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El derecho a la participación en las decisiones ambientales de los proyectos de infraestructura pública de transporte en España y Colombia a la luz de los tratados regionales de democracia ambiental
No full textTreball de Fi de Màster: Màster Avançat en Ciències Jurídiques. Curs 2024-2025Tutor: Juan Carlos CovillaEste documento presenta un análisis comparado de los mecanismos de participación previstos en las legislaciones de España y Colombia, con el propósito de determinar si cumplen con los estándares de participación requeridos por los TRDA para garantizar la democracia ambiental en la toma de decisiones ambientales para el desarrollo de PIPT bajo concesión.
El objetivo es identificar los retos y oportunidades que representa la implementación de estos mecanismos como herramientas para articular las alianzas entre gobiernos, el sector privado y la sociedad civil para el desarrollo sostenible.
En el caso español se constata el cumplimiento de los estándares del CA, con la inclusión de la consulta a personas interesadas como mecanismo de participación obligatorio en la EIA. No obstante, se identifican oportunidades de mejora mediante la incorporación de mecanismos de participación ampliada, tomando como referencia ciertas características del modelo colombiano.
En Colombia, si bien existen mecanismos de participación ampliadas, no se dispone de un mecanismo de participación obligatorio conforme a los requisitos del AE. Por ello, se propone adaptar el modelo español de consulta y complementarlo con los mecanismos de protección ampliada actualmente existentes en el ordenamiento jurídico.
Finalmente, se plantea que la participación temprana fortalece la seguridad jurídica en la ejecución de los contratos de concesión de PIPT y reduce la conflictividad ambiental, para lo cual deberán articularse los mecanismos de participación con los procedimientos de evaluación ambiental y estructuración contractual para garantizar la democracia ambiental
Treballar a les plataformes digitals: què sabem sobre salut i seguretat?: resultats del Projecte GIG-OSH
No full textL’auge del treball en plataformes digitals ha redefinit profundament les relacions laborals, transformant les maneres de produir, organitzar i experimentar el treball. Aquest informe, resultat del projecte europeu GIG-OSH (New challenges for Occupational Safety and Health in times of the digital transformation in Europe), analitza com la digitalització afecta la salut, la seguretat i el benestar de les persones treballadores en diferents països europeus. A partir d’una metodologia mixta que combina enquestes a gairebé quatre mil treballadors, gairebé sis.centes de les quals a Espanya, amb entrevistes en profunditat a actors clau, l’estudi ofereix una mirada integral sobre els riscos emergents del treball a les plataformes digitals. Els resultats revelen una paradoxa: mentre les plataformes prometen autonomia i flexibilitat, a la pràctica es reprodueixen dinàmiques de precarietat, inestabilitat i sobreexplotació, configurant allò que els autors denominen una “economia del cansament digital”. L’informe també incorpora les veus de representants d’institucions públiques, sindicats i tècnics de polítiques públiques, que subratllen els reptes en matèria de regulació d’un entorn laboral deslocalitzat i mediat per plataformes i algoritmes. Iniciatives com la Llei Rider a Espanya o la Directiva Europea sobre el treball en plataformes mostren avenços, tot i que encara queden pendents aspectes clau com la formació preventiva, la cobertura sanitària i la transparència algorítmica. Més enllà del diagnòstic, aquest treball planteja una reflexió urgent: com garantir els drets i la salut laboral en un context de transformació digital accelerada? La seva aportació és doble: generar evidència científica comparada i obrir un debat informat sobre com construir un futur laboral més just, sostenible i humà.Projecte finançat per la Unió Europea NextGenerationEU/PRTR i per MICIU/AEI
(10.13039/501100011033), corresponent a l'Hospital del Mar Research Institute (HMRI) (PCI2022-134969-2) i Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF)-P22
Sex differences in the comorbidity of patients seeking a first treatment for Alcohol Use Disorder
No full textBackground: The CohRTA multicenter study aims to characterize patients undergoing a first treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD). The objective is to analyze sex-specific differences in the comorbidity of AUD when starting the first treatment for the disorder. Methods: A multicenter study was carried out between 2014 and 2021 in 6 public centers in Spain. Sociodemographic characteristics were collected, variables related to alcohol consumption, medical comorbidity according to Cumulative Illness Rating Scale-Substance Abuse (CIRS-SA), antecedent of psychiatric comorbidity, general blood test and screening for drugs in urine. Logistic regression models were used to establish associations. Results: A total of 896 patients (634 M, 262 W) were included. Median age at admission was 48 years [IQR:41–56 years]. Men reported beginning regular alcohol consumption at an earlier age and drank more alcohol. The most frequent medical comorbidities were hepatic, respiratory, vascular and neurological. The median number of affected systems was three, with no differences between men and women. However, depressive disorder was more frequent in women. In the multivariate analysis, women were up to 4 times more likely to have a major depressive disorder, elevated ESR and elevated total cholesterol than men. Men started alcohol consumption earlier, had a higher body mass index (BMI), a higher probability of using cocaine and a higher frequency of GGT and bilirubin alteration than women. Conclusion: Differences by sex were found among individuals beginning first treatment for AUD. These differences must be taken into account when designing specific therapeutic strategies for men and women
Silicon isotopic fractionation under water stress in Sorghum bicolor: evidence from in situ morphotype-specific phytolith analysis
No full textData de publicació electrònica: 27 de juny de 2025Background and Aims
Phytolith studies are still facing numerous challenges regarding the available notions of Si absorption from soil and its deposition in aerial organs. This study shows how plant water availability affects the biosilica content and silicon isotopic composition of phytoliths in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor).
