Revistas - UTEQ (Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo)
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MODELOS INTEGRAL E DE PONTO CRÍTICO PARA ESTIMAR DANOS NO RENDIMENTO E SEUS COMPONENTES PELA MELA NA CULTURA DO FEIJOEIRO
Get PDFCurrently there are no studies on the damage caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn [teleomorph Thanatephorus cucumeris (Frank) Donk] on the yield components of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), therefore the aim of this study was to quantify the reduction in grain yield and its yield components caused by natural infection of web blight in different bean genetic material, in summer 2011, in Quevedo city, Los Rios, Ecuador. Were used lines Cf4 0-0-2-1, Cf6 0-0-4-9, Cf6 0-0-4-8, SER 03 and SER 08, and two varieties FTS Soberano and BRS Valente. Incidence (%) and percentage of severity and number of lesions leaflet-1 were quantified, and these values used to calculate the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). Also, it was quantified the number of lesions leaflet-1 during reproductive stages R7 and R8. After harvest, it was quantified the number of nodes, pods and seeds per plant, seeds per pod per plant, and yield (kg ha-1). For estimating the damage caused by the disease were used integral and critical point models, performing regression analysis between disease intensity (independent variables), and grain yield and its components (dependent variable) obtaining the equations of damage function. The results of this research showed that integral and critical point models, are an important tool for estimating damage by web blight on yield components being more evident in the number of seeds per plant (p<0.01).Atualmente não existem estudos sobre os danos ocasionados por Rhizoctonia solani Khun [teleomorfo Thanatephorus cucumeris (Frank) Donk] nos componentes de rendimento do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), pelo que o objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar a redução no rendimento de grãos e seus componentes de rendimento causados pela infecção natural de mela, em diferentes materiais genéticos de feijão, na safra agrícola de verão 2011, no município de Quevedo, Los Rios, Equador. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com sete tratamentos e quatro repetições. Utilizou-se as linhas Cf4 0-0-2-1, Cf6 0-0-4-9, Cf6 0-0-4-8, SER 03 e SER 08, e duas variedades estrangeiras FTS Soberano e BRS Valente. Foram quantificadas a incidência (%) e severidade em percentagem e número de lesões folíolo-1, sendo esses valores obtidos integralizados na área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD). Também foi quantificado o número de lesões folíolo-1 durante os estágios reprodutivos R7 e R8. Após a colheita, foi quantificado o número de nós, vagens e grãos por planta e de grãos por vagem por planta, assim como rendimento (kg ha-1). Para estimar os danos causados pela doença foram utilizados os modelos de ponto crítico e integral, realizando a análise de regressão entre a intensidade da doença (variáveis independentes), e o rendimento de grãos e seus componentes (variáveis dependentes), obtendo-se as equações da função de dano. Os resultados da presente pesquisa mostraram que os modelos de ponto crítico e integral são uma ferramenta importante para estimar danos pela mela nos componentes de rendimento, sendo mais evidente no número de grãos por plantas (p<0.01)
SEVERIDAD DE LA QUEMAZÓN (Pyricularia oryzae Cav.) EN GERMOPLASMA DE ARROZ F1 EN LA ZONA CENTRAL DEL LITORAL ECUATORIANO
