Repositorio Digital Ikiam (Univ. Regional Amazónica)
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Edible Mushrooms of Peri-Urban Kichwa Communities in the Andes-Amazon Piedmont, Ecuador
Full text linkEcuador is a multicultural and megadiverse country where nearly 50 species of wild edible macrofungi (WEM), used by 12 indigenous peoples, have been reported. The Kichwa use 29 species of mushrooms, but aspects of their ecology are unknown. The aim of this study was to study the richness, use, substrates and fruiting seasons of WEM consumed by two peri-urban Kichwa communities settled in the piedmont between the Andes and the Amazon. Between May 2019 to April 2020, we conducted 56 interviews with adults and 12 walks in the chagras and forests. People recognized 26 fungal names related to 12 species of mushrooms, 11 basidiomycetes and one ascomycete. Three species were the most culturally important: Favolus tenuiculus, Bresodolia paradoxa and Lentinus concavus, defined by their abundance, economic importance and taste. Six mushroom species were newly reported for the Kichwa group and four species added to the list of species in the country. All the fungi were lignicolous; they were found on the trunks of 16 species of plants in the chagras. The plant-trees: P. discolor, Inga edulis and C. alliodora were the most common substrates. These species are abundant in the chagras and frequently used for their wood. Ecological and traditional knowledge related to WEM is important to enhance management practices in situ and ex situ
Filogenia mitogenómica de la especie en peligro de extinción Atelopus exiguus (Anura: Bufonidae), basado en tecnología de secuenciación por nanoporos.
Full text linkLos nuevos avances en la tecnología de secuenciación y el análisis de nucleótidos nos
han permitido generar datos genómicos que aportan a la exploración en la
reconstrucción de la filogenia de los Anuros. En este estudio se ha secuenciado y
caracterizado el genoma mitocondrial completo de Atelopus exiguus, que pertenece a
la familia Bufonidae. Proporcionamos la descripción de un mitogenoma completo de A.
exiguus y examinamos su posición filogenética respecto a otras especies relacionadas.
Su mitogenoma es una molécula circular cerrada de 18.475 pb de longitud que incluye
13 genes codificadores de proteínas (CDS), 22 genes codificadores de ARNt, 2 genes
codificadores de ARNr y una región de control (CR) que se conservan en la mayoría de
los mitogenomas de Bufonidae. Nuestros datos proporcionan un recurso útil para los
estudios filogenéticos del género Atelopus. El análisis filogenético comparativo de los
genomas mitocondriales de A. exiguus con los mitogenomas disponibles de otros
anfibios confirmó la estrecha relación de la familia Bufonidae respecto a otras familias
de Anuros y mostró que el clado de los Atelopus es un grupo hermano de Anaxyrus. A
pesar de varias diferencias morfológicas y de historia de vida distintas entre las familias
de Anuros, las estimaciones de distancias genéticas de ADNmt corroboran la posición
filogenética del género Atelopus dentro de la familia Bufonidae. El mitogenoma completo
de A. exiguus puede proporcionar datos importantes para los estudios sobre relaciones
filogenéticas y genética de poblaciones para explorar más a fondo el estado taxonómico
de esta especie, y, en consecuencia, su conservación
Key connectivity areas in the Llanganates-Sangay Ecological Corridor in Ecuador: A participative multicriteria analysis based on a landscape species
Full text linkHabitat loss and fragmentation are critical threats to biodiversity decline as they decrease the species occurrence
and dispersal probability between natural habitats. Thus, promoting habitat connectivity supports species
dispersal and accessibility to vital resources within the landscape, and contributes to long term population
persistence. However, decision-making in human dominated landscapes challenges the sustainability of
conservation-based land management initiatives. The Llanganates – Sangay Ecological Corridor is located on the
eastern slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes, harbouring high levels of endemism and biodiversity in a humandominated landscape between two National Parks. We applied circuit analysis to model the habitat connectivity for the Mountain Tapir. We defined the limits of the corridor based on a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis and a
spatial suitability approach combined with a sub-basin prioritization method. We found that forest and native
grasslands contribute the most to the Mountain Tapir’s dispersal movements, while roads constrain them the
most. Furthermore, natural vegetation remnants between pastures and crops support habitat connectivity as
stepping-stones. We identified threats to biodiversity and distance to conservation areas as the most crucial
features of spatial suitability. Our study combined scientific information to identify key areas for providing
habitat connectivity of a landscape species and the spatial suitability necessary for sustaining wildlife conservation, while supporting the participation of local stakeholders, conservationists, academia, and NGOs
Leaf and shoot apical meristem transcriptomes of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) in response to photoperiod and plant development
