Repositorio Digital Ikiam (Univ. Regional Amazónica)
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Modelación espacial de la complejidad de la corresidencia en Bogotá
Get PDFLas formas de corresidencia remiten a la manera en que se organiza la demanda residencial para acceder a la oferta. En el sistema familiar latinoamericano su complejidad constituye una estrategia de supervivencia, que tiene una estrecha relación con el nivel de vida. En el artículo se modelizan espacialmente para el caso de Bogotá las interacciones entre las formas de corresidencia y las características de las viviendas, y se mapean
a nivel local los resultados de esta interacción. A partir del análisis factorial de datos se construye un índice de complejidad de la corresidencia a escala de sector censal, el cual se utiliza como variable dependiente en una regresión ponderada geográficamente que considera como factores explicativos variables contextuales, sociales y demográficas. Se obtuvo una nueva forma de clasificación de la ciudad en la que se identifican localmente la intensidad y dirección en que inciden los factores mencionados sobre las formas de
corresidencia al interior de la vivienda, y sus respectivas implicaciones de política pública. Las variables sociales son las más determinantes entre las áreas más ricas, mientras que, entre las más pobres, lo es la edad de los jefes del hogar. El peso relativo de la casa como tipo de vivienda a escala local es un elemento determinante de la complejidad en la corresidencia, común a todas las áreas del territorio urbano. El progresivo reemplazo tipológico de la casa por el apartamento en la ciudad, cuestiona la subsistencia de dicho
sistema de apoyo familiar en contextos de transformación residencial
Visualization Network Analysis of Studies on Agricultural Drainage Water Treatment
Get PDFExcessive chemical substances in agricultural drainage water have serious adverse effects on the ecological environment of the watershed into which they are discharged. Therefore, it has attracted widespread attention from scholars worldwide. In this paper, 282 scientific articles related to agricultural drainage water treatment are selected from the Web of Science Core Collection database, and CiteSpace was used to visualize and analyze the knowledge map of this field. The most productive authors, institutions, and countries in agricultural drainage water research are graphically presented in this paper. Developing countries are becoming the core force in this realm of inquiry. In addition, this paper explains the changes in research topics in this field over time and reveals current research hotspots, including “desalination”, “denitrification”, and “phosphorus removal”. Future research endeavors in using bioreactors and agricultural drainage water ditches for treating agricultural drainage water are implied to become a research focus in this field. This paper also emphasizes that future environmental protection research should increase case studies in developing countries and develop corresponding solutions based on the actual situation of agriculture in rural areas of developing countries
Actividad antioxidante y potencial inhibitorio de la a-Amilasa de Morete (Mauritia Flexuosa L.F.) y Ungurahua (Oenocarpus Bataua Mart)
Get PDFEste estudio evaluó la actividad antioxidante, el potencial inhibitorio sobre la α-amilasa y la composición química de la cáscara, la pulpa y la semilla de frutos nativos de la región amazónica, tales como: el morete (Mauritia flexuosa L. f) y el ungurahua (Oenocarpus bataua Mart). Para evaluar la inhibición enzimática, se utilizó la α-amilasa de páncreas porcino y los resultados se reportaron en valores de IC50 (µg/mL). La
actividad antioxidante se midió a través de ensayos de eliminación del radical libre 2,2- difenil-1-picrilhidrazilo (DPPH), poder de reducción antioxidante del ion férrico (FRAP) y el método de decoloración ABTS (sal de diamonio 2,2′-azino-bis(3-etilbenztiazolina-6- ácido sulfónico), estos resultados se reportaron como capacidad la antioxidante equivalente al trolox (TEAC) e IC50. El contenido total de flavonoides y de compuestos
fenólicos, se cuantificó por espectrofotometría. Los resultados mostraron que los extractos de la cáscara de morete, semilla y pulpa de ungurahua tuvieron el mayor contenido total de compuestos fenólicos (2381.0 ± 24.2, 2250.8 ± 6.2 y 967.4 ± 0.6 mg EAG/100 g DW, respectivamente); estos resultados fueron consistentes en los ensayos antioxidantes e inhibición enzimática. Mientras que los extractos de la cáscara de
morete, cáscara y semilla de ungurahua tuvieron el mayor contenido total de flavonoides (16.1 ± 0.4, 6.9 ± 0.2 y 5.35 ± 0.04 mg EQ/100 g DW, respectivamente). Además, se identificaron metabolitos secundarios a través de Cromatografía Líquida de Ultra Eficiencia acoplada a Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem (UPLC-MS/MS), revelándose la presencia de quercetina, rutina, (-)-epicatequina. (+)-catequina y ácido neoclorogénico.Tutora: Salazar Mogollón, Noroska Gabriela ; Cotutor: Cisneros, Pablo André
ALTERNATIVAS DE USO SOSTENIBLE EN ZONAS DE MANGLAR UTILIZANDO METODOLOGÍAS CON ENFOQUE SISTÉMICO Y PARTICIPATIVO
Get PDFEl objetivo de este trabajo es el de
identificar las alternativas de uso sostenible
en zonas de manglar mediante metodologías
de zonificación que utilicen: el enfoque
sistémico del territorio y sus relaciones con
el medio socio cultural (Mapeo Biocultural
Participativo). La Geo-ecología de los
paisajes (GEP) y la Zonificación Ecológica
Económica (ZEE) son las metodologías
analizadas, el caso de estudio es la población
de Bunche, ubicada en el Refugio de vida
silvestre manglares Estuario del Río Muisne.