Methods
Phytoliths were extracted from different plant parts of crops grown experimentally in lysimeters under water stress (WS) and well-watered (WW) conditions and analysed for silicon isotopic composition using femtosecond laser ablation multi-collector inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (fsLA-MC-ICP-MS). This method provided precise isotope ratios of individual phytolith morphotypes.
Results
Results indicate that while Si isotopic composition largely reflects watering conditions, single morphotypes present major differences with Bulliform phytoliths demonstrating superior predictive capability for water availability. The distinct Si isotopic signatures observed in Bulliform, Elongate, and Stoma suggest that variations in Si fractionation among morphotypes could be linked to differences in Si absorption and deposition processes, likely mediated by water stress.
Conclusions
Our findings align with prior research suggesting that water stress affects Si uptake, potentially altering the Si-water movement relationship. The significant variability in the isotopic data measured indicates the potential involvement of additional environmental, and consequently physiological factors influencing silicon isotope composition in phytoliths, especially Bulliform, which we suggest should be the focus of future research. Our model offers a solid foundation for research in several fields, from agronomic studies aimed at using Si to improve drought-resistance, to palaeoenvironmental and archaeological studies aimed at reconstructing past climate change and human¿environment interactions
Learning microrhythm in Uruguayan Candombe using transformers
No full textMusicians rely on nuanced microrhythm, slight variations in timing, dynamics, and other aspects, to create an expressive rhythmic feel in music performance. Electronic music production often attempts to replicate these qualities through algorithmic manipulations to achieve similar effects. In this work, we address the generation of microrhythm using a method that learns microtiming and dynamics from onset timing and strength annotations of drum performances. We frame microrhythm learning as a sequence modeling task, leveraging a Transformer-based model. Our focus is on Uruguayan candombe drumming, where we explore its rhythmic patterns at both the beat and rhythmic cycle levels. To evaluate the model’s effectiveness in replicating the original microrhythm, we compare the mean, standard deviation, and histogram intersection of timing deviations and dynamics values at each subdivision for the original and the generated data. The model is deployed as a VST enabling artists to incorporate candombe grooves into drum scores. With this work, we aim to bridge the gap between algorithmic rhythm creation and the expressive qualities of live performance, striving to produce music with the authentic grooves of various Latin American genres.This work was supported by “IA y Música: Cátedra en Inteligencia Artificial y Música” (TSI-100929-2023-1), funded by the Secretaría de Estado de Digitalización e Inteligencia Artificial, and the European Union-Next Generation EU, under the program “Cátedras ENIA 2022 para la creación de cátedras universidad-empresa en IA”
Prison officers as providers of social support: an analysis of the human service values and power dynamics present in prison officers' accounts of assisting inmates
No full textData de publicació electrònica: 22 de juliol de 2025.Previous research has shown that prison officers often provide practical and emotional assistance to inmates. However, this has generally been depicted as a discretionary, conflicted and unrewarded task, sometimes met with hostility from their peers. Consequently, some scholars have explored why prison officers adopt such a supportive role. This study contributes to this discussion by applying the social support framework to examine the human service values and power dynamics reflected in prison officers' accounts of assisting inmates in two Spanish prisons. Findings suggest that some prison officers expand their role through the provision of instrumental and expressive support to inmates. Nevertheless, maintaining order was still an underlying theme in most interviews, suggesting that prison officers also prevent conflict and exercise power through the provision of social support. The implications of these findings in a context where prison policy is becoming increasingly security-oriented and punitive are discussed
An educator framework for organizing Wikipedia editathons for computational biology
