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China y los nobel de economía 2025: de la Ilustración a Shenzhen: la convergencia que cambia el mundo
No full textEl clític en: un o dos clítics?
No full textTutor: Àlex AlsinaTreball de fi de grau en Llengües AplicadesEls clítics són un objecte d’estudi que presenta molt d’interès per les característiques fonètiques, morfològiques i sintàctiques que els identifiquen. Aquest treball se centra en el clític català en i l’objectiu és descriure i analitzar el comportament d’aquesta partícula. Tot i que les principals gramàtiques exposen les característiques sintàctiques d’en i se’n suggereixen dues funcions principals —la partitiva i la genitiva—, no hi ha estudis previs que considerin la hipòtesi que en pugui ser la forma coincident de dos clítics diferents. Amb l’objectiu de comprovar aquesta hipòtesi, s’ha distribuït una enquesta de producció que té en compte les particularitats tant de l’en partitiu com de l’en genitiu entre parlants de diferents graus d’ús de la llengua. Gràcies als resultats obtinguts, s’ha observat que el clític objecte d’estudi s’empra amb més freqüència quan correspon a la funció partitiva que a la genitiva, indici favorable a la hipòtesi d’aquest estudi. A més, s’ha conclòs que l’en genitiu semànticament partitiu es comporta de manera més semblant al clític partitiu que al genitiu. Per tot això, aquest treball proporciona un nou enfocament del clític en i sobre una possible nova via de recerca en l’àmbit de la lingüística i la sintaxi catalana.Los clíticos son un objeto de estudio que despierta mucho interés debido a las características fonéticas, morfológicas y sintácticas que los identifican. Este trabajo se centra en el clítico catalán en y el objetivo es describir y analizar el comportamiento de dicha partícula. Aunque las principales gramáticas exponen las características sintácticas de en y se sugieren dos funciones principales —la partitiva i la genitiva—, no hay estudios previos que consideren la hipótesis de que en pueda ser la forma coincidente de dos clíticos diferentes. Con el objetivo de comprobar esta hipótesis, se ha distribuido una
encuesta de producción que tiene en cuenta las particularidades tanto del en partitivo como del en genitivo entre hablantes de diferentes grados de uso de la lengua. Gracias a los resultados obtenidos, se ha observado que el clítico objeto de estudio se utiliza con más frecuencia cuando corresponde a la función partitiva que a la genitiva, indicio favorable a la hipótesis de este estudio. Además, se ha concluido que el en genitivo semánticamente partitivo se comporta de manera más similar al clítico partitivo que al genitivo. Por todo esto, este trabajo proporciona un nuevo enfoque del clítico en y abre
una posible nueva vía de investigación en el ámbito de la lingüística y la sintaxis catalana.Clitics are a subject of study that arouses much interest due to the phonetic, morphological and syntactic traits that identify them. This paper is focused on the Catalan clitic en and the aim is to describe and analyse the behaviour of this particle. Although Catalan grammars explain en’s syntactic features and suggest two main functions —the partitive and the genitive—, there are no previous studies that consider the hypothesis that en may be the coinciding form of two different clitics. In order to test this hypothesis, a production survey that takes into account the particularities of both partitive and genitive en has been distributed among speakers with varying language usage degree. Thanks to the results obtained, it was observed that the clitic under study is used more frequently when it
accomplishes the partitive function than the genitive one, which supports the hypothesis of this study. Moreover, it was concluded that the genitive en with partitive meaning behaves more similarly to the partitive clitic that to the genitive. For all these reasons, this work provides a new approach about the clitic en and opens a possible new line of research in the field of Catalan linguistics and syntax
Peptide-based multiepitopic vaccine platforms via click reactions
No full textMultimeric antigen display and high overall valency are increasingly regarded as strategic goals for potent and broadly efficacious synthetic vaccines with potential market prospects. Herein, a modular and versatile approach to multifunctional peptide-based vaccine platforms at multimilligram scale in reasonable yields is reported. Preparation of chemoselectively modified peptide building blocks of medium-to-large size, conjugation of these subunits, and final assembly were achieved by a combination of Michael-type thiol-ene addition and copper(I)-mediated alkyne-azide cycloaddition. The size and structural complexity of the building blocks required exploration of a further level of orthogonality, namely furan/maleimide Diels-Alder chemistry. After process optimization, a finely tuned, stepwise click approach has emerged as a workable, on-demand strategy to create macromolecular therapeutic vaccine assemblies.The study was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) grants AGL2013-48923-C2 and AGL2017-84097-C2-2-R (to D.A.) as well as the MINECO "María de Maeztu" Program for Units of Excellence in R&D