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The rice (Oryzaesativa L.) is the main food source in Ecuador. It is mainly a part of the staple diet of people from coast region. The disease called blast or burning rice caused by Pyricularia oryzae Cav., is among adverse biotic factors to the culture. It can cause damage from 59.6% to 100%. The objective of this research was to quantify the severity (numbers of lesions per leaf) in 39 materials (lines and varieties) in small and medium size of rice. Both of them were divided into two experiments established in central zone on ecuadorian region. The severity of rice blast was assessed on leaves of the lower, middle and superior strata in plants of rice, once by week, totaling eight times. It was used an experimental design at random complete blocks (RCB) with 3 replications. The values obtained were joined in the Area under progress curve on rice blast (AUPCRB). It was used "T" test at 5% probability of error for comparison between treatments means. There was differential health behavior between genotypes assessed in both experiments. Outstanding materials in the first experiment were the variety INIAP-16 (9.9) and the lines INIAP-14-7 (11.2) while in the second experiment were the variety Caluma (17.4) and the line CC-05-27 (18.8) for having obtained a least AUPCRB.Resumen
En el Ecuador, el cultivo de arroz (Oriza sativa L.) es la principal fuente alimenticia, principalmente formando parte de la dieta básica de los habitantes de la costa ecuatoriana. Entre los factores bióticos adversos al cultivo, está la enfermedad denominada piricularia o quemado del arroz, producida por Pyricularia oryzae Cav., la misma que puede causar daños desde el 59.6% hasta el 100%. El objetivo de esta investigación, fue cuantificar la severidad (número de lesiones por hoja) en 39 materiales (líneas y variedades) de arroz de pequeño y mediano porte, divididos en dos experimentos establecidos en la zona central del litoral ecuatoriano. La severidad de piricularia se evaluó en hojas de los estratos inferior, medio y superior de las plantas de arroz, una vez por semana totalizando ocho ocasiones. Se empleó un diseño experimental de Bloques Completos al Azar (DBCA) con 3 repeticiones. Los valores obtenidos fueron integralizados en el Área abajo la curva de progreso de la quemazón del arroz (AACPQA). Para la comparación entre las medias de los tratamientos se empleó la prueba de T al 5% de probabilidad de error. Existió comportamiento sanitario diferenciado entre los genotipos evaluados en los dos experimentos. Los materiales sobresalientes fueron la variedad INIAP-16 (9.9), y la línea INIAP-14-7 (11.2) en el primer experimento; mientras que en el segundo fueron la variedad Caluma (17.4) y la línea CC-05-27 (18.8), por haber obtenido una menor AACPQA
EFECTO DE DOS LEGUMINOSAS Y BANANO MADURO EN LA PRODUCCIÓN Y REPRODUCCIÓN DE CONEJOS NUEVA ZELANDA
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Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the following objectives: a) Determining the tropical leguminous plant (Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb) Benth and Gliricidia sepium) and the level of ripe bananas (RB) (50, 75, 100, 100, 125, 150 g animal-1 day-1), as for increasing the reproductive parameters (phase one) and productive (phase two), in New Zealand rabbits. b) Determining the relation benefit / cost of treatments. They were used 28 and 42 rabbits respectively .It was applied a factorial arrangement 2 x 3 + 1, at random completely blocks design (RCBD) with four and three replications. It was used the Tukey test (p≤0.05). The greatest consumption was for kudzu (p<0.01) during phases 1 and 2 (79.97 and 43.26 g dry matter (DM) animal-1 day-1),it increased (p<0.01) weight and litter size at weaning (2165.0 g 5.33). The greatest consumption of RB (p<0.01) was registered on level 3, during phases 1 and 2 (38.39 and 31.39 g DM animal-1 day-1). The consumption of leguminous plant and RB did not affect (p>0.05) the weight of females at birth, the gestation period, weight and litter size at birth. RB levels did not influence (p>0.05) ADG average dairy gain weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), final weight (FW), body weight carcass (BWC) and carcass yield (RC). Treatments based on tropical legumes and RB levels exceeded the control (p<0.01). The greatest profitability in phase 1 and 2 was obtained by combining tropical kudzu 100 and 75 125 g and 100 g BM animal-1 day-1 (30.34 and 29.48%).
