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Exploring the Impact of High-Temperature Stress on Physiological, Anatomical, Molecular, Productive, and Quality Parameters in Diverse Olive Cultivars
Get PDFOlive (Olea europaea L.) is one of the most important horticultural crops in Saudi Arabia. High temperatures are typical in most regions during the summer season. This study explored the effect of high temperatures on diverse olive cultivars (Manzanillo, Chemlali, and Picual) grown in three different geographical locations in Saudi Arabia (Sakaka, Basita, and Al-Qurayyat). Sakaka region was classified as a hot region, while the Basita and Al-Qurayyat regions were characterized by relatively mild or low temperatures. Genotypic components were assessed by studying Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) molecular markers and physiological, anatomical, productive, and oil quality parameters. The evaluated genotypes displayed considerable variation across the three studied locations. Picual exhibited more heat tolerance, followed by Chemlali and Manzanillo. The high temperature in Sakaka negatively impacted critical characteristics related to olive growth, production, and quality. Results revealed that linoleic acid, oil acidity, total phenols, upper epidermis, palisade tissue, vascular bundle area, and mesophyll were the most appropriate parameters for predicting the impact of high temperatures. These traits were highly correlated with Sakaka and were highly and significantly associated with all the studied markers. Also, significant interactions between locations and genotypes showed that the means for most of the studied traits were the highest in Basita region
Changes in Physico-Chemical Properties of a Sandy Loam Soil Depending on the Particle Size of Hazelnut Shell-Derived Biochar
Get PDFThis study evaluated the effects of hazelnut shell-derived biochar particle sizes on the soil’s physical and chemical properties, and on various nutrient contents present in the sandy loamy soils. For this purpose, an incubation experiment in the plastic high tunnel has been performed under sixteen treatments (control-only soil), and at four incubation times (30, 60, 90, and 120 d), by using three different biochar sizes (≤ 1, 1 - 2, and 2 - 4 mm). The addition of 1 - 2 and 2 - 4 mm biochar during the incubation time decreased the bulk density in the soil by 26%. The particle size ≤ 1 mm on the other hand, increased the available water content, percentage of aeration porosity, and macropore, but decreased the micropore percentage in the soil. The soil’s pH has been the highest at 1 - 2 mm, 120 d sample, organic matter content at ≤ 1 mm, 120 d sample, and total nitrogen at ≤ 1 mm, 60 d sample. Regarding the available phosphorus and extractable potassium contents, the most effective particle size has been ≤ 1 mm and the incubation period has been 90 d for P and 60 d for K. The reduction in biochar particle size decreased the soil’s micro element content. The results showed that among all applications ≤ 1 mm biochar particle size was the most effective size on many physico-chemical properties of sandy loam soils. Also, a potential study related to the subject of this research focusing on the effects of different textures of particle sizes derived from hazelnut shell biochars
Consumers\u27 Preference for Vegetable Market in the Midst of Pandemic in Selected Areas in Laguna, 2022
No full textThe study examined the consumer’s preference for vegetable market in the midst of pandemic in selected areas in Laguna. Specifically, it identified the consumers’ choice of vegetable market, determined the factors that affect the consumers’ choice of market, examined the purchasing behavior of vegetable consumers, and determined the vendors’ sales and postharvest handling practices before and during the pandemic. It made recommendations on how business owners can cope up with the changing consumers’ preference for market.
Primary data were gathered from 96 respondents from Calamba City, Los Banos, and Bay, Laguna. The respondents were those assigned in marketing; they were selected via systematic random sampling. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, comparison of means using dependent t-test, attribute importance rating and ranking, and multinomial logistic regression analysis.
Among the interviewed respondents, 46 percent preferred to shop vegetables from wet market; 40 percent, from talipapa, 14 percent, from supermarkets; and one percent had a backyard garden before the pandemic. During the pandemic, 50 percent chose talipapa, 21 percent sticked to wet markets, 14 percent acquired from supermarkets, 11 percent preferred e-commerce, one percent chose pop-up stores, while three percent had a backyard garden.
