases, the air moisture level tends to be higher. It was maintained at more than 70% compared to the area with lower canopy cover. This characteristic is similar to the pattern shown by the RF and ANN. However, the SVM has better results as it can separate air humidity in vegetated and non-vegetated areas
SPATIO-TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN CORAL REEF AREA USING LANDSAT 8 SATELLITE IMAGERY ON PARI ISLAND, KEPULAUAN SERIBU, DKI JAKARTA
No full textCoral reefs are ecosystems that are sensitive to change. High pressure can cause damage to coral reefs. Monitoring the condition of coral reefs needs to be done to know the current condition. One way that can be used to monitor coral reefs is by utilizing remote sensing. The research was conducted to know the changes in the coral reef area and the factors that influence the changes in the coral reef area in Pari Island, Kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta in the period 2013 to 2022. The research was conducted using Landsat 8 image data from 2013 to 2022. Image data processing was done with an object-based classification method. Coral cover measurements were conducted using the Line Intercept Transect (LIT) method. The results showed a change in coral reef area of 7.02 ha with the condition of live coral cover ranging from 27-43% which is included in the fair category. The results of field measurements show that the condition of water parameters falls into the unsuitable category. The increase in area that occurred was thought to be due to management activities carried out by the Pari Island community and activities carried out by LIPI in 2016, namely conducting coral reef restoration. The decrease in area is partly due to coastal reclamation activities, destructive tourist activities, and parameter conditions
MONITORING CHANGES IN CORAL REEF HABITAT COVER ON BERALAS PASIR ISLAND USING SPOT 4 AND SPOT 7 IMAGERY FROM 2011 AND 2018
No full textBeralas Pasir is part of the Regional Marine Conservation Area (KKLD), which was established by the Bintan Regency Government with Bintan Regent Decree No. 261 / VIII / 2007. Water tourism activities undertaken by tourists on the island have had an impact on the condition of the coral reefs, as have other factors, such as bauxite, granite and land sand mining activities around the island. This research aims to determine changes in the coral reef habitat cover and the condition of the coral reefs around Beralas Pasir Island with a remote sensing function, using SPOT 4 imagery acquired on June 1, 2011 and SPOT 7 imagery from April 5, 2020. Data collection of environmental parameters related to the coral reefs was also made. The image processing used the Lyzenga algorithm to simplify the image classification process. The percentage of coral live cover around the island ranges from 26% -53%; this has experienced a significant change, from 67,560 hectares in 2011 to 38,338 hectares in 2018, a total decrease in the area of 29,222 hectares. Some of the natural factors found in the research which have caused damage to the reefs were Drupella snails, the abundance of Caulerpa racemosaalgae, and sea urchins. The majority of the coral reef types consist of Non-Acropora: Coral Massive, Coral, Coral Foliose, Coral Encrusting, Acropora: Acropora Tabulate, Acropora Encrusting, and Acropora Digitat
