University Knowledge Digital Repository UPLB (University of the Philippines Los Baños)
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Students as fashion consumers: a study on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of senior UPLB BSHE and BSIE students on circular fashion
No full textCircular fashion (CF) is of utmost importance in dancing sustainability and ethical practices by emphasizing the longevity of clothing and reducing waste. The active involvement of students, encompassing their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP), holds great significance in driving progress and successful adoption CF strategies. In this study, the research aimed to analyze and determine the levels of KAP of BSHE and BSIE senior standing UPLB students. It identified varying patterns and trends on the process of pre-acquisition, utilization, and disposal of garments within the 6R principles (Rethink, Remanufacture, Repair, Rent, Reuse, and Recycle) of circular fashion. Results showed that both BSHE and BSIE generally have high knowledge on CF, mainly in the aspect of Remanufacture. Both cohorts also display favorable attitudes, most especially under Repair (and maintenance). In terms of practice, students do not typically exercise CF behavior, more evidently in the act of Recycling garments. BSHE was also observed to have higher KAP aggregated scores as compared to BSIE. To evaluate the relationship of all KAP domains, a correlation analysis was conducted and the results showed that there were positive weak correlations. However, there were moderate relationships under the same level of specificity of the 6R value chain mainly on Remanufacture Knowledge vs Attitude and Reuse Knowledge vs Attitude. Moreover, there were also positive moderate correlations between Sex assigned at birth vs Attitude and Practice as well as Classification of Residence vs Knowledge. Given all of this, it is essential to strengthen not just the cognitive and affective aspects of learning, but as well as those that target the practical areas of circular fashion
Demand for Global Commercial Aviation: A Qualitative Study
No full textThis study determined the various factors that influence demand for global commercial aviation. To do so, various literature on the regular factors that influence demand and the effects of negative demand shocks were gathered, organized, and synthesized. In addition, methodological analysis was conducted to determine the strengths and weaknesses of each statistical method. The study found that there was a drastic decrease in flight demand shortly after recessions, airline accidents, and public health emergencies. Factors such as high incomes and consumer confidence, low inflation and unemployment, and looser government regulations led to higher demand for air travel. Finally, the study found that ordinary least squares (OLS) regression based on the gravity model is a reliable method to analyze aggregate air travel demand. Heckman and logit regressions are alternatives for analyzing individual air travel demand. The researcher recommends further research into local or foreign airlines and specific routes to find trends, and research into the COVID-19 pandemic influencing flying demand
Joint decision-making, technology adoption and food security: Evidence from rice varieties in eastern India
No full textThis study investigates the effect of married couples’ joint decision-making on rice variety selection on rice productivity—a measure of food security. The study uses the 2016 Rice Monitoring Survey and the endogenous switching regression (ESR) method. Results show that rice farms with joint decision-makers (husband and wife) would have higher yields, particularly in households that adopted MRVGen1 (before 1986) rice varieties. Thus, families with joint-decision making have higher food security. Intervention programs for food insecurity should acknowledge and incorporate information regarding the persons responsible for making rice varietal decisions and the characteristics of modern rice varieties to ensure food security
Analysis of the Profitability and Productivity of the Use of Rice Combine Harvester in Calapan City, Oriental Mindoro, 2022
No full textRice combine harvesters are widely used in Mindoro. Farmers have been introduced to the convenience of mechanization and have preferred using farm machinery in their farm operations. They stated that man-labor for farm operations has diminished throughout the years, thus, making machinery adoption the only option for farms in the city. Rice combine harvesters are the most used machine in the city, and farmers use them by availing of custom hiring services. Despite this, there have been limited studies regarding the use of combine rice harvesters by farmers in Oriental Mindoro. According to the Provincial Report Officer from the Department of Agriculture in Oriental Mindoro, they have yet to conduct a census regarding the level of adoption of agricultural mechanization in the province. In line with this, this study will investigate the performance of the use of rice combine harvester in terms of profitability and productivity among rice farmers. It aimed to analyze the profitability and productivity of the use of rice combine harvesters in rice production in Calapan City, Oriental Mindoro. Specifically, it intended to: determine the profitability of the use of rice combine harvesters; assess the level of productivity of rice farming; determine the problems encountered by farmers who adopt rice combine harvesters; and determine the policy implications of the results of the study. Primary data was collected from 58 randomly selected rice farmer-respondents. The profitability of rice farmers was analyzed through cost and returns analysis and partial budget analysis while the stochastic frontier production function analysis was employed to analyze the productivity.
