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El model de llengua catalana de la gent jove a TikTok: algunes tendències evolutives observades i distància amb el tractament normatiu del col·loquial.
No full textTutor: Xavier Rofes MolinerTreball de fi de grau en Traducció i InterpretacióAquest treball analitza el model de llengua catalana emprat pels joves a la plataforma TikTok i la distància que manté respecte a la normativa establerta per l'Institut d'Estudis Catalans. A diferència d'estudis anteriors centrats en la presència sociolingüística del català a les xarxes, aquesta recerca examina específicament alguns dels trets lingüístics més recurrents del discurs digital juvenil i els acara amb el tractament normatiu dels registres informals. L’objectiu principal és analitzar les característiques lingüístiques del model de llengua utilitzat pels joves catalanoparlants a TikTok, identificar-ne les distància respecte a la normativa del català informal i col·loquial, i explorar-ne les causes socioculturals, amb la finalitat de valorar si la normativa actual reflecteix adequadament la diversitat i l’evolució dels usos lingüístics juvenils en entorns digitals. L'anàlisi de 597 casos en 112 enregistraments s’exposen en tres categories principals: lèxic, semàntic i pragmàtic, i morfosintàctic. Els resultats confirmen un model amb fortes interferències del castellà i l'anglès, especialment en l'àmbit lèxic, però mantenint una base gramatical catalana relativament sòlida. L'estudi conclou que la distància entre l'ús informal i la normativa és significativa, però no es deu a una pèrdua de competència lingüística, sinó entre altres causes, a l’adaptació funcional a contextos comunicatius específics i al fet que és, precisament, un dels trets constitutius de la varietat juvenil actual. A partir de les conclusions es proposa una actuació en dues direccions: revisar el model normatiu per reflectir millor la realitat comunicativa actual i treballar el model de xarxes socials per potenciar els aspectes genuïns del català, reconeixent el paper dels influenciadors en la normalització lingüística digital.Este trabajo analiza el modelo de lengua catalana utilizado por los jóvenes en la plataforma TikTok y la distancia que mantiene respecto a la normativa establecida por el Institut d'Estudis Catalans. A diferencia de estudios anteriores centrados en la presencia sociolingüística del catalán en las redes sociales, esta investigación examina específicamente algunos de los rasgos lingüísticos más recurrentes del discurso digital juvenil y los confronta con el tratamiento normativo de los registros informales. Se busca analizar las características lingüísticas del modelo de lengua utilizado por los jóvenes catalanohablantes en TikTok, identificar su distancia respecto a la normativa del catalán informal y coloquial, y explorar sus causas socioculturales, con el objetivo de valorar si la normativa actual refleja adecuadamente la diversidad y evolución de los usos lingüísticos juveniles en entornos digitales. El análisis de 597 casos en 112 grabaciones se organiza en tres categorías: léxica, semántica y
pragmática, y morfosintáctica. Los resultados confirman un modelo con fuertes interferencias del castellano y el inglés, especialmente en el ámbito léxico, aunque se mantiene una base gramatical catalana relativamente sólida. El estudio concluye que la distancia entre el uso informal y la normativa es significativa, pero no se debe a una pérdida de competencia lingüística, sino, entre otras causas, a la adaptación funcional a contextos comunicativos específicos y al hecho de que esa distancia es precisamente uno de los rasgos definitorios de la variedad juvenil actual. A partir de las conclusiones, se propone una actuación en dos direcciones: revisar el modelo normativo para reflejar mejor la realidad comunicativa actual y trabajar el modelo de redes sociales para potenciar los aspectos genuinos del catalán, reconociendo el papel de los influenciadores en la normalización lingüística digital.This study analyses the model of Catalan language used by young people on the TikTok platform and the extent to which it diverges from the normative standards established by the Institut d'Estudis Catalans. Unlike previous studies that focused on the sociolinguistic presence of Catalan on social media, this research specifically examines some of the most recurrent linguistic features in youth digital discourse and compares them with the normative treatment of informal registers. The goal is to study the linguistic characteristics of the language model used by Catalan-speaking youth on TikTok, identify its divergence from the informal and colloquial Catalan norm, and explore its sociocultural causes, in order to assess whether the current norm adequately reflects the diversity and evolution of youth language use in digital environments. The analysis of 597 cases across 112 recordings is structured into three main categories: lexical, semantic and pragmatic, and morphosyntactic. The