Los métodos utilizados para este análisis son
la revisión bibliográfica de las metodologías
que consideren el enfoque sistémico; y
relacionar estas metodologías con la realidad
del territorio escogido. La GEP resultó ser la
metodología con un enfoque más integral,
holístico, transdisciplinar y sistémico. En
base a lo anterior, se identificaron 10 paisajes
en la zona de estudio, y dos usos sostenibles
importantes: la agroecología y el ecoturismo
Cost and performance analysis of efficiency, efficacy, and effectiveness of viral RNA isolation with commercial kits and Heat Shock as an alternative method to detect SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR
Get PDF: In late 2019 a new virus reported in Wuhan, China, identified as SARS-CoV-2, rapidly challenging the healthcare
system worldwide. The need for rapid, timely and accurate detection was critical to the prevention of community outbreaks
of the virus. However, the high global demand for reagents during the years 2020 and 2021 generated a bottleneck in kits
used for detection, significantly affecting developing countries and lagging their ability to diagnose and control the virus in
the population. The difficulty in importing reagents, high costs and limited public access to the SARS-CoV-2 detection test
led to the search for alternative methods. In this framework, different commercial nucleic acid extraction methodologies
were evaluated and compared against heat shock as an alternative method for SARS-CoV-2 detection by RT-PCR to
determine the diagnostic yield and its possible low cost compared to other methodologies. Nasopharyngeal samples
were used where the diagnostic efficiency of the alternative method was 70 to 73%. The evaluation of the discriminatory
efficacy of the technique took the sensitivity and specificity to establish its cut-off point, being 0.73 to 0.817, which allows
discrimination between COVID-19 positives and negatives; as for the diagnostic effectiveness expressed as, the proportion
of subjects correctly classified is between 80 and 84%. On the other hand, in terms of the costs necessary to carry out the
detection, the alternative method is more economical and accessible compared to the commercial methods available in this
comparison and evaluation, being possible its implementation in developing countries with high infection rates, allowing
access to the diagnostic test with a reliable and low-cost metho
From roads to biobanks: Roadkill animals as a valuable source of genetic data
Get PDFTo protect biodiversity we must understand its structure and composition including the bacteria and
microparasites associated with wildlife, which may pose risks to human health. However, acquiring this knowledge often presents challenges, particularly in areas of high biodiversity where there are many undescribed and poorly studied species and funding resources can be limited. A solution to fill this knowledge gap is sampling roadkill (animals that die on roads as a result of collisions with circulating vehicles). These specimens can help characterize local wildlife and their associated parasites with fewer ethical and logistical
challenges compared to traditional specimen collection. Here we test this approach by analyzing 817 tissue samples obtained from 590 roadkill vertebrate specimens (Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves and Mammalia) collected in roads within the Tropical Andes of Ecuador. First, we tested if the quantity and quality of recovered DNA varied across roadkill specimens collected at different times since death, exploring if decomposition affected the potential to identify vertebrate species and associated microorganisms. Second, we compared DNA
stability across taxa and tissues to identify potential limitations and offer recommendations for future work. Finally, we illustrate how these samples can aid in taxonomic identification and parasite detection. Our study shows that sampling roadkill can help study biodiversity. DNA was recovered and amplified (allowing species identification and parasite detection) from roadkill even 120 hours after death, although risk of degradation increased overtime. DNA was extracted from all vertebrate classes but in smaller quantities and with lower quality from amphibians. We recommend sampling liver if possible as it produced the highest amounts of DNA (muscle produced the lowest). Additional testing of this approach in areas with different environmental and traffic conditions is needed, but our results show that sampling roadkill specimens can help detect and potentially monitor biodiversity and could be a valuable approach to create biobanks and preserve genetic data
Body appreciation around the world: Measurement invariance of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age
Get PDFThe Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) is a widely used measure of a core facet of the positive body image
construct. However, extant research concerning measurement invariance of the BAS-2 across a large number of
nations remains limited. Here, we utilised the Body Image in Nature (BINS) dataset – with data collected between
2020 and 2022 – to assess measurement invariance of the BAS-2 across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender
identities, and age groups. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis indicated that full scalar invariance was
upheld across all nations, languages, gender identities, and age groups, suggesting that the unidimensional BAS-2
model has widespread applicability. There were large differences across nations and languages in latent body
appreciation, while differences across gender identities and age groups were negligible-to-small. Additionally,
greater body appreciation was significantly associated with higher life satisfaction, being single (versus being
married or in a committed relationship), and greater rurality (versus urbanicity). Across a subset of nations
where nation-level data were available, greater body appreciation was also significantly associated with greater
cultural distance from the United States and greater relative income inequality. These findings suggest that the
BAS-2 likely captures a near-universal conceptualisation of the body appreciation construct, which should
facilitate further cross-cultural research
Management of trees and palms in swidden fallows by the Kichwa people in the Ecuadorian Amazon
Get PDFIntroduction: The chakra is a cropping system used by the indigenous Kichwa people of the
Ecuadorian Amazon that is advocated as a sustainable form of agriculture that ensures food
production without impeding ecosystem functioning. Trees and palms are central to the benefits
obtained from chakras, however, little is known about the management of these trees and palms.
