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The Drosophila RNA binding protein Hrp48 binds a specific RNA sequence of the msl-2 mRNA 3' UTR to regulate translation
No full textRepression of msl-2 mRNA translation is essential for viability of Drosophila melanogaster females to prevent hypertranscription of both X chromosomes. This translational control event is coordinated by the female-specific protein Sex-lethal (Sxl) which recruits the RNA binding proteins Unr and Hrp48 to the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of the msl-2 transcript and represses translation initiation. The mechanism exerted by Hrp48 during translation repression and its interaction with msl-2 are not well understood. Here we investigate the RNA binding specificity and affinity of the tandem RNA recognition motifs of Hrp48. Using NMR spectroscopy, molecular dynamics simulations and isothermal titration calorimetry, we identified the exact region of msl-2 3' UTR recognized by Hrp48. Additional biophysical experiments and translation assays give further insights into complex formation of Hrp48, Unr, Sxl and RNA. Our results show that Hrp48 binds independent of Sxl and Unr downstream of the E and F binding sites of Sxl and Unr to msl-2.We thank the local contacts at DESY Hamburg PETRA-3 (P12 beamline) for support J.Š. and M.K. acknowledge support of the Czech Science Foundation (grant number 23-05639S). F.G. acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCIN) (grant PID2021-127948NB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER, UE) and the Catalan Agency for Research and Universities (SGR-Cat-2021-01215). J.H. gratefully acknowledges support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, HE 7291/5-1)
El principio de complementariedad y la falta de voluntad estatal: soberanía estatal, cooperación internacional y el desafío de la impunidad
No full textTreball de Fi de Grau en Dret. Curs 2024-2025Tutora: Nuria Pastor MuñozEl presente trabajo analiza críticamente el principio de complementariedad del Estatuto de Roma, exactamente el criterio de la falta de voluntad, evaluando su funcionamiento práctico a través del estudio de casos relevantes como el de Kenia y Sudán. A partir de este enfoque teórico y práctico, se examinan las dificultades persistentes para lograr la efectiva cooperación de los Estados Parte y los desafíos que enfrenta la CPI para perseguir crímenes internacionales cuando debe intervenir en aplicación del artículo 17 del Estatuto, debido aa la falta de voluntad estatal para investigar y juzgar. Este análisis revela que la Corte Penal Internacional, limitada por exigencias probatorias estrictas y una ausencia de mecanismos coercitivos eficaces, enfrenta grandes dificultades para contrarrestar la inacción estatal. En la investigación llevada a cabo se sostiene que el modelo actual de complementariedad no garantiza la lucha efectiva contra la impunidad y requiere reformas sustanciales. Para ello, se formulan diversas propuestas que incluyen la redefinición de la “voluntad genuina” del Estado, la creación de órganos independientes de evaluación y la imposición de consecuencias claras ante el incumplimiento. Por último, el trabajo concluye que, sin estas reformas, el principio de complementariedad corre el riesgo de convertirse en una herramienta simbólica sin capacidad real de lograr una efectiva persecución penal de los crímenes internacionales
Postmemory and photography in the catalan miniseries Tornarem (2011)
No full textTaking into account that photography is a privileged tool of memory transmission, the aim of this essay is to analyse the role of photography in some Spanish contemporary audiovisual narratives. As a case study, the article deals with the Catalan miniseries Tornarem (Felip Solé, TV3, 2011), which fictionalizes the experience of the exile of Catalan republicans after the Spanish Civil War and, more specifically, the experience of those who enrolled in the Leclerc Division and led a central role in the liberation of Paris in 1944. As it will be argued, photographs help evoke historical events in the miniseries, thus recalling what Marianne Hirsch has called' postmemory'. Along with photography, the (fictional) oral testimony of Garcia- the narrator and a character in Tornarem - fills in the blanks of memory of Maria, another fictional character who represents the point of view of the postgeneration. At the same time and appealing to emotions, the miniseries fills in the blanks of the collective memory of many Catalans who barely know the historical events lived through by republicans who fought for La Nueve against the Axis power
Essays in gender economics
No full textThe three chapters of this dissertation explore the intersection of gender dynamics
and economic outcomes. Chapter 1 examines the role of the early
spread of videogames in the U.S. on the gender gap in computer science.