In urban barangays, before the pandemic, pricing scheme, proximity, and availability of other commodities were the top market characteristics considered. During the pandemic, availability of other commodities was given more emphasis together with proximity and convenience. Pricing scheme became less important. In rural barangays, proximity, pricing, and convenience were given prime importance in both periods. There was significant decrease in the volume and frequency of purchase, while the number of vegetable varieties purchased increased during the pandemic among urban households. However, there was no significant change in the buying behavior among rural households. Vendors claimed significant decrease in their vegetable sales during the pandemic; statistical test had confirmed it was so at one percent level of significance. There was no significant difference in the number of vegetable varieties available in the market before and during the pandemic.
Before pandemic, female shoppers, with white collar job, and members of organization preferred wet market and supermarket over talipapa, while older shoppers with larger household and live in remote areas preferred talipapa over wet market and supermarket. Low pricing scheme and availability of other consumer commodities in wet markets and supermarkets made them more preferred vis-à-vis talipapa. Households from Bay less preferred supermarket and preferred public market over talipapa. Households from urban areas preferred wet market and supermarket over talipapa. During the pandemic, female, and those with white collar job changed preference in favor of talipapa, while those with large household preferred wet market.
It was recommended that vegetable markets should be improved in accordance with the consumers’ preferences. The use of e-commerce had risen, but problems related to this must be addressed. Lastly, the government should support vegetable vendors to comply with the consumers preference
Building capacity on One Health in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic: Connecting disciplines in the Philippines
No full textBackground and Aim: There have been limited capacity-building activities on One Health in the Philippines. To contribute to capacity development in One Health, the authors conducted the first short course on One Health in the country for health, allied health, and collaborating professionals. This study aimed to review the preparation and implementation of the One Health course and describe the challenges and opportunities of conducting the course during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Materials and Methods: The course curriculum was developed by a multidisciplinary group of experts. The objectives for the course were as follows: (1) Describe the concept, scope, and applications of One Health; (2) identify social and economic factors influencing food security and safety, control of zoonoses, and combating antimicrobial resistance; and (3) describe the challenges and opportunities in applying the One Health approach to achieve better public health outcomes. Recruitment of participants was based on predetermined criteria. The 3-day course was conducted online through Zoom. Pre- and post-tests as well as the evaluation of the course were administered through Google forms. Results: The 3-day online course was attended by 136 participants from 15 of the 17 administrative regions of the country. A multidisciplinary group of experts delivered a total of 11 lectures divided into the following sessions: (1) Fundamentals of One Health; (2) Interrelatedness of Human, Animal, and Environmental Health; and (3) Applications of One Health. Conclusion: As the first One Health course in the Philippines, this 3-day course demonstrated the feasibility of conducting capacity-building on One Health for a multidisciplinary group of participants during the coronavirus disease-19 pandemic. It may serve as a model for similar and more in-depth courses on One Health for specific groups in the future and has set the stage for intersectoral communication and education, providing an avenue for collaboration for professionals in various disciplines, and facilitating the expansion of One Health network in the Philippines. Keywords: capacity-building, intersectoral collaboration, multidisciplinary approach, One Health, Philippines
Analysis of the Profitability of Sweet Potato Production in Talisay City, Negros Occidental, 2018
No full textIn the light of increasing prices of staple goods, the production of alternative, high- yielding commodities such as sweet potato is being encouraged to farmers. The government of Negros Occidental specifically awarded land certificates to farmers to encourage them to grow sweet potato in the area. National data shows that sweet potato farming increased throughout the years. With that, there is a need to evaluate the profitability of the said commodity to see the opportunity cost in producing it. Using the costs and returns analysis, the profitability of sweet potato production in Talisay City was measured. Moreover, through data from the City Agriculturist and interview with farmers, the following parameters were gathered to determine their effect on the profitability of sweet potato production: age of farmers, years in school, years in sweet potato farming, land size, labor input, and amount of planting materials used. Following, sweet potato production in Talisay city is profitable and the factor that have the most impact in the profitability is the years of experience in sweet potato farming. If years of farming experience were to increase by 10%, output will increase by 5%. Moreover, it is important to look into the profitability of sweet potato to further assess the industry’s competence in the agricultural scene
Analysis on the Credit Needs and Behavior of Tilapia Grow-Out Farmers in Palakpakin Lake, San Pablo City
No full textCredit access and financial inclusion are seen as crucial factors towards achieving poverty reduction and economic development. For the agricultural sector specifically, an effective financing system is imperative to uplift the livelihood and well-being of the country\u27s farmers and fisherfolk. In an industry with continuous decline in productivity such as the tilapia industry, credit is seen as a tool to mitigate losses. Given this, the study focused on assessing the credit needs and behavior of tilapia grow-out farmers in Palakpakin Lake, San Pablo City. Specifically, it: determined the credit needs of tilapia grow-out farmers; identified the factors affecting the credit needs of tilapia grow-out farmers; analyzed the credit behavior of tilapia grow-out farmer borrowers; determined the reasons for non-availment of credit among tilapia ghrow-out farmer non-borrowers; and identified the credit-related problems encountered by tilapia grow-out farmers.