results confirm a model with strong interference from Spanish and English, especially in the lexical field, while maintaining a relatively solid Catalan grammatical base. The study concludes that the gap between informal use and the norm is significant, but not due to a loss of linguistic competence. Instead, it stems from functional adaptation to specific communicative contexts and represents a defining feature of current youth language varieties. Based on these conclusions, the study proposes two lines of action: revising the normative model to better reflect today’s communicative reality, and leveraging social media to promote genuine Catalan features, recognizing the role of influencers in digital language normalization
Analyzing singing voice expressivity: Focus on singing voice musical dynamics
No full textMusical dynamics, a key expressive dimension of the singing voice, play a vital role in
shaping phrasing and conveying the desired emotional impact. Despite their importance,
their formalization and standardization remain limited. This work addresses these challenges
by proposing methodologies to analyze and interpret dynamics from both audio and
score-performance perspectives. Our approach includes: (1) Comparative Musical Dynamics
Analysis – examining variations between audio performances, (2) Interpreting Musical
Dynamics from Scores – analyzing curated real-world audio performances paired with
scores featuring rich dynamics labels, and (3) Analyzing Listener Agreement on Perceived
Dynamics – investigating the subjectivity of interpretation.
To support these approaches, we curate diverse datasets, including a synthetic dataset for
choral singing, score-performance datasets from performer and listener perspectives, and
karaoke datasets for imitation-based dynamics analysis. Our findings reveal that while
synthetic data enables controlled comparisons, real-world performances exhibit musical
dynamics absent in synthetic renditions. Using Romantic-era Lieder scores, we
semi-automatically curated score-performance pairs through state-of-the-art source
separation and alignment techniques to train a dynamics prediction model. Collaborating
with expert musicians, we annotated scores with synchronized dynamics labels and
examined inter-annotator agreement using computational linguistics methods. Additionally,
we developed a system to identify vocal dynamics automatically, employing structural
segmentation and machine learning models trained on the Western classical Lieder corpus.
A preliminary study on Hindustani music revealed dynamics variations at strong beat
positions.
Our findings emphasize the value of personalized models and highlight the importance of
context-window size in dynamics prediction tasks.Las dinámicas musicales, una dimensión expresiva clave de la voz cantada, desempeñan
un papel fundamental en la configuración del fraseo y en la transmisión del impacto
emocional deseado. A pesar de su importancia, su formalización y estandarización siguen
siendo limitadas. Este trabajo aborda estos desafíos proponiendo metodologías para
analizar e interpretar las dinámicas tanto desde perspectivas de audio como de
interpretación de partituras. Nuestro enfoque incluye: (1) Análisis Comparativo de las
Dinámicas Musicales – examinando las variaciones entre diferentes interpretaciones de
audio, (2) Interpretación de las Dinámicas Musicales a partir de Partituras – analizando
interpretaciones de audio emparejadas con partituras que incluyen etiquetas detalladas de
dinámicas, y (3) Análisis del Acuerdo entre Oyentes sobre las Dinámicas Percibidas –
investigando la subjetividad en la interpretación.
Para respaldar estos enfoques, curamos diversos conjuntos de datos, incluyendo un
conjunto sintético para canto coral, conjuntos de datos de interpretación de partituras desde
las perspectivas del intérprete y del oyente, y conjuntos de datos de karaoke para el análisis
de dinámicas basado en imitación. Nuestros hallazgos revelan que, si bien los datos
sintéticos permiten comparaciones controladas, las interpretaciones reales presentan
dinámicas musicales ausentes en las versiones sintéticas. Usando partituras de Lieder del
período romántico, curamos pares de interpretación-partitura de manera semiautomática
mediante técnicas avanzadas de separación y alineación de fuentes para entrenar un
modelo de predicción de dinámicas. En colaboración con músicos expertos, anotamos
partituras con etiquetas de dinámicas sincronizadas y analizamos el acuerdo entre
anotadores utilizando métodos de lingüística computacional. Además, desarrollamos un
sistema para identificar dinámicas vocales automáticamente, empleando segmentación
estructural y modelos de aprendizaje automático entrenados con el corpus de Lieder de
música clásica occidental. Un estudio preliminar sobre música hindustani reveló variaciones
de dinámicas en posiciones de tiempos fuertes.