Full text linkUnderstanding the regulation of flowering time is crucial for adaptation of crops to new environment. In this study, we examined the timing of floral transition and analysed transcriptomes in leaf and shoot apical meristems of photoperiod-sensitive and -insensitive quinoa accessions. Histological analysis showed that floral transition in quinoa initiates 2–3 weeks after sowing. We found four groups of differentially expressed genes in quinoa genome that responded to plant development and floral transition: (i) 222 genes responsive to photoperiod in leaves, (ii) 1812 genes differentially expressed between accessions under long-day conditions in leaves, (iii) 57 genes responding to developmental changes under short-day conditions in leaves and (iv) 911 genes responding to floral transition within the shoot apical meristem. Interestingly, among numerous candidate genes, two putative FT orthologs together with other genes (e.g. SOC1, COL, AP1) were previously reported as key regulators of flowering time in other species. Additionally, we used coexpression networks to associate novel transcripts to a putative biological process based on the annotated genes within the same coexpression cluster. The candidate genes in this study would benefit quinoa breeding by identifying and integrating their beneficial haplotypes in crossing programs to develop adapted cultivars to diverse environmental conditions
First sight at entomotoxicology using Peckia intermutans (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) in Ecuador and its potential as a marker for methanol determination in biological samples
Full text link. Forensic entomotoxicology, which analyzes necrophagous insects to detect toxic substances, is
crucial in determining causes of death and estimating the post-mortem interval. This study focused on Peckia
intermutans (Walker) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) as a marker for detecting methanol, a potentially lethal alcohol
often added as an adulterant in alcoholic beverages due to its low cost and similarity to ethanol. A gas
chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS) method was developed to detect methanol, and its effects on
the development time, survival, and morphology of flesh flies were investigated. Larvae were reared on liver
substrates enriched with methanol (300, 500, and 1000 mg/kg). Results showed: the developed method
detected methanol in all instars; methanol affected the developmental time of the flies; survival increased with
higher methanol concentration; and morphological changes were evident in weight. This study provides valuable
information on entomotoxicological research in Ecuador, emphasizing the need to consider morphological
changes in P. intermutans to avoid inaccurate estimations of post-mortem interval
potencial para la prevención, el traatamiento y la cura de enfermedades
Full text linkEl Convenio sobre la Diversidad Biológica (CDB) reconoce la importancia fundamental de preservar no
solo la biodiversidad, sino también los conocimientos tradicionales que la sustentan. Ecuador, como
uno de los países más megadiversos del planeta, juega un papel crucial en esta misión. Con más de
17.000 especies vasculares, el país alberga una flora que representa aproximadamente el 10% de la
biodiversidad vegetal mundial. Esta riqueza natural ha sido custodiada, por generaciones, por pueblos
y nacionalidades indígenas que, a través de su conocimiento ancestral, han desarrollado sistemas de
uso sostenible y efectivo de los recursos naturales.
El conocimiento tradicional relacionado con el uso medicinal de las plantas no es solo un recurso cultural valioso, sino una herramienta esencial para la supervivencia de la humanidad en un mundo donde las enfermedades infecciosas y crónicas representan un desafío creciente. La preservación de este conocimiento es un imperativo que debe ser reconocido y promovido, no sólo en beneficio de las comunidades locales, sino como un patrimonio global que puede contribuir significativamente al bienestar de la humanidad.
En este sentido, el registro de plantas, asociadas a conocimientos tradicionales en Ecuador, es una iniciativa de vital importancia. Este esfuerzo no solo documenta y valida el saber ancestral, sino que también protege los derechos de las comunidades indígenas sobre su patrimonio biocultural, en consonancia con
los principios del CDB. En un mundo donde la biodiversidad y los conocimientos tradicionales están
en riesgo debido a la modernización, la pérdida de biodiversidad y la homogeneización cultural, este tipo
de registros adquiere una relevancia estratégica. Con base en lo mencionado anteriormente, la Casa de Ingaru y la Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam han tomado la iniciativa de preservar y difundir el conocimiento medicinal ancestral de las comunidades Kichwas de Alto Napo, específicamente de la comunidad Kichwa de Atacapi, a través de este insumo bibliográfico. Este esfuerzo es un ejemplo de cómo la colaboración entre actores locales e instituciones académicas puede contribuir a la implementación efectiva del CDB, fortaleciendo las capacidades nacionales para el uso sostenible de la biodiversidad y la protección de los conocimientos tradicionales. Además, es un testimonio del valor incalculable del conocimiento radicional de las comunidades Kichwas y de su contribución potencial a la ciencia y la medicina moderna. Finalmente, el contenido de este documento es un llamado a la acción para que se fortalezcan las redes de colaboración internacional y las alianzas público-privadas, promoviendo un enfoque integral para la protección de la biodiversidad y los conocimientos tradicionales
Diseño arquitectónico sostenible del Edificio Administrativo Municipal del Tena
