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Of justice, community, and change: the Bodong as a judicial institution for indigenous communities in Ilocos Sur and Abra, 1983-2018
Get PDFThe bodong, an indigenous institution of the Kalinga, has been adopted and modified through the efforts of Itneg elders in the provinces of Ilocos Sur and Abra. Today it is known as the Bodong Indigenous Allied Group, Inc. (BIAG) and serves as an Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) institution that ensures the protection of indigenous peoples as well as willing members of the group. It was redesigned to complement existing judicial bodies of the state. The process of modifying the bodong however entailed a combination of internal efforts by the community and state-led developments particularly in terms of policy such as the enactment of the Indigenous People’s Rights Act (IPRA) of 1997. This study explored the critical junctures in the group’s (BIAG) history from its conception in 1983 as the Bodong Saranay Association (BSA), to its eventual registration to SEC as the BIAG in 1998. This study also examined how the group ensures the protection of the rights of its members and the group’s mechanisms in providing aid to members in need using sample cases from 2012-2018. Field interviews and participant observations were the core methods used in gathering data for the study. The results showed that despite the modifications implemented in this indigenous institution, the BIAG in its methods of dispute resolution and community support, still manifested the Itneg cultural practices of sapit (roughly translated as justice) and sintatako (roughly translated as community relations). This study therefore puts to fore the importance of indigenous traditions and institutions in facilitating justice and fostering good community relations, the inevitability of cultural change, and the role of the state in promoting the continuous practice of these indigenous institutions and traditions
Effect of vitamin c and probiotics on broilers performance and claudin-2 (CLDN-2) expression under heat stress
No full textThis study was conducted to investigate the effect of vitamin C and probiotic which consists of five species of beneficial bacteria and two species of fungi on performance, blood parameters, and intestinal CLDN-2 gene expression of broilers during heat stress (HS). A total of 400 broilers were randomly divided into five groups, each of which received a different treatment. The first group was considered a negative control and did not experience any HS (C-); the second group was considered a positive control (C+) and was exposed to HS; the third group received only vitamin C (250 mg/L in drinking water); the fourth group received only the recommended dose of probiotics; and the fifth group received a combination of both vitamin C and probiotics (250 mg/L in drinking water and recommended dose, respectively). The broiler’s performance, blood parameters, and intestinal CLDN-2 gene expression were assessed. The results showed that the administration of probiotics and vitamin C increased the broiler\u27s feed intake and decreased the feed conversion ratio (p \u3c 0.05). Heat stress increased the broiler\u27s blood total protein, glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, and liver enzyme concentration (p \u3c 0.05). While the supplementation of vitamin C and probiotics decreased these parameters during HS (p \u3c 0.05). Vitamin C administration reduced the intestinal CLDN-2 gene expression in broilers, during HS (p \u3c 0.05). Heat stress negatively affected the broiler\u27s performance and increased the mortality rate and intestinal CLDN-2 gene expression, whereas, the supplementation of vitamin C decreased the deleterious effect of HS in broilers
Exogenous application of growth regulators improves the growth and quality of Dahlia variabilis L.
No full textDahlia (Dahlia variabilis L.), a bulb crop sold as cut flower, garden ornamental/potted plant, becomes a popular cut flower in the world. This experiment was designed to study the effects of foliar applied gibberellic acid, zinc, ascorbic acid, and thiamine on the growth and flower attributes of dahlia. The study was conducted under greenhouse conditions at the Floriculture Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. There were thirteen treatment with three levels each; gibberellic acid, zinc sulphate, ascorbic acid, and thiamine. First, foliar application was done at vegetative stage (after 45 d of transplantation) and second, at the flowering stage. Application of gibberellic acid at 100 ppm significantly improved plant height (92.67 cm). Application of zinc at 0.50% produced the maximum number of flowers (28.47), diameter of flower (100.19 mm), and fresh weight of flower (11.16 g). Foliar application of thiamine increased nutrient accumulation in leaves of dahlia. The nitrogen contents (4.43 %) increased to maximum in response to treatment comprising ascorbic acid, whereas phosphorus content (1.41 mg g-1) and potassium contents (19.45 mg g-1) were at maximum in response to thiamine. The highest chlorophyll a (4.37 mg g-1) and b (2.04 mg g-1) contents were recorded in treatment comprising thiamine at 150 ppm. The highest carbohydrate contents (35.14%) were recorded in zinc application response. Application of thiamine significantly reduced the days of flowering and flower diameter. Overall, it can be recommended that application of thiamine at 150 ppm is more responsive to improve the growth and quality of dahlia flower as compared to gibberellic acid, zinc, and ascorbic acid
Unemployment as a Measure of Economic Hardship in the Philippines
No full textThis study examined the economic hardship experienced by the unemployed and compared it with the economic hardship experienced by the other members of the working age population. First, it compared the poverty status of the unemployed with the poverty status of the employed and out of the labor force. Second, it presented the socio-economic profile of the unemployed in the Philippines to help explain the fact that being unemployed does not mean more likely to be poor than being employed. Lastly, it discussed the economic hardship experienced by the employed.