Incidence and risk factors of peripheral arterial occlusive disease in a prospective cohort of 700 adult elderly men followed for 5 years
No full textObjective: This study was designed to assess the incidence of peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) in a population-based cohort of men aged 55-74 years and to establish a predictive function based on risk factors for the disease. Methods: This was a prospective study of 699 men representative of an urban population. Cardiovascular risk factors, history of cardiovascular events, and ankle-brachial index (ABI) at baseline and at 5 years were measured. PAOD was defined as a confirmed ABI <0.9. Results: A total of 468 (67%) subjects could be evaluated at 5 years. In the remaining 233 subjects, 94 had PAOD at baseline, 66 died during the study, and 73 were lost to follow-up. At the end of the 5-year study period, 56 (12%) subjects developed PAOD (21.4% ABI <0.6, 78.6% ABI between 0.61 and 0.9). Independent predictors for PAOD were age older than 70 years at baseline (odds ratio [OR] 2.5, P = 0.004), smoking history more than 40 pack-year (OR = 2.27, P = 0.007), history of cerebrovascular disease (OR = 3.49, P = 0.02), and symptomatic coronary disease (OR = 3.36, P = 0.004). The 5-year incidence of PAOD was 22.4% for subjects older than 70 years, 21.5% for heavy smokers, 29.4% for those with previous cerebrovascular events, and 25% for subjects with ischemic heart disease. The risk for PAOD in subjects without risk factors was 6%. Conclusions: Twelve percent of adult men aged between aged 55 and 74 years developed PAOD during a follow-up of 5 years. Besides subjects with history of cardiovascular disease, men older than aged 70 years and heavy smokers constituted a high-risk group for PAOD and, therefore, the object of directed efforts of primary prevention
Predicting immunotherapy response of advanced bladder cancer through a meta-analysis of six independent cohorts
No full textAdvanced bladder cancer patients show very variable responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and effective strategies to predict response are still lacking. Here we integrate mutation and gene expression data from 707 advanced bladder cancer patients treated with anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 to build highly accurate predictive models. We find that, in addition to tumor mutational burden (TMB), enrichment in the APOBEC mutational signature, and the abundance of pro-inflammatory macrophages, are major factors associated with the response. Paradoxically, patients with high immune infiltration do not show an overall better response. We show that this can be explained by the activation of immune suppressive mechanisms in a large portion of these patients. In the case of non-immune-infiltrated cancer subtypes, we uncover specific variables likely to be involved in the response. Our findings provide information for advancing precision medicine in patients with advanced bladder cancer treated with immunotherapy.The work was supported by the following grants and agencies: 1. Research project PID2019-105595GB-I00 (R.C.) funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and PID2021-122726NB-I00 (MMA) funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF: A way of making Europe”, by the “European Union”; 2. Project PI22/00171 (J.B.), funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and co-funded by the European Union ; 3. 2021SGR00042 by Generalitat de Catalunya (MMA); 4. Ayudas Fundación BBVA a Proyectos de Investigación Científica en Biomedicina 2021 (MMA). LMB is funded by an INPhINIT PhD fellowship from “la Caixa” Foundation (ID 100010434), under the agreement LCF/BQ/DI21/11860060
La Divina comèdia de Josep Maria de Sagarra el context històric i la traducció
No full textLa traducció de la Divina comèdia de Josep Maria de Sagarra (publicada parcialment a La Veu
de Catalunya entre 1935 i 1936, i sencera en edició de bibliòfil entre 1947 i 1951) es considera
una fita en la història de la literatura catalana perquè Sagarra és l’únic traductor, després del
medieval Andreu Febrer, capaç de produir una traducció completa i de qualitat, bastida
segons les exigències literàries de l’època, de l’obra cabdal de Dante Alighieri. Des del punt
de vista traductològic, aquest text és interessant, d’una banda, perquè s’han conservat dues
versions dels primers vint-i-vuit cants del poema, en les quals el traductor no segueix els
mateixos criteris; i, d’altra banda, perquè Sagarra valora i justifica certes solucions seves a les
postil·les que acompanyen cada cant. Aquesta recerca ajuda a tenir una visió més completa
de la traducció i del seu funcionament en la cultura receptora, així com una comprensió més
profunda de l’escriptor-traductor, perquè la situa exactament en el context històric en què va
ser publicada i n’estudia les característiques textuals.