The findings highlight the long-term impact of non-academic activities and
the unintended consequences of technological and cultural shifts on education
and career choices. Chapter 2 analyzes the long-term effects of
the Covid-19 lockdown on the allocation of paid and unpaid work within
households in Spain, showing a reduction in the gender gap in unpaid labor,
driven primarily by shifts in childcare responsibilities. These results
suggest that temporary shocks to household dynamics can lead to lasting
changes in gender roles. Chapter 3 investigates the relationship between legal
gender equality and children’s health and educational enrollment, finding
increases mainly at higher levels of education. The findings emphasize
the societal benefits of reforms to promote gender equality.Los tres capítulos de esta tesis exploran la intersección entre la dinámica de
género y los resultados económicos. El Capítulo 1 estudia el papel que tuvo
la temprana difusión de los videojuegos en Estados Unidos en la brecha de
género en la informática. Los resultados resaltan el impacto a largo plazo
de las actividades no académicas y las consecuencias no intencionadas de
los cambios tecnológicos y culturales en las decisiones educativas y profesionales.
El Capítulo 2 analiza los efectos a largo plazo del confinamiento
por Covid-19 en la distribución del trabajo remunerado y no remunerado
en los hogares en España, mostrando una reducción en la brecha de género
en el trabajo no remunerado, impulsada principalmente por cambios en las
responsabilidades del cuidado de los niños. Estos resultados sugieren que
los shocks temporales en la dinámica familiar pueden generar cambios duraderos
en los roles de género. El Capítulo 3 investiga la relación entre la
igualdad legal de género y la salud infantil y la educación, encontrando aumentos
principalmente en los niveles educativos superiores. Los hallazgos
subrayan los beneficios sociales de las reformas para promover la igualdad
de género.Els tres capítols d’aquesta tesi exploren la intersecció entre la dinàmica de
gènere i els resultats econòmics. El Capítol 1 estudia el paper que va tenir la
temprana difusió dels videojocs als Estats Units en la bretxa de gènere en informàtica.
Els resultats ressalten l’impacte a llarg termini de les activitats no
acadèmiques i les conseqüències no intencionades dels canvis tecnològics
i culturals en les decisions educatives i professionals. El Capítol 2 analitza
els efectes a llarg termini del confinament per la Covid-19 en la distribució
del treball remunerat i no remunerat a les llars d’Espanya, mostrant una
reducció en la bretxa de gènere en el treball no remunerat, impulsada principalment
per canvis en les responsabilitats de la cura dels nens. Aquests
resultats suggereixen que els xocs temporals en la dinàmica familiar poden
generar canvis duradors en els rols de gènere. El Capítol 3 investiga la
relació entre la igualtat legal de gènere i la salut infantil i l’educació, trobant
increments principalment en els nivells educatius superiors. Els resultats
subratllen els beneficis socials de les reformes per promoure la igualtat de
gènere.Programa de Doctorat en Economia, Finances i Empres
Machine learning-based clinical decision support system for suicide risk management: The PERMANENS project
No full textThe PERMANENS European project addresses the global public health challenge of self-harm and suicide by developing a machine learning-based Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) to assist emergency departments (EDs) in providing personalized care. With over 700,000 suicides annually, suicide prevention is critical, especially in Europe where consistent surveillance is lacking. The project harmonizes national suicide attempt registries from regions in Spain, Ireland, Norway, and Sweden using the OMOP Common Data Model (CDM) to create a comprehensive database for real-time analysis
Temporal change of outdoor RF-EMF levels in four European countries: a microenvironmental measurement study
No full textIntroduction: Over the past two decades, the amount of transmitted mobile data has increased rapidly. It is unknown whether the implementation of the new technologies enabling this has resulted in changes of outdoor radio-frequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) exposure. Therefore, microenvironmental measurements were used to investigate temporal trends in RF-EMF exposure between 2016 and 2023, in the Netherlands, Switzerland, Belgium and Spain, following a similar protocol across campaigns. Microenvironmental measurements refer to exposure measurements performed at predefined small areas that have been differentiated with a specific function in that particular area. This allowed us to compare exposure trends between countries and years. Methods: The data was collected as part of the ACCEDERA (2016-2018), ETAIN (2023), and GOLIAT (2023) projects, walking repeatedly the same routes with RF-EMF exposimeters. Identical microenvironments