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Struktur Sosial pada Rumah Pejabat Tinggi Perkebunan Zaman Hindia Belanda di Jawa Bagian Barat
No full textThis paper aims to reveal the social structure on the high officials of plantation residence in west part of Java. This paper is based on research reports using archaeological research methods, explaining about the architecture, layout, materials, and technology used to determine the symbolic meaning behind the physical form of the building. Structure concept and non-verbal communication concept can explain that the high officials of plantation residence is a central building in the plantation emplacement. The residence as a symbol of great power, especially in the plantation environment that still exist until now.
Tulisan ini bertujuan mengungkap struktur sosial pada rumah pejabat tinggi perkebunan peninggalan zaman Hindia Belanda di Jawa bagian barat. Tulisan ini berdasarkan laporan hasil penelitian yang menggunakan metode penelitian arkeologi, menjelaskan tentang arsitektur, tata letak, bahan, dan teknologi yang digunakan untuk mengetahui makna simbolik dibalik wujud fisik bangunan. Structure concept dan non-verbal communication concept dapat menjelaskan bahwa rumah pejabat tinggi perkebunan merupakan bangunan sentral dalam emplasemen perkebunan. Rumah tersebut sebagai simbol kuasa besar, terutama di lingkungan perkebunan yang masih eksis sampai sekarang
Batu Teong di Pegunungan Kota Ambon, Kepulauan Ambon Lease
No full textThis paper discusses the traces of prehistoric communities in the mountainous region of the Ambon island. This study is more directed to archaeological findings in the form of material culture that is dolmen in expressing their cosmology. Cosmology discussion in this paper is about understanding and views of people in the mountain region of the city of Ambon, Ambon Island on settlement patterns and understanding symbols dolmen. The purpose of writing is to know the and understand the views and understanding of the people in the mountainous region of Ambon City in Ambon Island on settlement patterns and understanding symbols based on material culture dolmen. Methods ethnoarchaeology the basis for the reviewers' problems referred to with reference to the interview data collection techniques, survey and literature study. The results showed that 1) people in the mountainous region of the city of Ambon, Ambon Island know as stone dolmen Teong, the stone which symbolizes about grouping integrated community. 2) The settlement pattern of people in the mountainous region of the city of Ambon, Ambon Island based cultural material of stone dolmen Teong characterized micro settlements, ie settlements which focuses on the center of the stone dolmen Teong as central settlement. Macro-economic settlement of people in the mountainous region of the city of Ambon, Ambon Island has a characteristic orientation (cosmos) coastal settlement - the mountain. The orientation can be seen in the forms of settlement which extends linearly follow the directions north south and cosmos them about splitting the island, or in other words do not follow geographical settlements length of the island.
Tulisan ini membahas tentang bagaimana jejak-jejak prasejarah orang-orang pegunungan di wilayah Pulau Ambon. Kajian ini lebih mengarah kepada temuan arkeologi berupa budaya material yaitu dolmen dalam mengungkapkan kosmologi mereka. Pembahasan kosmologi dalam tulisan ini adalah mengenai pemahaman dan pandangan orang-orang di wilayah pegunungan Kota Ambon, Pulau Ambon tentang pola permukiman dan pemaknaan simbol dolmen. Tujuan penulisan adalah untuk mengatahui dan memahami pandangan dan pemahaman orang-orang di wilayah pegunungan Kota Ambon, Pulau Ambon tentang pola permukiman dan pemaknaan simbol berdasarkan budaya bendawi dolmen. Metode etnoarkeologi menjadi dasar dalam penelaah permasalahan dimaksud dengan mengacu pada teknik pengumpulan data wawancara, survei dan studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa 1) orang-orang di wilayah pegunungan Kota Ambon, Pulau Ambon mengenal dolmen dengan sebutan batu teong, yaitu batu yang melambangkan tentang pengelompokkan masyarakat yang terintegrasi. 2) Pola permukiman orang-orang di wilayah pegunungan Kota Ambon, Pulau Ambon berdasarkan budaya bendawi dolmen batu teong memiliki ciri permukiman mikro, yaitu permukiman yang menitik beratkan pusat dolmen batu teong sebagai sentral permukiman. Permukiman makro yaitu orang-orang di wilayah pegunungan Kota Ambon, Pulau Ambon memiliki ciri orientasi (kosmos) permukiman pantai–gunung. Orientasi tersebut dapat dilihat pada bentuk-bentuk permukiman yang linear memanjang mengikuti arah utara selatan serta kosmos mereka tentang membelah pulau, atau kata lain permukiman tidak mengikuti geografis panjang pulau
MARINE CRIME IN INDONESIA: A SPATIO-TEMPORAL ASSESSMENT OF EMERGING TRENDS AND HOTSPOTS