Des del punt de vista contextual, en aquest treball es descriu en termes generals la carrera
literària de Josep Maria de Sagarra com a traductor i s’estudien les traduccions de la Divina
comèdia anteriors a la sagarriana (d’Antoni Bulbena, Antoni d’Espona, Narcís Verdaguer i
Callís i Llorenç de Balanzó). A més, se situa d’una manera exacta la publicació de la traducció,
descrivint la relació entre el traductor i els agents culturals —especialment la relació amb el
mecenes Francesc Cambó, i la correcció que va fer-ne Joan Baptista Solervicens— i
resseguint la recepció que va tenir a l’època, ja sigui en forma d’article periodístic, lectura en
veu alta, presentació pública o distribució de l’edició. Des del punt de vista textual,
s’identifiquen les fonts —edicions del text, comentaris i traduccions— de les quals parteix
Sagarra i es recullen les valoracions que fa, ja sigui del text original com de la seva traducció.
Finalment, a partir de la comparació de les dues versions que es conserven, es fa un estudi
de la versificació i del grau de seguiment de la normativa fabriana, i, comparant la traducció
amb el text original, se’n donen les característiques principals a partir de les solucions més
recurrents en el text.La traduzione della Divina commedia di Josep Maria de Sagarra (pubblicata in parte in La Veu
de Catalunya tra il 1935 e il 1936, e integralmente in un’edizione per bibliofili tra il 1947 e il
1951) è considerata una pietra miliare nella storia della letteratura catalana perché Sagarra è
l’unico traduttore, dopo Andreu Febrer, in grado di realizzare una traduzione completa e di
qualità, strutturata secondo le esigenze letterarie dell’epoca, del capolavoro di Dante
Alighieri. Dal punto di vista traduttologico, questo testo è interessante, da un lato, perché si
sono conservate due versioni per i primi ventotto canti del poema, in cui il traduttore non
segue gli stessi criteri; dall’altro, perché Sagarra valuta e giustifica alcune sue soluzioni nelle
postille che accompagnano ciascun canto. La presente ricerca aiuta ad avere una visione più
completa della traduzione e del suo funzionamento nella cultura ricevente, nonché una
comprensione più profonda dello scrittore-traduttore, poiché la colloca esattamente nel
contesto storico in cui è stata pubblicata e ne studia le caratteristiche testuali.
Da un punto di vista contestuale, questo lavoro descrive in termini generali la carriera
letteraria di Josep Maria de Sagarra come traduttore e studia le traduzioni della Divina commedia
anteriori a quella sagarriana (di Antoni d’Espona, Narcís Verdaguer i Callís e Llorenç de
Balanzó). Inoltre, permette di situare con precisione la pubblicazione della traduzione,
descrivendo il rapporto tra il traduttore e gli agenti culturali — in particolare il rapporto con
il mecenate Francesc Cambó e la correzione effettuata da Joan Baptista Solervicens — e
ripercorrendo l’accoglienza ricevuta all’epoca, sotto forma di articolo di giornale, lettura ad
alta voce, presentazione pubblica o distribuzione dell’edizione. Dal punto di vista testuale,
vengono identificate le fonti — edizioni del testo, commenti e traduzioni — da cui Sagarra
attinge e vengono raccolte le sue valutazioni, sia del testo originale che della sua stessa
traduzione. Infine, sulla base del confronto tra le due versioni pervenute, vengono studiati la
versificazione e il grado di rispetto delle norme di Fabra; e in base al confronto fra la
traduzione e il testo originale, vengono riportate le principali caratteristiche della traduzione
partendo dalle soluzioni più ricorrenti nel testo.La traducción de la Divina comedia de Josep Maria de Sagarra (publicada parcialmente en La
Veu de Catalunya entre 1935 y 1936, e íntegramente en edición de bibliófilo entre 1947 y 1951)
se considera un hito en la historia de la literatura catalana porque Sagarra es el único
traductor, después del medieval Andreu Febrer, capaz de producir una traducción completa
y de calidad, construida según las exigencias literarias de la época, de la obra principal de
Dante Alighieri. Desde el punto de vista traductológico, este texto es interesante, por un
lado, porque se han conservado dos versiones de los primeros veintiocho cantos del poema,
en las que el traductor no sigue los mismos criterios; y, por otra parte, porque Sagarra valora
y justifica ciertas soluciones de su texto en las postilas que acompañan cada canto. Esta
investigación ayuda a tener una visión más completa de la traducción y de su funcionamiento
en la cultura receptora, así como una comprensión más profunda del escritor-traductor,
porque la sitúa exactamente en el contexto histórico en el que fue publicada y estudia sus
características textuales.