In this research we aimed to understand how the Kichwa people manage these species in chakras
and what drives them to do so.
Material and methods: We conducted participatory observation research in three Kichwa com munities during which we researched 18 chakras belonging to different households. In each
chakra we identified the tree and palm species, counted their number, and measured their
diameter at 1.3 m aboveground. Additionally, each household was interviewed on the use and
management of these species.
Results and discussion: A total of 740 individual trees and palms were inventoried. Nearly all
species in chakras were being actively managed, with the reduction of competition and the
protection of seedlings being the most applied practices. This appears to be driven mainly by
utilitarian values, as most species were used, most commonly for food and construction. Previous
studies indicated that agroecological and mythical values also incite the management of trees and
palms, which was not the case in this study. This difference is probably because of cultural erosion
or cultural gender roles that affected data acquisition.
Conclusions: Three important implications arise from this research: 1) future research should
acknowledge and adequately address the large variation that exists among chakras, especially
regarding their differences in number and size of trees and palms; 2) trees and palms in chakras
should not be assumed to be managed inherently sustainably; 3) the understanding that economic
and utilitarian considerations induce active management of palms and trees in chakras can lead to
effective conservation policies
Análisis de supervivencia de orugas de Heliconius erato (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) alimentadas con dieta McMorran para su crianza en insectarios
Get PDFLa presente investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar la eficacia de la dieta McMorran como
alimento sintético para la cría de Heliconius erato (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) en su estadío
larvario. El propósito era encontrar una alternativa a la alimentación tradicional, que consiste
en partes de Passiflora punctata, ya que hasta la fechano se ha documentado el uso de dietas
artificiales que satisfagan las necesidades nutricionales de estas mariposas. Para llevar a cabo
el estudio, se diseñaron tres dietas artificiales diferentes. La primera consistió en una
preparación de agar junto con partes trituradas de P. punctataen diferentes concentraciones.
La segunda dieta fue la dieta McMorran. La tercera dieta combinó la dieta McMorran con
partes trituradas de P. punctata en diferentes concentraciones. Se comparó el desarrollo de
las larvas alimentadas con estas dietas artificiales con las larvas alimentadas de manera
tradicional, utilizando zarcillos y hojas de P. punctata (Dt1). Posteriormente, se realizó un
análisis de supervivencia de los diferentes grupos de orugas alimentadas con cada dieta
utilizando el método Kaplan-Meier, junto con una regresión Cox utilizando el software
RStudio©. Los resultados reflejaron que ningunade las dietas artificiales es adecuada para la
crianza de orugas de H. erato. Los resultados mostraron que ninguna de las dietas artificiales
fue adecuada para la crianza de estas mariposas. Estos hallazgos resaltan la importancia de
seguir investigando y buscando alternativas nutricionales para la cría de H. erato, debido a su
alto valor como indicadores ecológicos y a su importancia económica
The role of biochar in the psychrophilic anaerobic digestion: Effects on kinetics, acids metabolism, and microbial population
Get PDFThis study investigated the effect of biochar in the psychrophilic anaerobic co-digestion regarding biomethane
production potential (BMP), metabolic efficiencies, and microbial population. BMP tests of cheese whey and
cattle manure as substrates were conducted at different gasified pine wood biochar concentrations (Bc) (10 g/L,
30 g/L, 50 g/L); and particle sizes (Ps) (~0.15 mm, ~0.575 mm, ~1 mm). The most favourable conditions of Ps
= 0.575 mm and Bc of 30 g/L, allowed BMP values to go from 0.23 m3 CH4/kg VSadd to 0.34 m3 CH4/kg VSadd.
The study of metabolic stages showed how the biochar modulates hydrolysis and methanogenesis and favours the
acetoclastic metabolism to improve methane yield even at 15 ◦C. The biochar's positive effect is reinforced by its
addition boosting the growth of methanogen psychrotrophs populations up to 520 % compared with a BMP with
no biochar added at 15 ◦C. The study showed that psychrophilic AD + biochar might overcome mesophilia's
energy needs by improving yields with no extra energetic requirements