Nuestros hallazgos enfatizan el valor de modelos personalizados y destacan la importancia
del tamaño de la ventana de contexto en las tareas de predicción de dinámicas.Programa de Doctorat en Tecnologies de la Informació i les Comunicacion
Subtractive random forests
No full textMotivated by online recommendation systems, we study a family of random forests. The vertices of the forest are labeled by integers. Each non-positive integer i ≤ 0 is the root of a tree. Vertices labeled by positive integers n ≥ 1 are attached sequentially such that the parent of vertex n is n−Zn, where the Zn are i.i.d. random variables taking values in Z+. We study several characteristics of the resulting random forest. In particular, we establish bounds for the expected tree sizes, the number of trees in the forest, the number of leaves, the maximum degree, and the height of the forest. We show that for all distributions of the Zn, the forest contains at most one infinite tree, almost surely. If EZn < ∞, then there is a unique infinite tree and the total size of the remaining trees is finite, with finite expected value if EZ2 n < ∞. If EZn = ∞ then almost surely all trees are finite.Luc Devroye is supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) G. Lugosi acknowledges the support of Ayudas Fundación BBVA a Proyectos de Investigación Científica 2021 and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness grant PID2022-138268NB-I00, financed by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, FSE+MTM2015-67304-P, and FEDER, EU
El devenir de la pertenencia. Una cartografía de afectos y oralidades en el exilio
No full textTreball de fi de màster en Estudis de Cinema i Audiovisual ContemporanisTutor: Albert Elduque BusquetsLa presente investigación es un estudio de raíces y dislocaciones, de tránsitos e itinerancias que nos invitan a reflexionar sobre lo familiar y lo desconocido. Las heridas de separaciones y huidas no escogidas pueden hallar en las artes audiovisuales formas y lenguajes para lidiar con el estar dislocadas entre un aquí y un allá. Los relatos autobiográficos de las cineastas Antonia Rossi (Italia, 1978) y Melisa Liebenthal (Argentina, 1991) nos acercan formas de pensar nuestros orígenes más allá de las fronteras geográficas. Al invocar las memorias de desarraigos y exilios familiares, sus escrituras cuestionan los vínculos entre origen, pertenencia e identidad. Para ello, nos dispondremos a recorrer las narrativas audiovisuales de El eco de las canciones (Antonia Rossi, 2010) y Aquí y allá (Melisa Liebenthal, 2020) con el fin de hallar formas de ser y pertenecer en tierras lejanas; imaginaciones para fabricar subjetividades errantes capaces de resistir a la fijeza de una identidad amarrada a las lindes de una nación y una patria.This research is a study of roots and dislocations, of transits and itinerancies that invite us to reflect on the familiar and the unknown. The wounds of separations and unchosen escapes can find in the audiovisual arts forms and languages to deal with being dislocated between here and there. The autobiographical narratives of filmmakers Antonia Rossi (Italy, 1978) and Melisa Liebenthal (Argentina, 1991) bring us closer to ways of thinking about our origins beyond geographical borders. By invoking memories of family uprooting and exile, their writings question the links between origin, belonging and identity. To this end, we will set out to traverse the audiovisual narratives of El eco de las canciones (Antonia Rossi, 2010) and Aquí y allá (Melisa Liebenthal, 2020) in order to find ways of being and belonging in distant lands; imaginations to fabricate wandering subjectivities capable of resisting the fixity of an identity tied to the boundaries of a nation and a homeland
From investigation of expressiveness and robustness to a comprehensive value-based framework for multiple criteria sorting problems
No full textWe adopt an experiment-oriented perspective to investigate two essential characteristics -expressiveness and robustness- of multiple criteria sorting methods. We focus on the approaches from the family of UTADIS, learning the parameters of a value-driven threshold-based model from the Decision Maker's assignment examples. Even if the considered properties are crucial for the methods' reliability and usefulness in real-world scenarios, their verification through explicit numerical tests has been so far neglected. On the one hand, expressiveness captures the models' flexibility to reproduce different preferences, including simple and complex ones, meaningfully and accurately. On the other hand, robustness reflects the ability to deliver valid recommendations and ensure proper conclusiveness given the multiplicity of compatible preference model instances. We consider different variants of UTADIS, from assuming monotonic and preferentially independent criteria to more advanced settings that relax the monotonicity constraints or represent interactions. The experimental results capture the trade-off between the considered quality dimensions, indicating that richer models are characterized by greater expressiveness and lesser robustness. We also formulate a comprehensive framework indicating when some variant should be used, given the nature of supplied preferences or problem characteristics. These findings aid decision analysts in making robust recommendations in different contexts and help refine preference modeling assumptions. The framework's practical use is illustrated in a case study involving sorting mobile phone models into pre-defined preference-ordered classes