No full textIndonesia, with its vast maritime domain, faces significant challenges related to maritime crime, including illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing, piracy, human trafficking, and smuggling. The country’s strategic position, bordering key shipping routes like the Strait of Malacca and the Sunda Strait, exacerbates its vulnerability to transnational crimes. This study provides a spatio-temporal assessment of emerging trends and hotspots of marine crime in Indonesia during the period of 2022-2023. Through an analysis of crime incidents, the research identifies key areas of concern, such as the Java Sea, Sumatra, and Eastern Indonesia, where illegal activities have shown persistent and intensifying patterns. The Strait of Malacca and Aceh emerged as critical zones, with increased incidents of piracy and human trafficking, partly linked to the Rohingya refugee crisis. Additionally, the study highlights the environmental impact of illegal activities in ecologically sensitive regions, such as Papua and the Coral Triangle, where illegal logging, mining, and destructive fishing practices threaten marine ecosystems. The analysis also reveals seasonal trends, with the highest concentration of incidents occurring between July and September, coinciding with peak fishing activities. Despite efforts by the Indonesian government, including the Sinking of Foreign Vessels Policy and regional cooperation initiatives like ReCAAP, enforcement gaps remain, particularly in remote regions. The study identifies critical gaps in maritime security, including the need for improved technological surveillance and enhanced community engagement in enforcement efforts. The findings underscore the importance of spatial-temporal monitoring to inform targeted law enforcement and policy responses, thereby protecting Indonesia’s marine resources and enhancing national security
SPATIAL TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF LAND USE CHANGES IN AREAS VULNERABLE TO EARTHQUAKES AND LANDSLIDES, (Case Study: Cianjur Regency)
No full textCianjur Regency is a regency that is vulnerable to earthquakes and landslides. This is because the Cianjur Regency is crossed by the Cimandiri Fault which is actively moving. Meanwhile, the population growth rate in Cianjur district has increased based on data from Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) for 2020-2021. Population growth causes many problems, especially the problem of space. Built-up land will be higher as the population increases. This study uses the temporal spatial analysis method of land use with variables of land use in 2013 and 2022, Earthquake Vulnerability Index, and Landslide Vulnerability Index. This variable was obtained based on the processing of Landsat 8 Satellite Imagery data in 2013 and 2022 and disaster vulnerability raster data from Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB). The results of this study are a temporal spatial analysis of changes in land use from 2013 - 2022 for earthquake-vulnerable areas and landslide-vulnerable areas. Changes in the use of built-up land to the Landslide Vulnerability Index experienced an increase in area in all categories. In contrast, the Earthquake Vulnerability Index only experienced an increase in the medium and high categories
COMPARISON OF MACHINE LEARNING MODELS FOR LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION
No full textLand cover data remain one of crucial information for public use. Â With rapid human-associated land alteration, this information needs to be frequently updated. Remotely-sensed data provide the best option to construct land cover maps with numerous methods available in the literature. While disagreement exists to select the robust one, further exploration should be made to extend the understanding on the behavior of machine learners, in particular, for classification problems. This article discusses performance of pixel-based machine learning algorithms, frequently used in research or implementation. Five popular algorithms were evaluated to distinguish five rural land cover classes, i.e. built-ups, crops, mixed garden, oil palm plantations and rubber estates, from Sentinel-2 data. This research found that the benchmark, classification and regression tree, was unable to differentiate woody vegetation, although the overall accuracy was sufficiently moderate. This suggested that overall accuracy cannot be seen as the only measure for assessing the quality of the thematic output. Meanwhile, support vector machines and random forest competed to yield the highest accuracy and class detection capability, although the latter was in favor with 98% accuracy level. A newly developed model, like extreme gradient boosting, achieved a similar level of accuracy. This research implies that modern machine learning approaches would be invaluable for land cover classification; hence, access to these modeling toolkits is substantial
ASSESSMENT OF THE ACCURACY OF DEM FROM PANCHROMATIC PLEIADES IMAGERY (CASE STUDY: BANDUNG CITY. WEST JAVA)
No full textPleiades satellite imagery is very high resolution. with 0.5 m spatial resolution in the panchromatic band and 2.5 m in the multispectral band. Digital elevation models (DEM) are digital models that represent the shape of the Earth's surface in three-dimensional (3D) form. The purpose of this study was to assess DEM accuracy from panchromatic Pleaides imagery. The process conducted was orthorectification using ground control points (GCPs) and the rational function model with rational polynomial coefficient (RFC) parameters. The DEM extraction process employed photogrammetric methods with different parallax concepts. Accuracy assessment was made using 35 independent check points (ICPs) with an RMSE accuracy of ± 0.802 m. The results of the Pleaides DEM image extraction were more accurate than the National DEM (DEMNAS) and SRTM DEM. Accuracy testing of DEMNAS results showed an RMSE of ± 0.955 m. while SRTM DEM accuracy was ± 17.740 m. Such DEM extraction from stereo Pleiades panchromatic images can be used as an element on base maps with a scale of 1: 5.000