Results from the stochastic frontier production function analysis revealed that the mean technical efficiency level of adopters of rice combine harvesters was 89 percent. Years of education, farm size, and the use of communal irrigation systems were found to be significant at ten percent level. They were observed to be inversely related to technical efficiency. On the other hand, credit availment was found to be significant at a ten percent level and was observed to have a direct relation with technical efficiency.
The study recommended that cost-efficient training initiatives from the government are needed to improve rice production productivity. Farmers are also encouraged to avail of credit as it is also found to be a significant determinant of technical efficiency. Lastly, there is also a need to intensify the provision of rice combine harvesters in Calapan City due to its high demand. Furthermore, amendments to the requirements for the provision of subsidy of the machinery are recommended to address the problem faced by farmer organizations in the city
Willingness To Pay for the Installation of Utility-Scale Solar Array in Lal-Lo and Gattaran, Cagayan, 2022
No full textThis study entitled Willingness to Pay for the Installation of Utility-scale Solar Array in Lal-Lo and Gattaran, Cagayan, 2022 was conducted with the general objective of estimating the willingness to pay of household residents in Lal-lo and Gattaran, Cagayan for the installation of utility-scale solar array. Specifically, the study wanted to: (1) describe the utility-scale solar array project in Lal-lo, Cagayan; (2) estimate the electricity demand and supply in Lal-lo and Gattaran, Cagayan; (3) determine the preference of the residents of Lal-lo and Gattaran towards electricity source; (4) determine the factors affecting the willingness to pay of the residents of Lal-lo and Gattaran for the installation of utility-scale solar array; and (5) recommend possible courses of action that would promote the use of solar energy as an alternative energy source.
A total of 100 respondents were surveyed from the municipalities of Gattaran and Lal-lo, Cagayan wherein 55 were from the former and 45 were from the latter. The Turnball Lower-Bound Mean WTP was used to estimate the willingness to pay of the respondents. Moreover, logistic regression analysis was used to determine whether the WTP response has a significant relationship with bid price, age, monthly electricity bill, monthly income, number of family members, and education as well as descriptive analysis to describe these predictors.
The results of the study showed that the mean WTP was estimated to be Php 7.42 per Kwh. The logistic regression model found that bid price, monthly bill, and monthly income were statistically significant at the one percent level. Specifically, higher bid prices and monthly bills decrease the likelihood of WTP, while higher monthly incomes slightly increase it. Conversely, the variables age, education, and family members were not statistically at the five percent level, implying they don\u27t substantially influence the respondents\u27 WTP.
The issues identified in Lal-lo and Gattaran involve a lack of awareness and/or understanding of solar energy, frequent brownouts and an unreliable electricity supply, and persistent shortfall in the contracted supply of electricity which cannot meet the growing demand. The study recommends to implement community outreach initiatives, workshops, and information campaigns to address the lack of awareness, explore alternative energy sources specifically solar energy and investing in the maintenance and upgrade of existing infrastructure for the unreliable electricity supply, and increasing the contracted electricity supply
Comparative Analysis of Saving Behavior of Organic Fruits and Vegtable Farming Households in Los Baños, Laguna Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic, 2019-2022
No full textThe study was conducted to analyze the savings behavior of organic fruit and vegetable farmer households in Los Baños, Laguna before and during the pandemic. Specifically, it aimed to: determine the ability to save of organic fruits and vegetable farmers before and during the pandemic; determine the willingness to save of organic fruits and vegetable farmers before and during the pandemic; determine the opportunities to save they have before and during the pandemic; compare the factors that affects their ability and willingness to save before and during the pandemic; determine what are the problems they encountered during the pandemic; and provide recommendations/ possible solutions to address issues related to the savings behavior or organic farming households.