Desde el punto de vista contextual, en este trabajo se describe en términos generales la
carrera literaria de Josep Maria de Sagarra como traductor y se estudian las traducciones de
la Divina comedia anteriores a la suya (de Antoni Bulbena, Antoni d’Espona, Narcís Verdaguer
i Callís y Llorenç de Balanzó). Además, se sitúa de una forma exacta la publicación de la
traducción, describiendo la relación entre el traductor y los agentes culturales
—especialmente la relación con el mecenas Francesc Cambó, y la corrección que le hizo Joan
Baptista Solervicens— y recorriendo la recepción que tuvo en la época, ya sea en forma de
artículo periodístico, lectura en voz alta, presentación pública o distribución de la edición.
Desde el punto de vista textual, se identifican las fuentes —ediciones del texto, comentarios
y traducciones— de las que parte Sagarra y se recogen sus valoraciones sobre texto original
y sobre su traducción. Finalmente, a partir de la comparación de las dos versiones que se
conservan, se hace un estudio de la versificación y del grado de seguimiento de la normativa
fabriana, y, comparando la traducción con el texto original, se dan las características
principales a partir de las soluciones más recurrentes en el texto.Josep Maria de Segarra’s translation of the Divine Comedy (partially published in La Veu de
Catalunya from 1935 and 1936 and totally printed in a limited edition from 1947 and 1951) is
considered a historical milestone in the Catalan literature. Not only is Sagarra a unique
translator who is able to produce a complete and well-developed translation of Dante
Alighieri’s masterpiece (after medieval poet Andreu Febrer), but he is also able to take into
account the different literary thoroughness from Dante’s period. From a translational point
of view, this is an interesting text for two main reasons: on the one hand, because the two
versions from the first twenty-eight canti of the poem are maintained but the translator does
not follow the same criteria and, on the other, because Sagarra values and judges different
solutions to the commentary notes in each canto. The forthcoming research aims at having a
more accurate translation and at considering its use in the target culture. It also focuses on a
deeper analysis of the writer-translator, since it is exactly placed in the historical context in
which it was published and its textual features are analysed in detail.
From a contextual viewpoint, this study describes Josep Maria de Sagarra’s literary career
as a translator and it also tackles different translations of the Divine Comedy previous to Sagarra
(the ones from Antoni Bulbena, Antoni d’Espona, Narcís Verdaguer i Callís and Llorenç de
Balanzó). Furthermore, the forthcoming work deals with the exact setting the translation was
actually published and it also describes the relationship between the translator and his cultural
brokers—especially his patron connection with Francesc Cambó and the stylistic and spelling
proofread Joan Baptista Solervicens gave Sagarra from his translation. Finally, the research
traces the reception it had at the time, either in the form of a newspaper article, reading it
aloud, public presentations or delivering the edition. From a textual perspective, the
upcoming work aims at identifying the different sources, such as text editions, commentaries
on it and other translations, from which Sagarra starts to translate the Divine Comedy and at
collecting his judgments about it, either the original text or his translation. Finally, after
comparing both versions from the Divine Comedy which are preserved, a study is carried out
in order to check the versification and the way Fabra’s language standardization is applied to
Sagarra’s translation. Apart from that, it also compares Sagarra’s translation to the original
text and the main features are provided based on the most recurring strategies throughout
the text.Programa de Doctorat en Traducció i Ciències del Llenguatg
Designing a regional cabinet: how the economic context, political fragmentation and polarization shape cabinet size
No full textThis article aims at studying the effect of the state of the economy and the characteristics of the party supply in Parliament on regional cabinet size. We complement previous literature on the characteristics of governments and analyse whether the magnitude of the cabinet varies as a function of the state of the economy, the number of opposition parties and the level of party polarization for the opposition parties. Results show that better economic conditions and a larger number of opposition political parties in parliament are associated with a larger number of portfolios. Ideological polarization of the parties in the legislature does not seem to have an influence when designing the cabinet structure. Findings also show that the effect of the economic conditions is not equal for all cabinets: cabinets with less political constraints (majority status or fewer opposition parties) will be more sensitive to economic vicissitudes. This article, therefore, highlights how the parliamentary scenario and the economic context significantly influence the decisions on how to form or reshuffle a cabinet
Predictive biophysical neural network modeling of a compendium of in vivo transcription factor DNA binding profiles for Escherichia coli
No full textThe DNA binding of most Escherichia coli Transcription Factors (TFs) has not been comprehensively mapped, and few have models that can quantitatively predict binding affinity. We report the global mapping of in vivo DNA binding for 139 E. coli TFs using ChIP-Seq. We use these data to train BoltzNet, a novel neural network that predicts TF binding energy from DNA sequence. BoltzNet mirrors a quantitative biophysical model and provides directly interpretable predictions genome-wide at nucleotide resolution. We use BoltzNet to quantitatively design novel binding sites, which we validate with biophysical experiments on purified protein. We generate models for 124 TFs that provide insight into global features of TF binding, including clustering of sites, the role of accessory bases, the relevance of weak sites, and the background affinity of the genome. Our paper provides new paradigms for studying TF-DNA binding and for the development of biophysically motivated neural networks
Thinking with Amazonian indigenous peoples to expand ideas on domestication
No full textIncludes supplementary materials for the online appendix.Indigenous knowledges are being increasingly recognized as fundamental for environmental governance, ecosystem management and biodiversity conservation. However, they tend to be recognized by Western science only when they converge with Western scientific knowledge, while ontological differences are generally treated as irrelevant or unreasonable beliefs. Given this scenario, embracing difference as a productive and fundamental aspect to truly understand these epistemologies is crucial to advance fair and symmetrical epistemological dialogues.