All in all, data from the 2018 merged Labor Force Survey-Family Income and Expenditure Survey revealed that the unemployment rate could be a misleading indicator of relative welfare and economic hardship among workers at a particular period of time and that, from a poverty status perspective, underemployment, especially visible underemployment, is more of a problem than unemployment. Therefore, the focus of employment policy should be generation of “good jobs” rather than unemployment reduction
Analyzing Prosumerism as a Coping Mechanism to Ensure Food Security during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Sta. Rosa, Laguna, 2022
No full textThe study aimed to analyze prosomerism as a coping mechanism to ensure food security during the COVID-19 pandemic in Balibago, Sta. Rosa, Laguna. Specifically, it: characterized the prosumers and consumers in the study area and the challenges they faced during COVID-19 pandemic; determined the proportion of fruits, vegetables and meat that were grown and bought by the prosumers and the consumers; analyzed the relationship between prosumerism; and provided policy recommendations based on the findings. Descriptive analysis, t-test of means, Fisher\u27s Exact Test of independence, and binary logistic regression analysis were performed. Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) was used to classify the respondents into the different levels of food insecurity. The study was conducted in Sta. Rosa, Laguna and 96 respondents were interviewed using pre-tested questionnaires. The sampled respondents were classified into prosumer or consumer and were chosen randomly.
Results revealed that prosumer were mostly male (60%) while consumers were mostly female; prosumers tend to be older both groups have an average household size between 4 to 6, and income between Php 8,333 to Php 20,333; majority own the house and lot where they reside and are local residents of Sta. Rosa, Laguna. There were prosumer-respondents who experienced financial difficulties during the pandemic and had someone in their household lose a job; more prosumer-respondents who had trouble purchasing food during the COVID-19 pandemic; and almost all of them (98%) received assistance during the; only 8 (17%) of them thought that the assistance given during the pandemic was enough. Generally, there was a worsening of the food insecurity levels of both the prosumers and the consumers during the pandemic, but the consumers have been hit harder because they were reliant on the markets for their food supplies. Before the pandemic, more consumers were food secure but during the pandemic, the prosumerism are knowledge, space availability, and employment status. Prosumers have higher knowledge score than consumers. Space availability promotes adoption of prosumerism while employment discourages it due to lack of time. Also, lack of technical knowledge, lack of capital, limited land, lack of possible market (for excess production), affordability of all food needs, and not fond of eating vegetables and fruits were among the hindrances for the adoption of prosumerism.
The following were recommended: incentive prosumerism; actively promote and facilitate prosumerism through issuance of local ordinances; encourgae the work from home arrangement when the nature of wprk allows it; setting up of community prosumers talipapa; and formation of prosumers\u27 association or group
Assessment of the different organic farming practices of farmers in hilly/upland areas in the Philippines
No full textBiosurfactants and thermostable enzymes from indigenous isolates for enhanced degradation of fat and oil waste
No full textBiosurfactant and other biopolymers from yeasts
No full textFor biosurfactant production to be viable, inexpensive raw materials should be used. In this study, substrate, optimization of biosurfactant production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae Optimum conditions were determined as pH 5.69, 10.60% (w/v) molasses and 7.27% (v/v) coco paring meal extract using Box-Behnken design. At these conditions, responses of biomass concentration and emulsification index obtained were 6.43 g/L and 82.81, respectively. Biomass (5.55 g/L) and emulsification index (86.40) was maximum after 3 and 4 days of fermentation respectively. On the other hand, maximum yield for both biomass (6.25 g/L) and emulsification activity (93.33) using a 5-L bioreactor was observed after 4 days of fermentation. The biosurfactant was characterized for its total sugar, protein content and surface tension education
Grow-out Culture of Oyster Magallana bilineata (Röding, 1798) Using Pouches: A Comparison of Growth and Survival in the River and Earthen Pond
Get PDFOysters are among the most in-demand aquaculture commodities in the Philippines and worldwide. With the decreasing culture area and the deteriorating water quality of oyster beds, there is a need to explore new culture sites and techniques to address the problems of dwindling stocks and the increasing demand for better quality oysters. This study compared the growth and survival of the oysters Magallana bilineata, the new accepted name of Crassostrea iredalei, cultured in an earthen pond and the river using pouches suspended from rafts. Mean growth rates of oysters in length and weight were significantly higher in those reared in the river (0.56 ± 0.02 cm mo-1; 10.27 ± 0.42 g mo-1) than those in the pond (0.41 ± 0.03 cm mo-1; 5.99 ± 0.22 g mo-1), but the meat yield of oysters reared in the river (25.96 ± 0.92%) was almost the same as in the pond (24.05 ± 1.41%). Likewise, the proximate composition was the same for oysters coming from the river and the pond, respectively, 58.04 ± 0.14% and 53.86 ± 0.38% crude protein, 7.00 ± 0.08% and 7.93 ± 0.38% crude fat, 24.68 ± 0.07% and 28.54 ± 0.74% nitrogen-free extract, and 10.27 ± 0.01% and 9.68 ± 0.01% ash. Oyster survival at harvest was significantly higher in the river (70.21 ± 2.84%) than in the pond (13.10 ± 1.57%). However, with some interventions, ponds may still be utilized for oyster culture despite the low survival results in this study. Extending oyster culture in these aquaculture facilities may serve as a basis for interventions to make the pond more habitable for oysters and may help boost production in the country