Resumen
La investigación tuvo los siguientes objetivos: a) Determinar la leguminosa tropical (Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb) Benth y Gliricidia sepium) y el nivel de banano maduro (BM) (50, 75, 100 y 100, 125, 150 g animal-1 día-1), que permita incrementar los parámetros reproductivos (fase uno) y productivos (fase dos), en conejos Nueva Zelanda. b) Determinar la Relación beneficio/costo de los tratamientos. Se utilizó 28 y 42 conejos respectivamente. Se aplicó un arreglo factorial 2 x 3 + 1, en un diseño de bloques completamente al azar (DBCA), con cuatro y tres repeticiones. Se utilizó la prueba de Tukey (p≤0.05). El mayor consumo fue para el kudzu (p<0.01) durante las fases 1 y 2 (79.97 y 43.26 g MS animal-1 día-1), incrementando (p<0.01) el peso y tamaño de la camada al destete (2,165.0 g y 5.33). El mayor consumo de banano maduro (BM) (p<0.01) lo registró el nivel 3, durante las fases 1 y 2 (38.39 y 31.39 g MS animal-1 día-1). El consumo de leguminosas y BM no afectó (p>0.05) el peso de las hembras al parto, el periodo de gestación, peso y tamaño de la camada al nacimiento. Los niveles de BM no influenciaron (p>0.05) sobre la ganancia de peso, índice de conversión alimenticia (ICA), peso final (PF), peso a la canal (PC) y rendimiento a la canal (RC). Los tratamientos en base a leguminosas tropicales y niveles de BM superaron al testigo (p<0.01). La mayor rentabilidad en la fase 1 y 2 se obtuvo al combinar kudzu tropical más 100 y 75 g y 125 y 100 g de BM animal-1 día-1 (30.34 y 29.48%)
PROPAGACIÓN DE Tabebuia Donnell-Smithii Rose (GUAYACÁN BLANCO) UTILIZANDO HORMONAS DE ENRAIZAMIENTO
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Abstract
The wide distribution and natural abundance of Tabebuia donnell-smithii (white guayacán) has been reduced by overcutting of the trees, which has caused the disappearance of valuable genotypes as well as natural population decline, also, there is lack of alternatives in production of large-scale plants. Hence, it is necessary to orientate the research toward to establish a technique for the vegetative propagation of white guayacán using phytoregulators. The methodology was based on the use of rooting hormones, naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and indole butyric acid (IBA) at concentrations of 0, 1,500 and 2,000 mg kg-1 in peat and sand substrates. Apical buds were placed in a moist chamber under greenhouse conditions. We used a completely randomized design (DCA) in a factorial 2 x 3 substrates ANA hormone dose x 3 doses of hormone AIB. With four replications and four observation units. At 45 days were evaluated: survival and rooting percentage, number of roots, greater root length, number of shoots, shoot length and vgor. The results did not show significant differences between treatments for all variables, however for the simple effect and interactions were observed differences for the variables evaluated, being the best peat substrate and optimal concentrations of auxins from 0-1,500 mg kg-1. In conclusion, the results showed that white guayacán is a kind of easy rooting inasmuch as with and without the application of hormones in the peat and sand substrate, it was achieved the obtaining of clones, reducing the time to obtain new plants.Resumen
La amplia distribución y abundancia natural de Tabebuia donnell-smithii (guayacán blanco) se ha visto reducida por la tala excesiva de los árboles, lo que ha ocasionado la desaparición de genotipos valiosos así como disminución de las poblaciones naturales, existiendo además carencia de alternativas de producción de plantas a gran escala. Se hace por tanto necesario orientar la investigación a establecer una técnica para la propagación vegetativa de guayacán blanco utilizando fitorreguladores. La metodología se basó en el uso de las hormonas de enraizamiento ácido naftalenacético (ANA) y ácido indolbutírico (AIB), en concentraciones de 0, 1,500 y 2,000 mg kg-1 en sustratos turba y arena. Las yemas apicales fueron colocadas en una cámara húmeda en condiciones de invernadero. Se aplicó un Diseño