No full textEl trabajo de titulación: DISEÑO ARQUITECTÓNICO SOSTENIBLE DEL EDIFICIO ADMINISTRATIVO MUNICIPAL DE TENA, tiene como objetivo el desarrollo de la propuesta arquitectónica a nivel de anteproyecto del edificio administrativo del GAD Municipal de Tena, mediante estrategias de sostenibilidad y que se adapten al contexto amazónico, además de cumplir con los espacios óptimos para el desempeño de las actividades laborales. En el presente estudio de investigación aplicada, la metodología se inicia mediante la revisión de literatura especializada acerca de la historia y evolución del edificio administrativo, seguida del análisis de referentes arquitectónicos relacionados con la tipología de la edificación a proyectar. Esto posibilita la identificación de lineamientos y estrategias de diseño para edificios administrativos, y finalmente, el análisis del sitio correspondiente al área de influencia a intervenir. Los resultados del presente trabajo es el diseño de un edificio en altura que incluye áreas de oficinas, salas de reuniones y espacios de atención al público. El Proyecto presenta principal énfasis en la funcionalidad del edificio y las estrategias de sostenibilidad que permitan mejorar la calidad de desempeño laboral y sea un referente en el desarrollo urbanístico de la
ciudad.Tutor: Pablo Andrés Maita Zambran
Microscopic and metabolomics analysis of the anti-Listeria activity of natural and engineered cruzioseptins
Full text linkListeria monocytogenes is a human opportunistic foodborne pathogen that produces life-threatening infections with a high mortality rate. The control of Listeria in the food production environment and effective clinical management of human listeriosis are challenging due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Hence we evaluate the in vitro anti-Listeria activity of two synthetic cruzioseptins reproducing their natural sequences CZS-9, and CZS-12, and one engineered sequence based on CZS-1, named [K4K15]CZS-1. The assessment of the in vitro potential of cruzioseptins, highlighted the promising antibacterial effect of [K4K15]CZS-1 in very low concentrations (0.91 μM) and its thermal stability at high-temperature conditions, is compatible with the food industry. Microscopic and metabolomic analyses suggest cruzioseptin induces anti-Listeria bioactivity through membrane disruption and changes in the intracellular metabolome. We also report that [K4K15]CZS-1 is not resistant to peptidases/proteases emphasizing a key advantage for their use as a food preservative. However, there is a need for further structural and functional optimisations for the potential clinical application as an antibiotic. In conclusion, [K4K15]CZS-1 stand out as membrane-active peptides with the ability to induce shifts in the bacteria metabolome and inspire the development of strategies for the prevention of L. monocytogenes emergence and dissemination
Fermented beverages among indigenous Latin American societies
Full text linkPurpose: Traditional fermented beverages are a valuable cultural, economic,
and social heritage of Latin American societies that deserve to be preserved and
strengthened with sustainable development and respect for diversity. Therefore,
this article will demonstrate, through scientific literature, the importance for
indigenous societies and the nutritional contributions of the most traditional
beverages of North and South America.
Methods: This systematic review followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting
Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) verification protocol. The
study focused on exploring the nutritional information of South and Central
American fermented beverages. The search was conducted in the Biomed,
PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases to
identify publications published within the past 15 years.
Results: However, the presence of toxic compounds such as biogenic amines
and phenols that affect the quality of the product and human health has been
detected. In addition, it was found that macro-and micronutrients, vitamins,
and microorganisms differ according to the type of raw material used. It was
concluded that corn is the most widely used raw material to produce fermented
beverages in Latin America. At the same time, Mexico has conducted more
research on this product, and most analyses are being carried out on the use of
corn in the production of fermented beverages. In addition, several studies have
shown that using validated and standardized methodologies to detect biogenic
weapons is crucial to ensure accurate identification, effective response, and
compliance with legal and security requirements in this critical area
Sustainable Architecture Applied To The Design Of The Housing Core
Full text linkThis article presents the results of research focused on the design of core housing as a
product, process, and continuous transformation system, achieved through a unified
space, as a recurring solution since the origins of humankind and an alternative for small
spaces. The proposal for affordable housing in Cuenca for low-income populations is
based on an approach that involves not only the housing solution but also the relationship
with people's ways of living, bioclimatic criteria, and the study of a sustainable
construction system. Qualitative research methodologies and transdisciplinary
workshops were used to create spaces for discussion and verification with the
participation of various stakeholders. Therefore, the research work integrated people's
ways of living, the use of local materials, and indoor comfort conditions. After tabulating
the gathered data, the design of the core housing was carried out, enabling the design to
accommodate the ways people live, rather than the other way around. Ultimately,
enabling appropriation according to specific needs of diverse family compositions, in
addition to a sustainable construction system as an ecological and economical solution