Hydrolysis-deficient mosaic microtubules as faithful mimics of the GTP cap
No full textA critical feature of microtubules is their GTP cap, a stabilizing GTP-tubulin rich region at growing microtubule ends. Microtubules polymerized in the presence of GTP analogs or from GTP hydrolysis-deficient tubulin mutants have been used as GTP-cap mimics for structural and biochemical studies. However, these analogs and mutants generate microtubules with diverse biochemical properties and lattice structures, leaving it unclear what is the most faithful GTP mimic and hence the structure of the GTP cap. Here, we generate a hydrolysis-deficient human tubulin mutant, αE254Q, with the smallest possible modification. We show that αE254Q-microtubules are stable, but still exhibit mild mutation-induced growth abnormalities. However, mixing two GTP hydrolysis-deficient tubulin mutants, αE254Q and αE254N, at an optimized ratio eliminates growth and lattice abnormalities, indicating that these 'mosaic microtubules' are faithful GTP cap mimics. Their cryo-electron microscopy structure reveals that longitudinal lattice expansion, but not protofilament twist, is the primary structural feature distinguishing the GTP-tubulin containing cap from the GDP-tubulin containing microtubule shaft. However, alterations in protofilament twist may be transiently needed to allow lattice compaction and GTP hydrolysis. Together, our results provide insights into the structural origin of GTP cap stability, the pathway of GTP hydrolysis and hence microtubule dynamic instability.The authors thank Pablo Guerra from the IBMB-CSIC Cryo-EM Platform at ALBA for support for cryo-EM sample preparation and data acquisition, Guadalupe Espadas-García and Eduard Sabido-Aguade from the CRG/UPF Proteomics Unit for data analysis, support in experimental design and sample preparation for the LC/MS-MS experiments, Andrea E. Prota for technical support for microtubule atomic model building and Eva Nogales, UC Berkeley, for helpful discussions. T.S. acknowledges the support of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa (CEX2020-001049-S, MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033), the Generalitat de Catalunya through the CERCA programme and to the EMBL partnership. T.S. also acknowledges funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 951430) and from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (grant PID2019-108415GB- I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033). J.E-G was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, “Juan de la Cierva—Formación” grant (FJC2020-043857-I). M.O.S. acknowledges financial support from the Swiss National Science Foundation (310030_192566). The Cryo-EM Platform at ALBA was supported by the Generalitat de Catalunya (project IU16-014045 (CRYO-TEM)) by the European Union (project “ERDF A way of making Europe”). The proteomics analyses were performed in the CRG/UPF Proteomics Unit which is part of the Spanish National Infrastructure for Omics Technologies (ICTS OmicsTech)
Direcció de la família i responsabilitat dels cònjuges per les necessitats i les despeses familiars
No full textFragmented identities : la cultura de la inmediatez digital y su influencia en la construcción identitaria del individuo
No full textTutor: Frederic Guerrero-Solé
Treball de fi de grau en Publicitat i Relacions PúbliquesEl consumo digital actual está marcado por la instantaneidad, la automatización y la brevedad de los formatos. Plataformas como TikTok o Instagram generan un flujo constante de material breve que, lejos de ser neutro, expone al usuario a una infinidad de referentes identitarios. La producción constante y automatizada de material digital en plataformas de contenido breve, supone un volumen de contenido abrumador para el usuario hiperconectado. Estos inputs, creados por múltiples creadores de contenido, exponen un amplio abanico de personalidades para el usuario promedio. El consumo diario y persistente de contenido de formato breve supone un consumo fácil que margina a procesos más dedicados como son la introspección y la privacidad. ¿Tiene la sobreexposición continuada a contenido digital el poder de influir en el proceso de construcción identitario del usuario consumidor? ¿De qué manera afecta a este proceso; positivamente o negativamente?