Completamente al Azar (DCA) en un arreglo factorial 2 sustratos x 3 dosis de hormona ANA x 3 dosis de hormona AIB, con cuatro repeticiones y cuatro unidades de observación. A los 45 días se evaluó el porcentaje de sobrevivencia y el enraizamiento, el número de raíces, la longitud de la raíz mayor, el número de brotes, la longitud de brotes, y el vigor. Los resultados no mostraron diferencias significativas entre los distintos tratamientos para todas las variables, sin embargo para el efecto simple e interacciones se observó diferencias para las variables evaluadas, siendo el mejor sustrato turba y las concentraciones óptimas de auxinas de 0 a 1,500 mg Kg-1. Se concluye que el guayacán blanco es una especie de fácil enraizamiento, ya que con y sin la aplicación de hormonas enraizadoras en el sustrato turba y arena se logró la obtención de clones, disminuyendo el tiempo de obtención de nuevas plantas
EVALUACIÓN FENOLÓGICA Y DIGESTIBILIDAD in vivo DE LA LEGUMINOSA FORRAJERA (Arachis pintoi) EN DIFERENTES EDADES DE CORTE
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Abstract
The objective in this research was to evaluate the phenology, production and to determine nutritional chemistry composition and in vivo digestibility of A. pintoi and, to establish standards for determining the nutritional value and production based according to the chemistry composition of the plant. The phenological evaluations were carried out at ranch ESPE and in vivo digestibility was executed in Animal Science Faculty from ESPOCH. In the first phase were used experimental plots 10 by 15 m. in four replications. In the second phase the experimental unit was an ovine (n=4). In both tests were used at random experimental designs with a linear additive standard applying a significance level of 5%. It was executed an correlation analysis and linear regression among phonological variables, chemistry composition, digestibility and energy. The whole analysis were carried out with SPSS 10 Statistical package. The greatest productions of green fodder and dry matter (DM) per hectare were obtained at cutting to 75 days with 47,730 and 12,480 kg ha-1, respectively. On the other hand, in chemistry composition of grass protein and in vivo digestibility of dry Matter (DM), the clipped forage to 30 days obtained the greatest values with 24.50 and 66.42%, respectively. The maximum value of net energy for lactation (NEL) was achieved at 30 days cutting reaching 1.51 for decreasing to 1.24 Mcal NEL kg-1 to 75 days.Resumen
El objetivo de ésta investigación fue evaluar la fenología, producción, composición química nutricional y digestibilidad in vivo de A. pintoi y de establecer modelos matemáticos para determinar el valor nutricional y producción en base a la composición química de la planta. Las evaluaciones fenológicas se realizaron en la hacienda ESPE y la digestibilidad in vivo en la Facultad de Ciencias Pecuarias de la ESPOCH. En la primera fase se utilizaron parcelas experimentales de 10x15 m con cuatro repeticiones, mientras que en la segunda fase la unidad experimental fue un ovino (n=4). En ambos ensayos se aplicó un diseño experimental completamente al azar con un modelo lineal aditivo utilizando un nivel de significancia del 5%. Se realizó un análisis de correlación y regresión lineal entre variables fenológicas, composición química, digestibilidad y energía. Todos los análisis fueron realizados con el paquete SPSS 10. Las mayores producciones de forraje verde y materia seca (MS) por hectárea se obtuvieron con cortes a los 75 días con 47,730 y 12,480 kg ha-1, respectivamente. En cuanto a la composición química de la proteína bruta y digestibilidad in vivo de la MS, el forraje cortado a 30 días obtuvo los mayores valores con 24.50 y 66.42%, respectivamente. El máximo valor de energía neta de lactancia (ENL) se logró en el corte de 30 días, alcanzando 1.51 para luego disminuir a 1.24 Mcal ENL kg-1 a los 75 días
A FERRUGEM ASIÁTICA DA SOJA CAUSADA POR Phakopsora pachyrhizi Sydow e Sydow