Through personal interviews using pre-tested questionnaires, information on credit needs and credit behavior was collected from 44 tilapia grow-out farmer respondents. Of these respondents, 11 were farmer-borrowers and 33 were non-borrowers. Information obtained also established the socio-demographic and farm-specific profile of tilapia grow-out farmers in the area. The respondents\u27 cashflow was used to estimate their capital requirements and credit needs for the following production cycle. Also, farmer-borrowers were assessed on their credit behavior which includes credit availment, credit utilization, and credit repayments. Farmer non-borrowers asked on their reasons for the non-availment of credit.
The cashflow analysis revealed that the 33 tilapia grow-out farmer-respondents have credit needs while only 11 have surplus cash inflow. Results also show that they did not fully utilize their areas of operation and failed to optimize usage of production inputs. It is important to note that the estimation of credit needs assumes full utilization of each farmer\u27s operational area for the next production cycle. The results from the cashflow analysis proved that equity capital along with the profit from previous harvest are not enough to finance the next production cycle\u27s farm operations.
Aside from the credit need of all farmer-respondents, their credit behavior was analyzed using descriptive statistics, credit utilization rate, and credit repayment rate. Data collected on reference showed that tilapia grow-out farmers prefer informal financial institutions as credit source and credit in-kind as credit type. It was also revealed that farmers need credit towards the end of the growing season which is the finisher stage of the production cycle. In terms of accessibility, results indicate that farmers have access to credit, but they do not utilize this access to satisfy their credit needs. For the 11 farmer borrowers, the credit utilization rate was high at 94.91 percent. Credit repayment was also high at 100 percent. The 33 farmer non-borrowers reported their non-availment was mainly due to sufficient capital. Overall, the credit needs, and behavior of tilapia grow-out farmers are dictated by poor financial capacity and credit aversion, respectively. Ultimately, the study revealed that tilapia grow-out farmers in Palakpakin Lake have aversion towards credit. Respondents showed negative perception and attitude towards credit
Saving Behavior of Vegetable Farming Households in Tayabas City, Quezon, 2023
No full textThe study assessed the saving behavior of vegetable farming households in Tayabas City, Quezon. Specifically, the study: (1) described the socio-economic characteristics, farm characteristics and operation, reasons for saving, and availability and accessibility of financial institutions of the vegetable farming households; (2) determined the vegetable farm profitability of the vegetable farming households; (3) analyzed the ability, willingness, and opportunity to save of the vegetable farming households; (4) determined the factors affecting the saving behavior of the vegetable farming households; and (5) recommended possible actions that can be conducted by local government, financial institutions, and other stakeholders based on the identified results.
A total of 74 respondents were distributed and randomly selected in the municipality specifically, vegetable farming households cultivating fruit vegetable production. Both primary and secondary data were utilized in the study. Descriptive analysis was used to describe the socio-economic characteristics, farm characteristics and operation, reasons for saving, availability and accessibility of financial institution, and vegetable farm profitability. The Likert Scale was used to measure levels of confidence in financial management and level of agreement in opinions on savings. Costs and returns analysis was conducted to measure the farm net income, while the Gini-Simpson index was used to analyze the income allocation diversity index based on 14 categories of expenditure. The multiple regression analysis was employed to assess the significance of selected ability and opportunity to save. Furthermore, binary logistic regression was used to assess the effects of behavioral characteristics on the willingness to save of vegetable farming households.
