43569 research outputs found
Sort by
Vías indirectas de acceso para las futuras generaciones en procesos consultivos ante la Corte Internacional de Justicia y la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos
No full textEste artículo examina cómo los procesos consultivos se han convertido en un mecanismo de participación y acceso a la justicia climática para los defensores de intereses de las generaciones futuras. En la primera parte, se analizan los fundamentos normativos de la protección intergeneracional desde el marco de la sostenibilidad y los derechos humanos. En la segunda parte, se estudia la cuestión desde la perspectiva práctica, el rol de los actores no estatales en los procesos consultivos sobre cambio climático ante la Corte Internacional de Justicia (CIJ) y la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos (CtIDH). Esta sección analiza el caso del movimiento World Youth for Climate en el marco de la CIJ y el uso del mecanismo de Amicus Curiae ante la CtIDH. Finalmente, se plantean reflexiones sobre el grado de participación y el impacto potencial de estas iniciativas para ampliar el espectro de protección de intereses de las generaciones futuras desde los derechos humanos frente a la crisis del cambio climático
Neonatal health within war contexts: insights from the Colombian experience, 1998–2007
No full textThe Colombian Armed Conflict intensified 1998–2002, with its urban dynamics continuing to influence neonatal health through 2007. Using data from the National Centre of Historic Memory and Civil Registration and Vital Statistics, this study examines the effects of regional violence on neonatal health outcomes. Employing a difference-in-differences approach and logistic regression analysis, we assessed the likelihood of adverse pregnancy outcomes—such as preterm births, low birth weights, and stillbirths-miscarriages—in regions with varying levels of violence. Results reveal a significant correlation between Colombian Armed Conflict dynamics and increased adverse outcomes, particularly in urban settlements 2003–2007. Women in heavily affected regions like Antioquia were more likely to transmit health disadvantages to their newborns, especially after 2002, the peak year of violence. This study highlights the disproportionate effects of this violence on neonatal health, emphasizing the role of the “Policy of Democratic Security” in reshaping violence patterns and exacerbating health disparities. By focusing on the differential effects of violence across rural and urban settings, this study provides critical empirical evidence on how conflict dynamics influence neonatal well-being, offering new insight into the long-term health consequences of armed conflict
How well do simulated population samples with GPT-4 align with real ones? The case of the eysenck personality questionnaire revised-abbreviated personality test
No full textAdherence to the 3+30+300 urban green space rule and mental health, physical activity, and overweight: A population-based study in the Netherlands
No full textBackground: The 3+30+300 guideline aims to establish a standard for healthier cities to enhance population health through the provision of trees and green space; however, little empirical evidence to support its effectiveness is available. Objectives: We aimed to 1) evaluate the adherence to the 3+30+300 urban green space rule in the Netherlands; 2) examine the associations between the 3+30+300 rule (and its components) and adults' health and behavioral outcomes; and 3) assess possible effect modifications by age, sex, income, and urbanicity. Methods: We used population-based health survey data for 2022 from the Netherlands. Adults' general health, psychological complaints, anxiety and depression symptoms, psychological resilience, physical activity, and overweight were assessed alongside the 3+30+300 rule at the residential addresses. Covariate-adjusted mixed effects logistic regressions estimated the associations of health and behavioral outcomes with the 3+30+300 components-individually and jointly. Subgroup analyses based on age, sex, income, and urbanicity were also conducted. Results: Of the 180,949 respondents, 16.4 % met the 3+30+300 rule. Respondents meeting the 3+30+300 rule were significantly less likely to be overweight and were significantly more likely to be physically active than those not meeting the rule. Neither meeting the 3+30+300 rule nor its components showed any association with other health or behavioral outcomes. We found no notable effect modification by age, sex, income, and urbanicity. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that meeting the 3+30+300 green space rule may promote certain health benefits, particularly by supporting better weight management and higher physical activity levels, though its role in mental health remains inconclusive.The research leading to this work was partly supported by the “Strategic research and innovation program for the development of Medical University – Plovdiv” No. BG-RRP-2.004–0007-C01, Establishment of a network of research higher schools, National plan for recovery and resilience, financed by the European Union – NextGenerationEU. ISGlobal acknowledges support from the grant CEX2023-0001290-S funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, and support from the Generalitat de Catalunya through the CERCA Program. The funders did not influence the study design, data collection and analysis, interpretation, or article drafting
Construcció d’una nova identitat de marca per al públic jove: Proposta de rebranding visual i comunicatiu per al celler Terra Remota
No full textTreball de fi de grau en Publicitat i Relacions PúbliquesTutoritzat per: Ferran BlanchAquest treball analitza noves formes de connexió entre el món del vi i el públic jove a través de la redefinició estratègica i creativa d’una marca vinícola catalana. En un context de transformació dels valors socials i dels hàbits de consum, s’identifica l’oportunitat d’actualitzar el relat i la manera com es presenta el vi, històricament vinculat a codis formals i sovint allunyats de les noves generacions. A partir del cas de Terra Remota, es proposa l’extensió de línia Rauxa, concebuda per obrir el vi a nous moments de consum, incorporar formats innovadors i adoptar llenguatges comunicatius propers al públic jove. L’objectiu és posicionar Rauxa com una marca vinícola contemporània, capaç de combinar l’arrelament territorial amb valors actuals com la sostenibilitat, l’autenticitat, la creativitat i el foment d’un consum responsable
Food for thought: an analogy for digital sovereignty in education
No full textDigital sovereignty (DS) in education refers to the educational community’s capacity to exercise self-governance over technology use, aligning it with educational goals.