Both primary and secondary data were used in the study. A list containing 45 names of organic farmers was obtained and due to the small sample size, complete enumeration was appropriate, however, only 31 organic farmers were interviewed through a pre-tested questionnaire. Descriptive analysis such as frequencies, percentages, and averages were used to present the socio-economic characteristics, reasons for saving and forms of savings of organic farmers. Costs and returns analysis, average propensity to save, paired t-test and multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the ability to save of the organic farmers. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the willingness to save of the organic farmers.
Results of costs and returns analysis and average propensity to save shows that the ability to save of organic farmers decreased during the pandemic. Paired t-test results shows that there is a significant difference between the ability to save before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Multiple regression results showed that the change in income was the only significant factor affecting the ability to save. A one-unit change in the change in income before and during the pandemic, the change in savings before and during the pandemic is expected to increase by Php0.23. Results of the binary logistic regression on willingness to save showed that the household size and farm size were significant. The household size positively affected the willingness to save while the farm size had negative effects. Problems of the organic farmers during the pandemic include low income, problems in marketing and transportation, loss of source of income difficulty to budget and stop saving for a year.
Based on the results and problems encountered, it was recommended to strengthen local networks and partnerships, establish support networks, raise awareness and consumer education, enhance transportation infrastructure, develop local markets and partnership, promote financial literacy, and advocate for policy support. For future studies, it was also recommended to add other factors not considered in the study that may explain the savings behavior of the organic farmers before and during the pandemic and to analyze the shifts in demand, changes in consumer preferences and effectiveness of marketing strategies of the organic farmers
Consumers\u27 Willingness to Pay for the Traceability Information on Pork in Wet Markets in Malolos, Bulacan, 2023
No full textThe Philippines has dealt with food safety issues on the sale and consumption of pork meat; and the City of Malolos is not exempt from it as it is part of a swine- and hog- producing province. Pork\u27s safety is imperative in avoiding injuries related to foodborne diseases. Traceability helps in making the supply chain of hogs more transparent as it makes the stakeholders aware of what the product went through using traceability information.
The study was conducted to determine the consumers\u27 willingness to pay for traceability information on pork in markets in the City of Malolos, Bulacan. Specifically, this study described the situation of food safety and traceability information systems in the Philippines and in Malolos; determined the awareness of the consumers about traceability information on pork; estimated the acceptable price of pork traceability information; analyzed the factors that influence the consumers\u27 willingness to pay for traceability information; and provided policy implications based on the results of the study.
The country\u27s traceability system is not well-implemented and unorganized. In the study area, there is lenient implementation of food safety laws and practices. A total of 97 randomly selected respondents were interviewed. It was found out that most of them are not aware of the concept of traceability information. Instead, what they value and prefer is the certification of meat products. Contingent valuation method using the double bounded dichotomous choice questionnaire format was used to elicit the consumers\u27 willingness to pay. With a bid vector of Php 420.00 - Php 400.00 - Php 380.00, the acceptable price for traceability information is Php 50.00 with 49 respondents willing to pay such a price. In determining the factors affecting the willingness to pay, multinomial logistic regression was used. It was found out that for the willingness to pay at Php 400.00 (Php 50.00), household income, frequency of pork meat purchase, and health consciousness were found to significantly affect consumers\u27 willingness to pay. In addition, household income, frequency of pork meat purchase, health problem, and awareness on traceability information were variables that affect the willingness to pay at Php 420.00 (Php 70.00).