A multiple regression analysis results showed income level, dependency ratio, income allocation diversity index, and farm size as positive and significant factors affecting the ability to save of vegetable farming households. While distance of household from formal financial institution was negative and a significant factor affecting opportunity to save. Binary logistic regression results showed that only the presence of saving goals positively affected willingness to save. This study also found out that vegetable farming households were only able to save 2.68 percent of their income, 94.59 percent were willing to save, and opportunity to save was present across in the municipality, and 74.32 percent of the vegetable farming households had an informal savings. Since, majority of vegetable farming households are willing to save, majority can save a portion of their income on annual basis, and financial institutions are readily available and accessible to vegetable farming households, it was concluded that the vegetable farming households in Tayabas City, Quezon have a favorable saving behavior.
Based on the significant results, it was recommended to improve the saving behavior of vegetable farming households in the aspect of ability, willingness, and opportunity to save through increasing household income level (e.g., farm diversification and food value-addition business), improving rhe income allocation diversity and saving goals (e.g, financial literacy, management trainings, and seminars), and enhance access on the formal financial institution
Total Factor Productivity Growth of the Seaweed Industry of the Philippines, 2009-2020
No full textDespite the steady and promising growth observed in the seaweed industry in the past decades, the sustainability of its growth remains a concern. The industry can be deemed sustainable if the growth is attributed to technological change (based on the types of species adopted), technical efficiency change (based on production practices adopted), allocative efficiency change (based on input and output mix), or scale of efficiency change (based on the scale of operations). However, if the growth is due to the expansion of production area, with little contribution to productivity, then sustainability is indeed an issue. The proposed study is an attempt to determine the sources of TFP growth and suggest policy recommendations that can accelerate productivity growth in the seaweed industry.
The study was conducted to determine if the source of growth in the Philippine seaweed industry comes from factors that have sustainable long-term effects or temporary effects. Specifically, it aimed to: describe the seaweed industry situation in the Philippines; analyze changes in the factors affecting productivity of seaweed production between the two time periods (1996 to 2007 and 2009 to 2020); estimate the total factor productivity growth in seaweed aquaculture in relation to output growth achieved over time; and suggest policy directions that can help accelerate productivity growth in the seaweed industry. Data on the input variables, socio-economic characteristics, market factors, and technical and farm-specific factors of 75 farmers from Bohol, 50 from Cebu, 71 from Palawan, 50 from Tawi-tawi, and 50 from Zamboanga Sibugay were used to conduct a test of two means for the factors affecting productivity in the two time periods: Period A (1996-2007) and Period B (2009-2020). Data from BFAR was used to estimate the TFP growth in the Philippine seaweed industry. Bohol was also used to represent the situation of the seaweed industry at the provincial level for Period A. While Palawan, Bohol, and Tawi-tawi were used to represent the situation of the seaweed industry at the provincial level for Period B. Data using the averages of the prices and output levels of the top 10 seaweed-producing provinces were used at the national level.
Results showed that there were significant changes in the factors affecting productivity between the periods 1996 to 2007 and 2009 to 2020. These changes can be seen specifically in the input variables (seedlings and labor), socio-economic characteristics (sex, age, household size, and years of experience), the technical and farm-specific factors (farming practices and methods adopted and cropping cycle). Changes in productivity between the two time periods can be attributed to these factors. Results of the Tornqvist decomposition of growth in real TR showed that real revenues increased by 56.99 percent in Period A while real revenues increased by 59.57 percent in Period B. The decomposition of growth in real TC revealed that production costs increased by 113.59 percent in Period A and production costs increased by 73.49 percent in Period B
Mushroom Consumption Pattern among Customers of Mushroom Center in Cauayan, Isabela
No full textThe study aimed to understand better the Mushroom Center customers\u27 behavior patterns for fresh mushrooms. The objectives of this study were specifically to: (1) describe the customers\u27 sociodemographic profile, (2) describe the customers\u27 mushroom consumption behavior and purchase behavior, (3) evaluate and explain the sociodemographic, consumption, and purchase variables that have a significant relationship with the customers\u27 likelihood of repeat purchases. (4) identify the predictors of customers\u27 likelihood of repeat purchases (5) recommend marketing strategies based on the fitted predictive model that can guide the development of effective customer retention strategies.
Given the study\u27s objectives, the customer\u27s characteristics, such as sociodemographic profile, consumption behavior, and the purchase behavior of Mushroom Center\u27s customers for fresh mushrooms, are attained through Descriptive Statistics.