Many educators, with limited familiarity with critical digital literacy, struggle to represent technological issues using domain principles and values, restricting engagement with its ethical, environmental, and agency-focused principles. This paper proposes using food sovereignty principles as an analogy to foster abstract representations by linking DS to a familiar context.Supported by PID2020-112584RB-C33, PID2023-146692OB-C33, CEX2021-001195-M funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, UPF-CLIK, SGR00930. DHL acknowledges ICREA Academia support
Characterising acute and chronic care needs: insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
No full textChronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care addresses short-term conditions. Chronic conditions increasingly strain health systems, which are often unprepared for these demands. This study examines the burden of conditions requiring acute versus chronic care, including sequelae. Conditions and sequelae from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019 were classified into acute or chronic care categories. Data were analysed by age, sex, and socio-demographic index, presenting total numbers and contributions to burden metrics such as Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), Years Lived with Disability (YLD), and Years of Life Lost (YLL). Approximately 68% of DALYs were attributed to chronic care, while 27% were due to acute care. Chronic care needs increased with age, representing 86% of YLDs and 71% of YLLs, and accounting for 93% of YLDs from sequelae. These findings highlight that chronic care needs far exceed acute care needs globally, necessitating health systems to adapt accordingly
Inteligencia artificial generativa y confianza en los medios. Un análisis de la detección de IA en noticias usando GPTzero
No full textL'article (Generative artificial intelligence and media trust. An analysis of AI detection in news using GPTZero) també està disponible en anglès.Introducción: El uso de la IA en la generación de noticias es una realidad que puede poner en peligro la confianza en los medios de comunicación. Metodología: El presente trabajo ha tenido el objetivo de analizar mediante análisis de contenido si la mejor plataforma para la detección de uso de IA en textos: GPTZero, es garantía para discriminar entre noticias elaboradas completamente con IA y contenidos firmados por profesionales. Para ello se analizaron textos de noticias reales (prensa y digital) y de noticias elaboradas por inteligencia artificial (ChatGPT). Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos han indicado que GPTZero ofrece una baja fiabilidad para detectar textos generados con ChatGPT (7,3%) y, que puede señalar como falsos positivos contenidos que no han sido elaborados con inteligencia artificial. Discusión: Los análisis realizados con dos algoritmos diferentes indicaron que GPTZero no descubrió el uso completo de ChatGPT en un corpus de noticias y, de la misma forma, advirtió de cierta probabilidad de uso colaborativo de IA (redacción por un humano con soporte de IA) en noticias que fueron firmadas por periodistas profesionales. Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos han generado más dudas que certezas sobre si GPTZero puede ayudar a señalar el uso de IA o asegurar el prestigio de los medios de comunicación
A Population Genetics Approach on Human Population History, Functional Variation and Forensics
No full textLa genètica de poblacions ofereix eines clau per estudiar com les forces evolutives (mutació, deriva, selecció i recombinació) donen forma a la variació genètica dins i entre les poblacions humanes. Analitzant tant marcadors autosòmics com uniparentals, és possible reconstruir històries demogràfiques complexes, incloent esdeveniments com la migració, la barreja i l'aïllament, així com traçar patrons demogràfics específics del sexe. Aquests processos demogràfics deixen empremtes duradores en el genoma, influint en la distribució i freqüència de variants tant neutres com deletèries, la qual cosa pot tenir conseqüències possibles per a les diferències de nivell poblacional en la susceptibilitat de la malaltia i la càrrega genètica. A més, la mateixa variació genètica s'ha convertit en essencial en la genètica forense, on contribueix a la identificació individual. Tenint en compte això, aquesta tesi explora com es poden utilitzar les dades de la genètica de poblacions per investigar diferents qüestions relacionades amb la història demogràfica humana, les seves conseqüències biològiques i les seves aplicacions en contextos mèdics i forenses.La genética de poblaciones ofrece herramientas clave