No full textMotivation: Wikipedia is a vital open educational resource in computational biology; however, a significant knowledge gap exists between English and non-English Wikipedias. Reducing this knowledge gap via intensive editing events, or "editathons," would be beneficial in reducing language barriers that disadvantage learners whose native language is not English. Results: We present a framework to guide educators in organizing editathons for learners to improve and create relevant Wikipedia articles. As a case study, we present the results of an editathon held at the 2024 ISCB Latin America conference, in which ten new articles were created for the Spanish-language edition of Wikipedia. We also present a web tool, "compbio-on-wiki," which identifies relevant English Wikipedia articles missing in other languages. We demonstrate the value of editathons to expand the accessibility and visibility of computational biology content in multiple languages. Availability and implementation: Source code for the compbio-on-wiki Toolforge site is available at: https://github.com/lubianat/compbio-on-wiki
Gendered interplay between socioeconomic position, urbanization and excess weight: a multilevel analysis in Spain
No full textIn a global context of increasingly urban populations, inequities, and obesity prevalence, the evidence about the joint influence of socioeconomic position (SEP), gender, and urbanization is crucial for defining effective and equitable actions. However, these relationships remain poorly understood in several countries, including Spain. We aim to evaluate the association between SEP and excess weight by gender and the interaction with the urbanization level of the place of residence among Spanish adults. This is a cross-sectional study with data on 20,331 individuals ≥ 18 years (52.1% women) from the third European Health Survey and the Living Conditions Survey for Spain (2020). SEP was proxied by individual education and household income, while urbanization was by the residential municipality size. We used gender-stratified Poisson mixed models to estimate Prevalence Rate Ratios of excess weight (Body Mass Index ≥ 25 kg/m2, based on self-reported weight and height) associated with individual SEP, including interactions with the urbanization level of the residential context. Low and medium educational levels are associated with higher prevalence of excess weight, stronger among women. Additionally, larger municipality size increases the individual SEP differences in excess weight among men: those of low education and income living in larger municipalities have higher prevalence of excess weight. Efforts to address excess weight should consider the interactions between SEP, gender, and urbanization, and include targeted interventions for more disadvantaged groups. Overall, our findings emphasize the need to develop more equity-oriented, context-specific, and gender-sensitive policy interventions to address the persistent epidemic of excess weight in Spain.This work was supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie [grant agreement N◦ 891025]
Encuesta nacional y elaboración de un documento de consenso sobre estrategias de dosificación de antibióticos beta-lactámicos frente a bacterias gramnegativas multirresistentes (BGN-MDR) en pacientes críticos sometidos a técnicas de soporte vital extracorpóreas: protocolo de estudio DOSEBL
No full textIntroducción: las infecciones por bacterias gramnegativas multirresistentes (BGN-MDR) en pacientes críticos requieren un tratamiento antibiótico precoz y apropiado, lo que puede suponer un reto en pacientes tratados con técnicas de soporte vital extracorpóreo, como las terapias de depuración renal y la circulación con membrana extracorpórea. El uso de estas técnicas puede comportar alteraciones farmacocinéticas adicionales, condicionando una exposición subóptima. El objetivo es describir las estrategias de dosificación y monitorización de los antibióticos ß-lactámicos activos frente a BGN-MDR en pacientes críticos tratados con técnicas de eliminación extracorpórea a nivel nacional y elaborar un documento consenso basado en la evidencia disponible. Métodos: el proyecto consta de 2 fases: I) la realización de una encuesta nacional y II) la elaboración de un documento de consenso. El desarrollo de este documento conforme la guía ACCORD comprenderá: a) la constitución de un panel de expertos multidisciplinar y multicéntrico, b) el registro prospectivo del proyecto de investigación, c) la síntesis de evidencia (guía PRISMA) y d) las rondas de consenso siguiendo la metodología Delphi modificada. Los antimicrobianos a incluir serán: meropenem, ceftazidima/avibactam, ceftolozano/tazobactam, cefiderocol, meropenem/vaborbactam, imipenem/relebactam y aztreonam. Las técnicas de soporte vital extracorpóreo consideradas serán: terapia de reemplazo renal continua, hemodiálisis intermitente convencional y oxigenación con membrana extracorpórea. Discusión: el número de indicaciones y centros que disponen de técnicas de soporte vital extracorpóreo ha aumentado considerablemente en los últimos años, así como los pacientes con infecciones por BGN-MDR, por lo que es crucial disponer de herramientas de calidad, basadas en la evidencia, que ayuden a armonizar las estrategias de dosificación y monitorización de los antibióticos ß-lactámicos activos frente a BGN-MDR en estos escenarios