were identified in each country and measurements of the exposure from mobile base stations, mobile phones and the total exposure were compared across years. Results: Comparing measurements between 6 and 14 unique microenvironments in each country, our data did not suggest significant changes in the exposure from the mobile base station origin (total downlink exposure) between baseline measurements in 2016 to follow up and 2023 for the four countries. Across all countries and years the median values of the mobile base station exposure ranged from 0.11 mW/m2 (Switzerland, 2023) to 0.62 mW/m2 (Netherlands, 2018). There was no consistent trend in the individual microenvironments across the countries. Conclusions: Our measurements of RF-EMF outdoor exposure levels across included microenvironment groups do not indicate change in exposure levels between 2016 and 2023 despite an increase in mobile data traffic by a factor of 8 in Western Europe1.This project has received funding from the ETAIN project that is funded by the European Union's Horizon Europe research and Innovation program under grant agreement No. 101057216. This project has received funding from the GOLIAT project that is funded by from the European Union's Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 101057262. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the authors only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the Health and Digital Executive Agency. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them. We acknowledge support from the grant CEX2023-0001290-S funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, and support from the Generalitat de Catalunya through the CERCA Program. The Accedera project was funded by the National Research Program of the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), grant No 2015-2-RF-07.
The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript
The advantage of daughters in hypogamous families: parental heterogamy and educational outcomes among children of highly educated parents
No full textIncreasing female educational attainment across OECD countries is making hypogamy a widespread phenomenon. This trend provides an opportunity to re-examine the effects of educational assortative mating on children's educational outcomes. This research explores the effects of hypergamy, homogamy, and hypogamy on gender differences in children's expectation of university graduation and actual college graduation. For the first purpose, logistic regression with country fixed-effects is applied to individual-level data from PISA 2015; a similar analysis is carried out for the second purpose with data from the European Social Survey. Three characteristics make us expect higher female advantage among children of hypogamous couples: higher probability of mothers being the main family breadwinner; higher probability of gender value conflict, eventually leading to family breakup and the father's absence; and the possibility that the father's occupation discourages sons from pursuing higher education. A systematic female advantage is indeed found among children of hypogamous couples in terms of expectation of college graduation and actual college graduation. Among the possible mechanisms behind this female advantage, only the father's and the mother's occupation could be explored with the data at hand, but none of them explain this advantage.This research was carried out with the financial support of the Spanish Agency of Research (Agencia Estatal de Investigación, AEI), project number: FFI2016-CSO2016-80399-R (AEI/FEDER, EU); Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Spanish Research Agency)
Verbal borrowings in Russian social media: a diachronic corpus study
No full textTreball de fi de màster en Lingüística Teòrica i AplicadaDirectores: : Dra. Gemma Boleda Torrent i Dra. Iria de Dios FloresThis study examines the adaptation of English-derived verbal concepts related to social media in Russian, focusing on their orthographic, morphological, and semantic integration within online discourse. Based on a diachronic corpus of over 41,000 tweets from 2013 to 2024, the analysis employs computational tools to explore 21 English source concepts, such as ‘to post’, ‘to like’, and ‘to follow’, and their Russian equivalents. The findings reveal that while borrowed forms exhibit greater lemma diversity, their usage frequencies are comparable to those of translated variants. Morphological adaptation shows a growing preference for the
suffix -ну- in the formation of perfective verbs. The most fully integrated borrowings display a wide range of meaningful affixal variants. Furthermore, the choice and integration of verbal concepts are influenced by a combination of semantic, social, and platform-specific factors, including users’ prior experience with other social media interfaces. These findings underscore social media as a dynamic environment for lexical innovation in Russian