The description of the 102 respondents\u27 sociodemographic characteristics answers the first objective. The results indicate that most (55%) of the respondents are females. The majority of the respondents are married (65.7%). The respondents\u27 average age was 40 years old, but most of the respondents fall under the age range of 15 to 29 years old (31.4%). Households with 3 to 5 members (66.7%) have the highest recorded data. Most of the respondents reached the high school level (43.1%). The average monthly income of respondents was PHP 4,756.87.
In terms of consumption behavior of the Mushroom Center\u27s customers for fresh mushrooms, the most preferred variety is rice straw mushroom (44.1%), followed by oyster mushroom (42.2%), and button mushrooms (13.7%). The leading reason for mushroom consumption is Nutritional value & Health benefits (59.8%), followed by Medicinal properties (20.6%) and Delicacy (19.6%). The constraints to the consumption of fresh mushrooms are as follows, limited culinary options (36.3%), unavailability of fresh mushrooms (24.5%), uncertainty about where the mushroom was grown (20.6%), and unawareness of the nutritional benefits of mushroom consumption (18.6%).
The purchase behavior of the Mushroom Center\u27s customers for fresh mushrooms showed described the purchase frequency of the respondents was mainly occasional (50.0%), twice a month (38.2%), and monthly (9.8%). The Quality of mushrooms (57.84%) is the primary factor that affects the customers\u27 purchase of fresh mushrooms, followed by Price (22.5%) and lastly, the Location or proximity of the customers\u27 address to the Mushroom Center (19.61%). The findings revealed that variety (50.0%) is the most considered mushroom attribute for purchase, followed by size (40.2%) and shape (9.8%). Lastly, the respondents answered where they purchase fresh mushrooms aside from the Mushroom Center, and results indicated majority (53.9%) buy from the public market, followed by peddlers, and in malls.
The evaluation through appropriate types of correlation analysis explains the relationship between the individual customer characteristics with the customer\u27s likelihood to repurchase fresh mushrooms at the Mushroom Center and identifies the strength and direction of the association. Out of the 47 variables, including components of rank variables converted to nominal, only 16 variables have a significant relationship with the customers\u27 likelihood to repurchase fresh mushrooms from the Mushroom Center, referred to as determinants.
Logistic Regression Analysis is used to identify which determinants predict customers\u27 likelihood to repurchase fresh mushrooms at the Mushroom Center. The best- fit model is identified through trial-and-error combinations of the determinants in the Logistic Regression Model with the help of Wald\u27s Test, Likelihood ratio Chi-square Test, and Logistic Regression Tests on Assumptions.
The Predictive Model of the Customer\u27s Likelihood to Repeat Purchase Fresh Mushrooms at the Mushroom Center indicates A Mushroom Center customer is more likely to purchase mushroom as he/she ages, purchases the product occasionally, and considers the mushroom\u27s quality in purchasing mushroom and medicinal properties as factors in consuming mushroom.
Using the predictive model, the predictors of Customer\u27s Likelihood to Repeat Purchase Fresh Mushrooms at the Mushroom Center are the Customer\u27s Age, Occasional Purchase Frequency, Quality of Mushrooms as the Main Considered Factor in Purchase, and Medicinal Benefits of Mushrooms as the Reason for Mushroom Consumption.
The predictive model can be more efficient by conversion of the likelihood or log odds into probability. Therefore, this study included a manual to understand better how the model works, the likelihood conversion to probability, and its interpretations.
A designed Marketing Plan recommends strategies for the Mushroom Center to boost Customer Repurchase, improve Customer Engagement, and enhance Customer Loyalty of the customers for fresh mushrooms based on the identified predictors in the predictive model.
Moreover, this research recommends that the Mushroom Center can support mushroom farmers through market information sharing of the study\u27s determinants and predictors of customers\u27 likelihood to repurchase with fellow local mushroom producers. Consequently, this paper suggests the assistance of National Government Agencies for a wider market information dissemination on the customer characteristics, determinants, and predictors of repurchase. On the other hand, this study recommends the Local Government Units\u27 assistance in market information sharing to other mushroom producers within the province of Isabela, hoping to improve producer competitiveness and increase their productivity.