Get PDFThe united States is the world’s largest producer of soybeans, followed by Brazil. The soybean crop is affected by 47 diseases previously reported, including soybean rust caused by the biotrophic fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi Sydow e Sydow. This disease can reach 100% damage and losses may reach 737,453,718 USD annually. Therefore a literature review of this disease becomes appropiate because it is very important to know about its occurrence worldwide, symptoms, hosts, taxonomy and etiologic of causal agent, effects of climatic factors over the disease, cycle of the pathogen, progress and temporal analysis of disease, reduced leaf area and yield components in soybean and control strategies disease integrated management, the aim of this review is to compile relevant information about soybean rust in the most explanatory and understandable way as possible for the reader.Os Estados Unidos são o principal produtor mundial de soja, seguido pelo Brasil. A cultura da soja é afetada por 47 doenças já relatadas, entre elas a ferrugem asiática causada pelo fungo biotrófico Phakopsora pachyrhizi Sydow e Sydow. Esta doença pode atingir até 100% de dano e causa perdas no Brasil estimadas em 737,453,718 dólares ao ano. Em função de sua importância, faz-se oportuno uma revisão bibliográfica sobre esta doença, que abordará a sua ocorrência a nível mundial, a sintomatologia, os hospedeiros, a taxonomia e a etiologia do agente causal, efeitos dos fatores climáticos sobre a doença, ciclo biológico do patógeno, progresso e análise temporal, redução na área foliar e nos componentes de rendimento da cultura da soja e as estratégias de manejo integrado da enfermidade. Foi objetivo desta revisão recopilar as informações mais relevantes sobre a ferrugem asiática de modo o mais explicativo e entendível possível para o leitor
QUALIDADE SANITÁRIA E FISIOLÓGICA DE SEMENTES DE SOJA EM FUNÇÃO DO TRATAMENTO QUÍMICO DE SEMENTES E FOLIAR NO CAMPO
Get PDFThis study aimed to evaluate the health and physiological quality of soybean seeds due to the chemical treatment of seed and leaf in the field. The experiments were performed in the Laboratories of Plant Pathology and Seeds of the University of Passo Fundo – UPF of College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine – FAMV. The cultivars used in this work were FUNDACEP 53 RR and FUNDACEP 55 RR from the research field of the UPF, harvest was in 2009-2010. The work was composed of 28 treatments for each cultivar, 56 in total. The samples of both cultivars were subjected to different combinations of seed treatment, Cropstar® + Derosal plus®, Cropstar® + Derosal plus® + Atento®, Standak Top® and control (no fungicide aplication), and the doses being used in accordance with the recommendations of the commercial products. The fungicides applications in the aereal part were made with Opera® (Piraclostrobina+Epoxiconazol), Sphere Max® (Trifloxistrobina+Ciproconazol) in doses of 150, 500 mL ha-1 and control (no fungicide aplication). The experiment design was randomized in all the experiments. The germination and seed health were also evaluated. The pathogens of the genero Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp. and Alternaria alternata, were the predominant fungi with the highest rates for Penicillium spp. and Aspergillus spp. On the other hand, the physiological seed quality was preserved, with no significant effect of phytotoxicity observed.O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade sanitária e fisiológica de sementes de soja em função do tratamento químico de sementes e foliar no campo. Os experimentos foram realizados nos Laboratórios de Fitopatologia e de Sementes da Universidade de Passo Fundo – UPF da Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária – FAMV. As cultivares utilizadas para o trabalho foram FUNDACEP 53 RR e FUNDACEP 55 RR, provenientes do campo experimental da UPF, safra 2009-2010. O trabalho foi composto de 28 tratamentos para cada cultivar, totalizando 56. As amostras das duas cultivares foram submetidos a diferentes combinações de tratamento de sementes, Cropstar®+Derosal plus®, Cropstar®+ Derosal plus®+Atento®, Standak Top® e testemunha (sem aplicação de fungicidas), sendo as doses utilizadas de acordo com as recomendações dos produtos comerciais. As aplicações de fungicidas na parte aérea foram com Opera® (Piraclostrobina+Epoxiconazol), Sphere Max® (Trifloxistrobina+Ciproconazol) nas doses de 150, 500 mL ha-1 e testemunha (sem aplicação de fungicidas). