University Knowledge Digital Repository UPLB (University of the Philippines Los Baños)
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Susceptibility of Pre-adult Biological Stages of Mythimna separata (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Three Entomopathogenic Fungi (Hypocreales)
Get PDFArmyworms are polyphagous insect pests of agricultural crops. Their population is usually managed below threshold level using insecticides. However, a single control measure is insufficient to attain a sustainable pest management. Hence, this research was conducted to assess the three species of entomopathogenic fungi as potential biological control agents against Mythimna separata (Walker) or paddy armyworm. Dose mortality assays were conducted to determine the pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill., Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschn.) Sorokin, and Metarhizium rileyi (Farlow) Kepler, S.A. Rehner and Humber against various biological stages of M. separata including egg, 1st to 6th larval instars, prepupa, and pupa. These entomopathogenic fungi did not have ovicidal activity but affected the survivorship of the resulting neonates. Exposure of eggs to B. bassiana, M. anisopliae, and M. rileyi infected 64, 60, and 70 % of the resulting neonates, respectively. Adult emergence was also reduced in fungal-treated (29% in B. bassiana, 10% in M. anisopliae, and 10% in M. rileyi) as compared with 64% in control. At 7 d after treatment, M. rileyi applied at 1 x 105 to 1 x 109 conidia/mL was the most pathogenic causing a mean larval mortality of up to 70% as compared to B. bassiana and M. anisopliae with less than 10% mortality. Among the larval instars, the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd were the most susceptible to fungal infection. Conidial concentrations (1 x 108 and 1 x 109 conidia/mL) induced the highest larval mortalities as compared to the lower conidial concentrations (1 x 105 and 1 x 107 conidia/mL) of the entomopathogenic fungi. The prepupal and pupal stages were also slightly susceptible to the entomopathogenic fungi. These findings showed the pathogenic effect of the entomopathogenic fungi particularly M. rileyi to M. separata
Reconciling policy instruments with drivers of deforestation and forest degradation: cross-scale analysis of stakeholder perceptions in tropical countries
No full textCross-scale studies combining information on policy instruments and on drivers of deforestation and forest degradation are key to design and implement effective forest protection measures. We investigated the scale and country dependency of stakeholder perceptions about future threats to tropical forests (e.g. agriculture, logging, woodfuel) and preferred policy instruments (e.g. reforestation, protected areas, combat illegal logging), by interviewing 224 representatives of forest-related institutions. We conducted analysis of variance and principal component analysis for eighteen variables across three countries (Zambia, Ecuador and the Philippines) and four spatial levels (from international to local). We found that the overall alertness about commercial drivers and the confidence in policy instruments are significantly lower at subnational levels and also in Zambia. Stakeholder expectations about the most important drivers and the most effective policies in the coming decade follow regional narratives, suggesting that there are no one-size-fits-all solutions in international forest policy. However, we found an unexpected consensus across scales, indicating potential for collaboration between institutions operating at different geographical levels. Overall, agriculture remains the driver with the highest expected influence (43%), while a strong favoritism for reforestation and forest restoration (38%) suggests a paradigm shift from protected areas to a stronger focus on integrative approaches
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COMMON STRESSORS AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED CHRISTIAN SCHOOL INTERNATIONAL STEM STUDENTS DURING THEIR ONLINE LEARNING
No full textDuring the online learning set-up, students have experienced diverse stressors and coping mechanisms that influence their academic performance. The main focus of this study is to assess the relationship between stressors to the academic performance of the students. As stress-coping mechanism achieves balance, their correlation to academic performance is also evaluated. A quantitative case study research design was used to identify, collect and analyze data from 81 selected CSI Senior High School STEM students that were willing to participate in the study. The findings of the study show that the students’ commonly identified stressors are under the categories of organizational, social, relational, and emotional stressors, while their stress coping mechanisms are mainly adaptive coping mechanisms. In addition, the relationship between both common stressors and common stress-coping mechanisms have very weak correlation to the students\u27 average academic performance, meaning the variables have little to no relationship to the average (range of 95-99 general weighted average) academic performance of the respondents. Lastly, this study highlights the common identified stressors and stress-coping mechanisms and their relationship to the students’ academic performance to contribute in improving online learning curriculum and environment. Hence, to also create relevant interventions, actions, and programs to reduce the negative effects of stressors and stress-coping mechanisms towards maintaining academic success
The effects of spacing and topping and their interrelationship on okra seed production.