Lastly, the researcher recommends that future researchers explore and include other relevant customer characteristics and other aspects of purchase behaviors that can be the foundation of their study
Investigating the Information Needs, Seeking Behavior, and Use pf Rice and Coconut Farmers in San Antonio Quezon
No full textThe Department of Agriculture has been actively developing strategies centered around both traditional and modern Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) to enhance the information literacy of farmers. However, persistent issues, such as limited physical access to information and digital divide, continue to be prevalent in developing nations, particularly in marginalized rural regions in the Philippines. This challenge is evident in San Antonio, Quezon, where agriculture remains a primary source of livelihood. With this, understanding the information needs of farmers and understanding how they source and utilize information becomes increasingly crucial. These steps are vital for maximizing farmers\u27 productivity, given their heavy reliance on available information to make informed decisions. Thus, the study aimed to investigate the information needs, seeking behavior, and usage patterns of rice and coconut farmers, the primary contributors to San Antonio\u27s agricultural production. Participants, selected through judgmental sampling (n = 26 rice farmers and 26 coconut farmers), underwent semi-structured interviews, and the collected data was analyzed using thematic analysis.
Rice and coconut farmers have diverse information needs, and often, these needs are unique and specific to their farming problems, challenges, and their industry. Rice farmers are interested in learning information related to input product selection crop production, while coconut farmers primarily concentrate on opportunities related to processing and value addition. Both rice and coconut farmers in San Antonio prioritize market information, including farmgate prices of their harvested crops. They consider information on how to ensure better profits their top information need. Other information needs include information on how to increase crop yield and develop financing skills.
The information available for farmers was also explored to further assess their information needs. Results showed that the Department of Agriculture conducts limited in-person training programs for rice and coconut farmers in San Antonio. There are other available learning opportunities, however, not all farmers are aware of these resources. Additionally, their hands-on learning preference for farming practices is hindered by limited slots in training programs.
The MAO established the Farmers\u27 Information and Technology Services (FITS) Center that will serve as a resource hub for farmers. Additionally, various companies and representatives from attached agencies visit San Antonio to share information and knowledge, with the Municipal Agricultural Officer coordinating these efforts with different associations. However, there are still disparities in learning opportunities between landowners and tenant rice farmers, as landowners are the ones who primarily benefit from free training programs.
Farmers employ a diverse range of methods to acquire information. These methods can be broadly categorized based on the modes and mediums of farmers’ information seeking behavior. They draw from personal experience, seek advice from agriculturists at the municipal office, consult various sources such as buyers and input sellers, interact with co-farmers and acquaintances, seek advice from landowners or tenants, utilize social media and online platforms, make phone calls, attend training programs and meetings, and collaborate with other farmers. Subsequently, they evaluate, put the information into practice, and make decisions based on the information they acquire. They also often benchmark against industry standards and share information with their peers and the farming community.
The study not only delved into individual farmer characteristics in analyzing these variables but also considered the broader context of temporal factors, problem and task in hand, information sources, social roles, and access to facilities. Based on the findings, the information needs, seeking behavior and use of farmers can be determined according to three categories of farmers: conservative, cautious, and progressive farmers. This is according to the temporal context of farmers where conservative farmers mostly have non-recurring information needs, cautious farmers both have non-recurring and recurring information needs, and progressive farmers have recurring, new, and continuous information needs.
Information needs and seeking behavior are frequently influenced by the nature of the task or problem at hand, their familiarity with the problem, trust in the information source, convenience, and the entertainment value of the content.
Additionally, the access to facilities and information becomes a crucial context for this study due to infrastructure and access constraints, market dynamics, associated risks in primary activities, and the presence of supporting activities that shape farmers’ behavior and needs.
With regards to social role of farmers, it can be observed that the active involvement of coconut and rice farmers, along with their spouses, landowners, tenants, or laborers, in farm decision-making processes shapes the information needs, seeking behavior, and use of farmers. Moreover, their sense of responsibility and self-efficacy, which are influenced by their affiliations with agricultural associations or cooperatives, also determine their information needs and behavior.
Considering these findings, it is imperative for government agencies and agriculture extension workers to reevaluate and enhance their strategies for information dissemination. Tailoring programs to address the specific needs of farmers, increasing awareness about available resources, and adopting inclusive approaches can contribute to the development of more effective agricultural training programs