The recommendations of this study include the improvement of the pork traceability system that is bounded by the upper and lower limits of the consumers\u27 willingness to pay, stricter compliance and inspection of meat vendors and slaughterhouses, and consumer education to increase their awareness on traceability information, particularly with a medium that is the main source of consumers\u27 information. For future research, the study recommends the used of non-hypothetical valuation methods for the methodology or additional sample size when using hypothetical valuation methods and researching on the relation of the cost of eating safe and cost of healthcare in the Philippines
Analysis of Consumers\u27 Acceptance of and Willingness To Pay for Rabbit Meat in Balanga City, Bataan, 2023
No full textThis study aimed to analyze the consumers\u27 acceptance of and willingness to pay for rabbit meat in Balanga City, Bataan. Specifically, it aimed to characterize the potential consumers of rabbit meat; assess their awareness, knowledge, and attitudes toward rabbit meat; ascertain the attributes of rabbit meat that consumers find acceptable; identify the factors affecting the acceptance of rabbit meat among consumers; determine the most acceptable price for rabbit meat; and recommend strategies that will help create demand for rabbit meat.
The study revealed that the majority of the respondents were aware that rabbit meat can be eaten. However, despite being aware, the level of knowledge about rabbit meat\u27s availability, nutritional value, and price was low. In terms of their attitude towards unconventional meat and rabbit meat, the majority of the respondents were open to consuming unconventional meat, believed that hving more meat options increase food security, and believed that rabbit meat is safe for human consumption, but remained to see rabbits only as pets. Based on the results of Chi-square test of independence, the willingness to try rabbit meat is significantly related to level of knowledge about rabbit meat, openness to consumption of unconventional meat, belief of rabbit meat\u27s safety, perception on rabbit as pet, and the experience of eating rabbit meat.
Out of 73 respondents, 41 respondents participated in the sensory testing of rabbit meat. All the attributes of fresh and air-fried rabbit meat were acceptable to respondents. For fresh rabbit meat, the most acceptable attribute was the odor and the least acceptable attribute was the taste and the least acceptable attribute was juiciness. The most important attribute of rabbit meat to respondents was its nutritional value which is a credence attribute. Ninety-five percent of the 41 respondents who tried rabbit meat expressed their willingness to consume rabbit meat, while the remaining 5 percent were unwilling to consume it. the majority of the respondents have also estimated that 90 to 100 percent of their household would also consume rabbit meat. The results of the logistic regression have revealed that only the belief that rabbit meat is only for pet and the belief of rabbit meat\u27s safety for human consumption were the statistically significant factors affecting the acceptance of rabbit meat. In terms of their willingness to pay, the most acceptable price of rabbit meat among willing-to-consume respondents was the same price of chicken, ranging from Php 175 to Php 200 per kg.
To help create demand for rabbit meat among willing-to-consume consumers, the following recommendations were formulated: start with rurban area as target market, position rabbit meat as a more sustainable and healthier meat option, advance the establishment of an accredited rabbit slaughterhouse, and make rabbit meat choice-cuts available. On the other hand, for unwilling-to-consume respondents, the recommendation were: utilization of social media and television shows, conduct an event in the city showcasing the rabbit meat industry, and increase availability and accessibility of rabbit meat products
Assessment of the Effects of the Digital Farmers Program (DFP) on the Marketing Practices and Perception on Profitability of the Farmer-Beneficiaries, Central Luzon, 2023
No full textThis study analyzed the effects of the Digital Farmers Program (DFP) on the marketing practices and perception on the profitability of the farmer-beneficiaries in Central Luzon. Primary data were obtained from the 52 farmer-beneficiaries via personal and phone interviews utilizing a pre-tested survey questionnaire designed to capture the respondents\u27 Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices. Secondary data was also accessed from the database of the DA-ATI and PLDT-SMART Stakeholder Management Group. Data analysis tools included descriptive analysis and KAP Scoring. Fisher\u27s Exact Test was also performed to verify the relationship between the affecting variables and marketing practices.