MULTITEMPORAL ANALYSIS FOR TROPHIC STATE MAPPING IN BATUR LAKE AT BALI PROVINCE BASED ON HIGH-RESOLUTION PLANETSCOPE IMAGERY
No full textRemote sensing data for analyzing and evaluating trophic state ecosystem problems seen in Batur Lake isan approach that is suitable for water parameters that cannot be observed terrestrially. As the multitemporal spatial data used in this study were extensive, it was necessary to consider the effectiveness and efficiency of the processing and analysis, therefore R Studio was used as a data processing tool. Theresearch aims to(1) map the trophic state of Batur Lake multitemporally usingPlanetScope Imagery;(2) assess the accuracy of the trophic state model and applyitto anothertemporal data as a SpatialBigData;and (3) understand the trophic state impacton the water quality of Batur Lake based on physical factors andthelake’s chemical concentration (sulfur concentration). Theresearch showsthatthetrophic state of Batur Lake isin good condition,with an ultraoligotrophic state as the majority class,based on the mean Trophic State Index (TSI) value of9.49. The standard errorsof each trophic state parameter were0.010 for total phosphor, 0.609 for chlorophyll-a, and 0.225 for Secchi Disk Transparency (SDT). The multitemporal model demonstratesthat the correlation between the increase oftrophic state and mass fish death cases in Batur Lake is existent
MONITORING MODEL OF LAND COVER CHANGE FOR THE INDICATION OF DEVEGETATION AND REVEGETATION USING SENTINEL-2
No full textIInformation on land cover change is very important for various purposes, including the monitoring of changes for environmental sustainability. The objective of this study is to create a monitoring model of land cover change for the indication of devegetation and revegetation usingdata fromSentinel-2 from 2017 to 2018 of the Brantas watershed.This is one of the priority watersheds in Indonesia, so it is necessary to observe changes in its environment, including land cover change. Such change can be detected using remote sensing data. The method used is a hybrid between Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI) and Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) which aims to detect land changes with a focus on devegetationand revegetation by determining the threshold value for vegetation index (ΔNDVI) and open land index (ΔNBR).The study found that the best thresholds to detect revegetation were ΔNDVI > 0.0309 and ΔNBR < 0.0176 and to detect devegetation ΔNDVI < -0.0206 and ΔNBR > 0.0314.It is concluded that Sentinel-2 data can be used to monitor land changes indicating devegetation and revegetation with established NDVI and NBR threshold conditions
LAPAN-A3 SATELLITE DATA ANALYSIS FOR LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION (CASE STUDY: TOBA LAKE AREA, NORTH SUMATRA)
No full textLAPAN-A3 is the 3rdgeneration satellite for remote sensing developed by National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN). The camera provides imagery with 15 m spatial resolution and able to view a swath 120 km wide. This research analyzes the performance of LAPAN-A3 satellite data to classify land cover in Toba Lake area, North Sumatera. Data processing starts from the selection of region of interest up to the assessment of accuracy. Supervised classification with maximum likelihood approach and confusion matrix method was applied to classify and evaluate the assessment results. The land cover is classified into five classes; water, bare land, agriculture, forest and secondary forest. The result of accuracy test is 93.71%. It proves that LAPAN-A3 data could classify the land cover accurately. The data is expected to complement the need of the satellite data with medium spatial resolution
IDENTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF FOREST TYPES USING DATA LANDSAT 8 IN KARO, DAIRI, AND SAMOSIR DISTRICTS, NORTH SUMATRA
No full textForests have important roles in terms of carbon storage and other values. Various studies have been conducted to identify and distinguish the forest from non-forest classes. Several forest types classes such as secondary forests and plantations should be distinguished related to the restoration and rehabilitation program for dealing with climate change. The study was carried out to distinguish several classes of important forests such as the primary dryland forests, secondary dryland forest, and plantation forests using Landsat 8 to develop identification techniques of specific forests classes. The study areas selected were forest areas in three districts, namely Karo, Dairi, and Samosir of North Sumatera Province. The results showed that using composite RGB 654 of Landsat 8 imagery based on test results OIF for the forest classification, the forests could be distinguished with other land covers. Digital classification can be combined with the visual classification known as a hybrid classification method, especially if there are difficulties in border demarcation between the two types of forest classes or two classes of land covers