para estudiar como las fuerzas evolutivas (mutación, deriva, selección y recombinación) dan forma a la variación genética dentro y entre las poblaciones humanas. Analizando tanto marcadores autosómicos como uniparentales, es posible reconstruir historias demográficas complejas, incluyendo acontecimientos como la migración, la mezcla y el aislamiento, así como trazar patrones demográficos específicos del sexo. Estos procesos demográficos dejan improntas duraderas en el genoma, influyendo en la distribución y frecuencia de variantes tanto neutras como deletéreas, lo cual puede tener consecuencias posibles para las diferencias de nivel poblacional en la susceptibilidad de la enfermedad y la carga genética. Además, la misma variación genética se ha convertido en esencial en la genética forense, donde contribuye a la identificación individual. Teniendo en cuenta esto, esta tesis explora como se pueden utilizar los datos de la genética de poblaciones para investigar diferentes cuestiones relacionadas con la historia demográfica humana, sus consecuencias biológicas y sus aplicaciones en contextos médicos y forenses.Population genetics offers key tools to study how evolutionary forces, such as mutation, drift, selection, and recombination, shape genetic variation within and between human populations. By analyzing both autosomal and uniparental markers, it is possible to reconstruct complex demographic histories, including events like migration, admixture, and isolation, as well as to trace sex-specific patterns of ancestry. These demographic processes leave lasting signatures on the genome, influencing the distribution and frequency of both neutral and deleterious variants, which may have possible consequences for population-level differences in disease susceptibility and genetic load. Besides, the same genetic variation, has become essential in forensic genetics, where it contributes to individual identification. Considering this, this thesis explores how population genetics data can be used to investigate different questions regarding human demographic history, its biological consequences, and its applications in medical and forensic contexts.Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Doctorat en Biomedicin
PretoxTM: a text mining system for extracting treatment-related findings from preclinical toxicology reports
No full textOver the last few decades the pharmaceutical industry has generated a vast corpus of knowledge on the safety and efficacy of drugs. Much of this information is contained in toxicology reports, which summarise the results of animal studies designed to analyse the effects of the tested compound, including unintended pharmacological and toxic effects, known as treatment-related findings. Despite the potential of this knowledge, the fact that most of this relevant information is only available as unstructured text with variable degrees of digitisation has hampered its systematic access, use and exploitation. Text mining technologies have the ability to automatically extract, analyse and aggregate such information, providing valuable new insights into the drug discovery and development process. In the context of the eTRANSAFE project, we present PretoxTM (Preclinical Toxicology Text Mining), the first system specifically designed to detect, extract, organise and visualise treatment-related findings from toxicology reports. The PretoxTM tool comprises three main components: PretoxTM Corpus, PretoxTM Pipeline and PretoxTM Web App. The PretoxTM Corpus is a gold standard corpus of preclinical treatment-related findings annotated by toxicology experts. This corpus was used to develop, train and validate the PretoxTM Pipeline, which extracts treatment-related findings from preclinical study reports. The extracted information is then presented for expert visualisation and validation in the PretoxTM Web App. Scientific Contribution While text mining solutions have been widely used in the clinical domain to identify adverse drug reactions from various sources, no similar systems exist for identifying adverse events in animal models during preclinical testing. PretoxTM fills this gap by efficiently extracting treatment-related findings from preclinical toxicology reports. This provides a valuable resource for toxicology research, enhancing the efficiency of safety evaluations, saving time, and leading to more effective decision-making in the drug development process.JC was partly supported by eTRANSAFE (received funding from the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking under grant agreement No 777365 and support from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme and EFPIA)