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em todos os experimentos. Foram realizadas avaliações de germinação e sanidade das sementes. Os patógenos que predominaram foram fungos dos gêneros Aspergillus spp. , Penicillium spp. e Alternaria alternata, com os maiores índices para Penicillium spp. e Aspergillus spp. Por outro lado, a qualidade fisiológica das sementes foi preservada, não se observando efeito de fitotoxicidade
INOCULACIÓN DE Brachiaria decumbens CON HONGOS FORMADORES DE MICORRIZA ARBUSCULAR NATIVOS DEL TRÓPICO HÚMEDO ECUATORIANO
Get PDFA study was conducted under semi-controlled greenhouse conditions to determine the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) native of traditional agroforestry system with Theobroma cacao L. (cocoa) national type (SAF-C) in the ecuadorian humid Tropics, on Brachiaria decumbens grass. The experiment was carried between june and december of 2009, constituted by five treatments, involving the inoculation of AMF originating from AFS-C, distributed in a completely random design (CRD) as follows: T1: Glomus spp., T2 : Scutellospora spp., T3: Glomus spp. + Scutellospora spp., T4: Acaulospora spp. + Gigaspora spp., T5: Control (sterile distilled H2O), in seedlings of B. decumbens planted in plastic pots of 1,000 cm3, containing as substrate a mixture of nutrient-poor soil + rice husk, steriles, in a 3:1 ratio. The inoculum was constituted by 30 spores of AMF per treatment. The variables analyzed were: a) number of spores of AMF by 100 g of moist soil (gms-1), b) percentage of visual mycorrhizal colonization and root hairs category, c) plant height, d) wet and dry weight of leaf and root systems, e) total root length (RL) and f) root density (RLv) at 78 and 103 days after inoculation. Plants inoculated with Glomus spp. or in combination with Scutellospora spp. showed better responses in the variables measured. The results demonstrated the efficiency and potential of HMA from SAF-C, on plants of B. decumbens.vSe realizó un estudio bajo condiciones semicontroladas de invernadero, para determinar el efecto de hongos formadores de micorriza arbuscular (HMA) nativos de sistema agroforestales tradicionales con Theobroma cacao L. (cacao) tipo nacional (SAF-C) en el Trópico húmedo ecuatoriano, sobre pasto Brachiaria decumbens. El experimento se realizó entre los meses junio y diciembre del año 2009, estuvo constituido por cinco tratamientos, que consistían en la inoculación de HMA originarios de SAF-C, distribuidos en un diseño completo al azar (DCA): T1: Glomus spp., T2: Scutellospora spp., T3: Glomus spp.+ Scutellospora spp., T4: Acaulospora spp. + Gigaspora spp., T5: Control (H2O destilada estéril), en plántulas de B. decumbens sembradas en macetas plásticas de 1,000 cm3, conteniendo como sustrato una mezcla de suelo pobre en nutrientes + tamo de arroz, estériles, en proporción 3:1. El inóculo estuvo constituido de 30 esporas de HMA por tratamiento. Se analizaron las variables: a) número de esporas de HMA por 100 g de suelo húmedo (gsh-1), b) porcentaje de colonización micorrícica visual y categoría de pelos radicales, c) altura de plantas, d) peso húmedo y seco del sistema foliar y radical, e) largo total de raíz (RL), y f) densidad radical (RLv), a 78 y 103 días después de las inoculaciones. Las plantas inoculadas con Glomus spp., o en combinación con Scutellospora spp. mostraron mejores respuestas en las variables evaluadas. Los resultados demostraron la eficiencia y potencial de los HMA procedentes de SAF-C, sobre plantas de B. decumbens
DISPONIBILIDAD DE NITRÓGENO EN CULTIVOS HERBÁCEOS EXTENSIVOS ECOLÓGICOS Y CONVENCIONALES: RELACIÓN CON LA CANTIDAD DE CARBONO