The role of conflict in perception: case studies in binocular rivalry, cinema and flavour
No full textOur everyday perception of the world is remarkably unambiguous, considering that it stems from a
multitude of ambiguous sensory signals. This feat is believed to be achieved by a set of perceptual and
cognitive mechanisms that actively work to ensure coherence across a variety of perceptual states. In this
thesis, I argue that mechanisms of conflict monitoring and resolution are engaged to stifle conflicts in
perceptual inputs and deploy strategic adjustments in attention to resolve the conflict in the most appropriate
way. I provide evidence for such dynamics across two perceptual scenarios: binocular rivalry (Chapter I,
one EEG experiment) and cinema (Chapter II, one EEG experiment and one behavioural experiment) and
hypothesise they may extend to flavour perception (Chapter III, a theoretical proposal). Overall, I suggest
that conflict mechanisms may be as consequent for guiding internal perceptual processes as they are for
guiding overt behaviour.Notre perception quotidienne du monde est remarquablement sans ambiguïté, étant donné qu'elle découle
d'une multitude de signaux sensoriels ambigus. Cet exploit est réalisé grâce à un ensemble de mécanismes
perceptuels et cognitifs qui travaillent activement pour conférer une impression de cohérence à une variété
de scenarios en perception. Dans cette thèse, je soutiens que des mécanismes cognitifs spécialisés sont
engagés pour détecter de potentiels conflits entre signaux sensoriels et déployer des ajustements de
l'attention pour résoudre le conflit de la manière la plus appropriée. Je fournis des preuves d'une telle
dynamique à travers deux scénarios perceptuels : la rivalité binoculaire (Chapitre I, une expérience EEG)
et le cinéma (Chapitre II, une expérience EEG et une expérience comportementale) et j'émets l'hypothèse
qu'elle pourrait s'étendre à la perception des saveurs (Chapitre III, une proposition théorique). Dans
l'ensemble, je soutiens que les mécanismes de conflit pourraient être aussi importants pour les processus
internes de perception que pour guider le comportement manifeste.Programa de Doctorat en Tecnologies de la Informació i les Comunicacion
Estimating the burden of common mental disorders attributable to lifestyle factors: Protocol for the Global Burden of Disease Lifestyle and Mental Disorder (GLAD) Project
No full textBackground: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) collects and calculates risk-outcome data for modifiable lifestyle exposures (eg, dietary intake) and physical health outcomes (eg, cancers). These estimates form a critical digital resource tool, the GBD VizHub data visualization tool, for governments and policy makers to guide local, regional, and global health decisions. Despite evidence showing the contributions of lifestyle exposures to common mental disorders (CMDs), such as depression and anxiety, GBD does not currently generate these lifestyle exposure-mental disorder outcome pairings. This gap is due to a lack of uniformly collected and analyzed data about these exposures as they relate to CMDs. Such data are required to quantify whether, and to what degree, the global burden of CMDs could be reduced by targeting lifestyle factors at regional and global levels. We have established the Global burden of disease Lifestyle And mental Disorder (GLAD) Taskforce to address this gap. Objective: This study aims to generate the necessary estimates to afford the inclusion of lifestyle exposures as risk factors for CMDs in the GBD study and the GBD digital visualization tools, initially focusing on the relationship between dietary intake and CMDs. Methods: The GLAD project is a multicenter, collaborative effort to integrate lifestyle exposures as risk factors for CMDs in the GBD study. To achieve this aim, global epidemiological studies will be recruited to conduct harmonized data analyses estimating the risk, odds, or hazards of lifestyle exposures with CMD outcomes. Initially, these models will focus on the relationship between dietary intake, as defined by the GBD, and anxiety and depression. Results: As of August 2024, 18 longitudinal cohort studies from 9 countries (Australia: n=4; Brazil: n=1; France: n=1; Italy: n=3; The Netherlands: n=3; New Zealand: n=1; South Africa: n=1; Spain: n=1; and United Kingdom: n=3) have agreed to participate in the GLAD project. Conclusions: Our comprehensive, collaborative approach allows for the concurrent execution of a harmonized statistical analysis protocol across multiple, internationally renowned epidemiological cohorts. These results will be used to inform the GBD study and incorporate lifestyle risk factors for CMD in the GBD digital platform. Consequently, given the worldwide influence of the GBD study, findings from the GLAD project can offer valuable insights to policy makers worldwide around lifestyle-based mental health care.International registered report identifier (irrid): DERR1-10.2196/65576