Current domestication models are key to interpreting human-plant-animal-landscape entanglements. However, they have been criticized in the Amazonian context for remaining steeped in the Western logic of human control over nature and for neglecting local worldviews, which do not assume a dichotomy between nature and culture. In light of this, we propose a thought-provoking exercise that aims to broaden ideas on domestication as inspired by Indigenous worldviews. We integrate insights derived from Amazonian Indigenous knowledge systems to construct a conceptual model of domestication. We then engage the synthesis resulting from this approach with concepts and theories from ecology and anthropology.
In our model, plants, animals, supernatural beings and humans care for, manage and cultivate their domains. Since, according to Indigenous ontologies, all these beings have agency, intentionality, and human qualities, they all share the status of domesticators in our model. The outcome of the combined actions of these beings is an entirely socialized forest, formed by a mosaic of domūs of both humans and non-humans. Thus, in our model, the forest is fully domesticated by the action of a multiplicity of beings, who possess symmetrical agencies and are constantly interacting socially.
By following the reflective path constructed in our approach, we invite the reader to 'think with' Indigenous Peoples. Instigated by this framework, we suggest directions to broaden conventional ecological approaches used for studying socio-ecological systems and promote conservation. We hope to inspire the creativity of current ecological research dynamics to design investigations that go beyond the anthropocentric perspective and the nature/culture dichotomy
Past, present and future of small-pelagic fisheries in the north-western Mediterranean Sea through fishers’ perceptions
No full textIncludes supplementary materials for the online appendix.Fisheries have transformed significantly in recent decades, and further changes are anticipated to address pressing environmental and social challenges. In this context, there is an urgent need to implement science-based public policies that incorporate local knowledge. It is necessary to better assess fishers’ perceptions, including both historical (e.g., perceived changes of abundance of species) and future (e.g., views on potential future changes) perspectives. In this paper, we focus on a case study of small-pelagic fisheries in the Spanish northwestern Mediterranean Sea, using semi-structured interviews, graphical analysis, and a Q-methodology. Based in the information obtained from all the active purse seiners vessels in Castelló de la Plana, the most important Spanish Mediterranean small pelagic purse seine harbour, we show how these methodologies are useful for gathering fisher’s knowledge regarding historical biomass trends for small pelagic and accompanying species over the last six decades, contributing valuable information on periods where no scientific assessments were available. When looking towards the future, Q-methodology reveals three fisher discourses regarding how to ensure the future sustainability of fisheries: (i) "We don’t need more subsidies we need more fish," (ii) "We need more public support for fishing," and (iii) "The future of the fishery it’s not in our hands". These three perspectives highlight internal disagreements about what should be the priorities for implementing public policies. However, results also show consensus that the implementation of adaptive management measures can be of common interest, and that bottom trawling activities should avoid juveniles and spawning ground of small pelagic fish.This study is a contribution to SEINE-ETP project (Ocean Stewardship Fund MAVA Grant). VS is supported by a “Ramón y Cajal” research fellowships (RYC2021-033065-I) granted by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. The authors acknowledge partial funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 grant agreement No 101059877 (GES4SEAS). This work acknowledges institutional support of the “Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence” accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S) to the Institute of Marine Science (ICMCSIC)