Para abordar este fenómeno, se empleó una metodología cualitativa basada en grupos focales. Se llevaron a cabo tres grupos focales (N=18) con jóvenes de entre 18 y 25 años, usuarios habituales de TikTok y/o Reels. Los usuarios pertenecientes a este rango de edad se encuentran en la etapa de adultez emergente, un periodo de desarrollo personal crucial para el individuo. La dinámica, estructurada en cinco bloques temáticos, permitió generar un espacio de reflexión y diálogo sobre la identidad entre los participantes. En primer lugar, los resultados demostraron que la cultura digital contemporánea puede entorpecer el proceso identitario, aunque también lo estimula en ciertos casos. Factores como la autoestima o el bienestar digital son determinantes en esta relación. Asimismo, se demuestra una preferencia mayoritaria por una cultura lenta como espacio de construcción identitaria. Los resultados invitan a reflexionar sobre la posibilidad de construir una identidad coherente en un entorno digital acelerado, fragmentado y saturado de estímulos.Current digital consumption is characterised by immediacy, automation and brevity of formats. Platforms such as TikTok and Instagram generate a constant flow of short content that, far from being neutral, exposes users to an infinite number of identity references. The constant and automated production of digital content on short-form content platforms represents an overwhelming volume of content for hyperconnected users. These inputs, created by multiple content creators, expose the average user to a wide range of personalities. The daily and persistent consumption of short-form content is easy consumption that marginalises more dedicated processes such as introspection and privacy. Does continuous overexposure to digital content have the power to influence the identity-building process of the consumer user? How does it affect this process, positively or negatively? To address this phenomenon, a qualitative methodology based on focus groups was used. Three focus groups (N=18) were conducted with young people between the ages of 18 and 25 who are regular users of TikTok and/or Reels. Users in this age range are in the stage of emerging adulthood, a period of personal development that is crucial for the individual. The dynamics, structured in five thematic blocks, allowed for the creation of a space for reflection and dialogue on identity among the participants. First, the results showed that contemporary digital culture can hinder the identity process, although it also stimulates it in certain cases. Factors such as self-esteem and digital well-being are decisive in this relationship. Likewise, a majority preference for a slow culture as a space for identity construction was demonstrated. The results invite reflection on the possibility of constructing a coherent identity in an accelerated, fragmented and stimulus-saturated digital environment
Subtypes of suicidal ideation among university students - An ecological momentary assessment study
No full textBackground: Suicide is a leading cause of death among youth ages 15 to 29. This study identifies suicidal ideation (SI) subtypes among university students based on daily reports of SI, assesses how stress sensitivity may affect SI variability within these subtypes, and how they differ in terms of past and future self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITB). Methods: 756 students participated in a 14-day ecological momentary assessment and web-based survey at baseline and 12-month follow-up. Latent Profile Analysis identified SI subtypes using indicators of intensity, variability and frequency. Multinomial regressions evaluated the associations between SITB and SI subtypes, as well between SI subtypes and future SITB. Linear models assessed how stress sensitivity was associated to SI variability within the subtypes. Results: Three SI subtypes were identified: sporadic and low intensity/variability (S1), frequent and medium intensity/variability (S2), and frequent and high intensity/variability (S3). Stress sensitivity was highest in S2 and S3, in S3 higher stress sensitivity was associated with lower day-to-day variability. Nearly all aORs for SITB significantly increased from S1 to S3 compared to controls, with each subtype showing higher aORs compared to the previous subtype (S3 vs, S2 vs S1). S3 students showed higher persistence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors at follow-up (aOR = 20.6; 95 % CI = 8.3-51.2), with 4 of the 7 attempts occurring among students in this subtype. Conclusions: Daily SI severity predicts future active SI and attempts, with stress sensitivity contributing to more extreme, rigid suicidal thinking. Targeting stress sensitivity could be effective for suicide prevention among university students