Get PDFThe availability of nitrogen in extensive herbaceous crops in the form of NO3-, NH4+ and PMN (potentially mineralizable nitrogen) in the area of Huesca (Spain) was determined. In conventional farming systems a greater contribution of nitrogen (N) is made than in the ecologic farming, but in these, on the other hand, the contribution of organic matter is much higher than conventional ones. The logical consequence would be to expect a higher content of N in soils from conventional farming, and increased organic matter content from soils with organic farming. However, the results of percentage of carbon (C) (representative of organic matter) obtained in this study did not corroborate the theory, because the main difference was found in the rainfed and irrigation management, regardless of whether it was conventional systems or ecological. The increased availability of nitrogen was found in soils with organic irrigation management.Se determinó la disponibilidad de nitrógeno en cultivos herbáceos extensivos, en formas de NO3-, NH4+ y NPM (nitrógeno potencialmente mineralizable), en la zona de Huesca (España). En los sistemas agrícolas convencionales se realiza un mayor aporte de nitrógeno (N) que en los ecológicos; en estos, por otro lado, el aporte de materia orgánica es mucho mayor que en los convencionales. La consecuencia lógica sería de esperar un mayor contenido de N en los suelos de cultivos convencionales, y un mayor contenido de materia orgánica en los suelos de cultivos ecológicos. Sin embargo, los resultados de porcentaje de carbono (C) (representativo en materia orgánica) obtenido en este estudio no corroboraron la teoría, porque la principal diferencia se encontró en la gestión de regadío y secano, independientemente de si se trataba de sistemas convencionales o ecológicos. La mayor disponibilidad de nitrógeno se encontró en los suelos de gestión de regadíos ecológicos
ATIVIDADE INSETICIDA DE Cunila angustifolia SOBRE ADULTOS DE Acanthoscelides obtectus EM LABORATÓRIO
Get PDFThe use of extracts and essential oils of plants has been used as an important alternative to control insect pests of stored grains. The aim of this study was to evaluate the insecticide effect of extracts and the essential oil of C. angustifolia on adults of A. obtectus, under laboratory conditions. The experiment was conducted at random design with four replications, being tested crude and aqueous extracts, hexanic fraction and essential oil of C. angustifolia, at the doses of 0.001, 0.002, 0.004 and 0.008 mL cm-2. Each replicate received 10 adults of A. obtectus. Mortality of these insects was recorded the 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours after application. All doses of the essential oil of C. angustifolia achieved 100% of efficiency in the mortality of A. obtectus after 24 hours. The other treatments showed low control efficiency when they were compared to the effect of essential oil. This research demonstrates the insecticide activity of the essential oil of C. angustifolia proving to be promising in the control of this primary pest.A utilização de extratos e óleos essenciais de plantas tem-se constituído em uma importante alternativa para controle de insetos-praga de grãos armazenados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito inseticida de extratos e do óleo essencial de C. angustifolia sobre adultos de A. obtectus em condições de laboratório. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições, onde foram testados os extratos bruto e aquoso, fração hexânica e óleo essencial de C. angustifolia nas doses 0.001, 0.002, 0.004 e 0.008 mL cm-2. Cada repetição foi constituída de 10 adultos de A. obtectus. A mortalidade dos insetos foi registrada as 24, 48, 72, 96 e 120 horas após a aplicação. Todas as doses do óleo essencial de C. angustifolia apresentaram eficiência de 100% na mortalidade de A. obtectus após 24 horas. Os demais tratamentos apresentaram baixa eficiência, quando comparado ao efeito do óleo essencial. Este estudo evidencia a ação inseticida do óleo essencial de C. angustifolia demonstrando ser promissor no controle desta praga