Results revealed that 48.05 percent of the farmer-beneficiaries were aged 51 years and above, equal participation was observed between males and females, a high proportion (36.54%) have a monthly income between Php10,957 to Php21,914, and 50 percent of the farmer-beneficiaries have been farming for 1-14.9 years. The study also found that 57.69 percent of the farmer-beneficiaries were cultivating multiple commodities, 50 percent have a farm size of less than 0.5 to 2.0 hectares, and are landowners. As for the youth companions, most (67.31%) were aged 18 to 25 years old while 15.38 percent have age ranges of 31 years and above. Most of the youth companions were female (57.69%), had tertiary education (51.92%), were not related to the farmer-beneficiaries (67.31%), and all of them are already engaged in agriculture prior to their training under the DFP.
As for the respondents\u27 knowledge level, it was revealed that 65.38 percent were fairly knowledgeable. An improvement in their attitude was also observed from fair (3.12 weighted mean) to favorable (4.26 weighted mean) after the program. Although the respondents expressed a less favorable attitude towards selling to the middlemen after their training, their attitude is still considered fair at a weighted mean of 1.96. Before DFP 102, it was also found that most (66%) of the farmer-beneficiaries were already mixed farmers. After the training, 92 percent became mixed farmers while 8 percent remained as traditional farmers. In the test of independence, only commodity, knowledge level, and perception on profitability in terms of sales were found to have a significant relationship with the marketing practices. Limited slots for training participants, few training programs available, and the slow and intermittent internet connection in their area were the primary constraints encountered by the farmer-beneficiaries in adopting the extension program. With all this, the study\u27s result affirms that the program has positive effect in terms of knowledge and perceived profitability but positive changes are not exclusively due to the program. Since farmer-beneficiaries were able to employ digital marketing practices, the program is still aligned with its objective of empowering farmers with digital skills.
Based on the findings of the study, the following were recommended: (a) strengthen the commitment of the LSAs to DA-ATI and their constituents; (b) follow stricter guidelines in accepting training participants; (c) widen the reach of the extension program; (d) update the training modules, execute follow-up training, and focus on hands-on activities; and (e) provide a constant extension program monitoring and do an overall program evaluation
Price Analysis of Tomato in Selected Provinces of the Philippines, 1995-2020
No full textthe study aimed to analyze the farmgate and retail prices of tomatoes on a national level and selected major tomato-producing provinces of Ilocos Norte, Iloilo, and Bukidnon. The study specifically aimed to analyze the behavior in the farmgate and retail prices of tomatoes and, at the same time, assess its seasonal, secular, cyclical, and irregular variations from 1995 to 2020.
Based on the results of the study, nominal and real farmgate prices of tomatoes had an increasing trend from 1995 to 2020. Major price increases occurred from 1997 to 1998 and from 2019 to 2020. The price increases were shown to have been associated with natural calamities such as droughts and typhoons and the COVID-19 pandemic.
The study revealed that the highest retail seasonal price index of tomatoes came in the rainy month of October, and the lowest seasonal indices came in the summer months of April and May, coinciding with the harvest season. On the other hand, the highest farmgate price index of tomatoes was recorded from July to October, while the lowest index was seen during the summer months. Moreover, in terms of price variability, the provinces of Ilocos Norte and Iloilo had the highest price variability among the three provinces covered by the study.
In terms of the secular trend, the farmgate and retail prices of tomatoes generally revealed long-term increasing trends. Moreover, the secular trend also showed that Ilocs Norte and Iloilo had the higher price variability compared to Bukidnon.
The notable increases in the cyclical price variation for the farmgate was in 2020 beacuse of the COVID-19 pandemic. While for retail prices, the notable increase was in the province of Bukidnon in 1997 due to the drought that stuck the province. The peaks and troughs of the price movements of tomatoes came every four months, which coincided with the production cycles of tomatoes.
Lastly, the study showed that natural calamities affect farmgate prices more than retail prices in terms of irregular price variations. Thus, the study recommended that the regional offices of the Department of Agriculture conduct entrepreneurial seminars on the post-processing of tomatoes so that tomato growers can sell their produce at a higher value if their harvest coincides with low farmgate prices. Moreover, the study recommends that the site analysis be done to have more specific recommendations on farm input usage. Lastly, the study recommends that the Department of Agriculture\u27s regional offices apply preventive measures to help prevent tomato crop wastage during the wet season