No full textTopping reduced the seed yield of okra. Okra plants that were untopped gave a mean yield of 71 kilogram per 6-meter row plot while the topped plants gave a mean yield of .50 kilogram. Sabour Selection produced more pods than Clesson Spineless. The size of the seeds was found to be directly related to spacing, closer spacing resulting in smaller seeds
Growth, Yield, and Photosynthetic Dry Matter Remobilization Response of Barley to Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and Nitrogen
Get PDFA two-year factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replicates was carried out on barley cultivar LB-IRAN at the research farm of the Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran, during the cropping years of 2019–2021, in order to survey the impact of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and nitrogen fertilizer on growth, yield, and remobilization of photosynthetic dry matter in barley. The first factor included five nitrogen levels: 0 (control), 25, 50, 75, 100 kg/ha net nitrogen; the second factor contained grain inoculations with four bacteria: no inoculation (control), Azotobacter chroococcum race 5, Azospirillum lipoferum race of, and a combination of the two mentioned bacteria. Fertilization was performed at the planting, tillering, and grain filling stages. Results revealed that the number of plant/m2, tiller per plant, 1000 grain weight, grain per spike, grain yield per unit area, biological yield, rate of dry matter remobilization from stem to the grain, contribution of dry matter remobilization from stem to the grain, rate of remobilization from whole of the plant to the grain, contribution of remobilization from whole of the plant to the grain, single grain weight, and harvest index significantly increased. Nitrogen rate increment resulted in the higher rates of the above-mentioned traits as 100 kg/ha nitrogen significantly showed the highest amounts while control showed the least. Combined treatment of the bacteria resulted in a higher rates as compared to the single bacteria, and the control showed the lowest amounts. It was also observed that application of 100 kg/ha nitrogen on Azotobacter chroococcum race 5 and Azospirillum lipoferum race of resulted in the lowest rate of dry matter remobilization from the stem and whole plant to the grain as well as the contribution of dry matter remobilization from the stem and whole plant to the grain, while control treatments of nitrogen and of PGPRs caused the highest rates. Difference between the highest and lowest rates of grain yield was observed by applying nitrogen (24%) and PGPRs (40%)
Analysis of the Potential of Rice and Corn in Supporting Food Availability
Get PDFA region’s agricultural sector plays a strategic role in fulfilling its food needs with ideal nutrition. The potential of cereal commodities, specifically rice and corn, was identified based on the production level and competitiveness by district in Buleleng Regency, Indonesia. The regency’s potential to provide and support food security was also determined through a quantitative descriptive analysis of the Location Quotient (LQ), Shift Share Analysis (SSA), Localization Coefficients, and Levels of Food Availability by utilizing secondary data on cereal commodity production and population numbers over the course of 10 yr (2012–2021). Results showed that Sawan, Seririt, and Sukasada districts were able to meet rice consumption needs through the availability of the crop as well as its production, the same potential for corn was exhibited in Gerokgak district. Also, in 2021, the shortage of cereal commodities due to low domestic production has been addressed through supplies from other regions such as Tabanan and Gianyar Regencies, or areas outside the province of Bali. Therefore, this study recommended that paddy fields be optimally utilized by increasing the planting index and choosing superior varieties to increase productivity. All stakeholders should continually support the efforts of paddy production in Buleleng Regency
Influence of indole butyric acid treatments on the rooting of leafless cutting on ten unnamed gummamela varieties
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Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices on the Pinggang Pinoy and its Association with the Dietary Intake of Early-Aged Adults (20-30 years old) in Plantacion Meridienne, Lipa City, Philippines
No full textThe Pinggang Pinoy is one of the Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDGs) that is disseminated in the Philippines as a guide on the proper food group proportions. However, diet-related diseases still prevail among adults despite its implementation. With this, the study determined the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) on the Pinggang Pinoy of 20-30 years old in Plantacion Meridienne, Lipa City, Philippines and its association with their dietary intake. A total of 71 respondents completed an online self-administered survey questionnaire on sociodemographic profile, KAP on Pinggang Pinoy, and a one-day food record. Data analyses were done through descriptive statistics and Spearman’s rank correlation test. Results revealed that the majority of the respondents (60.56%) had poor knowledge of the Pinggang Pinoy. Meanwhile, the respondents generally agreed with the attitude statements regarding the Pinggang Pinoy shown by an overall weighted mean of 3.71 + 0.52. The overall weighted mean practice score was 3.71 + 0.47 which indicates that the respondents often utilize the Pinggang Pinoy. On the other hand, the diet of the respondents is characterized to consist of meat and fish (100%), starchy staples (98.59%), and other fruits and vegetables (84.51%). It was also found that most of the respondents (69.01%) had a medium level of dietary diversity based on the FAO dietary diversity guidelines (2010). There is a significant but weak positive association (p \u3c 0.05) between the knowledge on the Pinggang Pinoy and dietary intake. Hence, there is a need to fill in knowledge gaps on the Pinggang Pinoy using appropriate nutrition education programs
Finite element analysis of a coconut (Cocos nucifera l.) climbing mechanism
No full textA coconut climber mechanism was subjected to Finite Element Analysis (FEA) to improve its overall design and analyze its strength characteristics. The von Mises stress, total deformation, and factor of safety were evaluated using static structural analysis for the seat and pedal assemblies of the mechanism. The design has a minimum yielding factor of safety of 7.03 for the seat assembly and 12.09 for the pedal assembly. If aluminum is used as an alternative to steel, the prototype\u27s weight can be reduced to at least 64.56% without compromising its strength properties. The weight reduction by using aluminum is expected to reduce the effort required to use the improved designs. This study also demonstrated a robust methodology of exploring design alternatives without fabricating actual prototypes, leading to a more cost-effective design process. It is recommended that other topologies and materials be further explored to improve the design of the coconut climber mechanism