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Apuntes de Comunicación & Política: 1. La comunicación política como comunicación estratégica.
No full textEste texto parte de unos apuntes de la asignatura Políticas de comunicación (y comunicación política) impartida durante algunos cursos en la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y de la Comunicación de la Universidad del País Vasco-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, en la licenciatura en Periodismo. Ha sido revisado y actualizado en 2025
Photos requests in surveys: comparing in-the-moment and conventional approaches
No full textRecent technological advancements have introduced innovative approaches to survey data collection, including replacing traditional questions with visual data and intercepting respondents in real time based on their geolocation. This study evaluates the effectiveness of combining these methods. During the summer of 2024, members from the Netquest geolocated panel in Spain were invited to take part in an “in-the-moment” survey 1 hour after GPS data detected their visit to mainland beaches. Around 450 panellists completed the survey either while still on-site or shortly afterward (post-visit). Participants were asked to upload photos of the beach and sunscreen used. Separately, a similarly sized sample of beach visitors during the same period completed a conventional (retrospective) survey, providing equivalent information. Levels of participation, as well as the quantity and quality of information, were compared across on-site, post-visit, and conventional participants. On-site participants exhibited the highest levels of participation, particularly for uploading beach photos, likely due to the immediate availability of relevant images. However, overall participation remained low, especially for sunscreen photos, where on-site participants notably experienced comprehension issues with the instructions. The quantity and quality of information were similar across groups, but metadata discrepancies (e.g., mismatched photo capture dates) were significantly lower among on-site and post-visit participants, highlighting the benefits of closer temporal proximity to the event. Notably, many participants across all groups shared identifiable personal information (e.g., faces of individuals), despite being instructed to avoid doing so, emphasising the need for researchers to ensure proper handling of such data. Contextual factors, such as survey timing and design, had a greater impact on participation and data quality than demographic or behavioural traits. These findings underscore the potential of in-the-moment surveys for collecting accurate, event-specific visual data, while emphasising the need for user-friendly interfaces and robust privacy safeguards.This project received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No. 849165)
Unveiling the evolutionary history of european vipers and their venoms from a multi-omic approach
No full textData de publicació electrònica: 12-07-2025Snake genomes attract significant attention from multiple disciplines, including medicine, drug bioprospection, and evolutionary biology. However, genomic research within the Viperidae family has mostly focused on the subfamily Crotalinae, while the true vipers (Viperinae) have largely been overlooked. European vipers (Vipera) have been the subject of extensive research due to their phylogeographic and ecological diversification, as well as their venoms. Nevertheless, phylogeography and systematics in this genus have primarily relied on biased information from mitochondrial genes, which fail to capture the likely effects of introgression and are prone to biases. On the other hand, venom research in this group has been conducted predominantly through proteomics alone. In this study, we generated chromosome-level genome assemblies for three Vipera species and whole-genome sequencing data for 94 samples representing 15 Vipera lineages. This comprehensive dataset allowed us to disentangle the phylogenomic relationships of this genus, affected by mito-nuclear discordance and pervaded by ancestral introgression. Population-level analyses in the Iberian Peninsula, where the three oldest lineages within Vipera meet, revealed signals of recent adaptive introgression between old-diverged and ecologically dissimilar species, whereas chromosomal rearrangements isolate species occupying similar niches. Finally, using transcriptomic and proteomic data, we characterised the Vipera toxin-encoding genes, in which opposing selective forces were unveiled as common drivers of the evolution of venom as an integrated phenotype
Evaluación del valor pronóstico de la ecografía pulmonar en el infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del ST (LUS-AMI)
No full textLa insuficiencia cardíaca (IC) es un factor pronóstico crucial en pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del ST (IAMEST). La ecografía pulmonar es una técnica ampliamente estudiada en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca (IC), pero apenas estudiada en pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio. Este estudio prospectivo multicéntrico evaluó el papel de la ecografía pulmonar (EP), realizada al ingreso, como indicador pronóstico en pacientes con IAMEST. La presencia de líneas B se asoció con un mayor riesgo de eventos adversos intrahospitalarios, a 30 días y a un año. La incorporación de la EP mejoró la capacidad predictiva de las escalas de riesgo Zwolle y GRACE. Además, se desarrolló la escala Killip pLUS, y se evaluó su capacidad de predicción de mortalidad intrahospitalaria y eventos a un año respecto a otras escalas. La EP demostró ser una útil para optimizar la estratificación pronóstica en el IAMEST.Heart failure (HF) is a crucial prognostic factor in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Lung ultrasound (LUS) is a well-studied technique in HF patients but has been scarcely explored in those with acute myocardial infarction. This multicenter prospective study evaluated the role of LUS, performed within the first 24 hours of admission, as a prognostic indicator in STEMI patients. A total of 373 patients were included, showing that the presence of B-lines is associated with a higher risk of adverse in-hospital events, as well as at 30 days and one year. The incorporation of LUS improved the predictive capacity of the Zwolle and GRACE risk scores. Furthermore, the Killip pLUS scale was developed and its ability to predict in-hospital mortality and one-year events was assessed compared to other scales. LUS proved to be a feasible, reproducible, and cost-effective technique, valuable for optimizing prognostic stratification.Programa de Doctorat en Biomedicin
Bayesian discrepancy measure: higher-order and skewed approximations
No full textThe aim of this paper is to discuss both higher-order asymptotic expansions and skewed approximations for the Bayesian discrepancy measure used in testing precise statistical hypotheses. In particular, we derive results on third-order asymptotic approximations and skewed approximations for univariate posterior distributions, including cases with nuisance parameters, demonstrating improved accuracy in capturing posterior shape with little additional computational cost over simple first-order approximations. For third-order approximations, connections to frequentist inference via matching priors are highlighted. Moreover, the definition of the Bayesian discrepancy measure and the proposed methodology are extended to the multivariate setting, employing tractable skew-normal posterior approximations obtained via derivative matching at the mode. Accurate multivariate approximations for the Bayesian discrepancy measure are then derived by defining credible regions based on an optimal transport map that transforms the skew-normal approximation to a standard multivariate normal distribution. The performance and practical benefits of these higher-order and skewed approximations are illustrated through two examples.Elena Bortolato acknowledges funding from the European Union under the ERC grant project number 864863
Deliberative judicial review
No full textStrong constitutionalism usually conceives rights as instruments for protecting people. The problem with this conception is that it generates legal alienation, since it views people as passive recipients of protection, which is an exclusive matter for the state and, ultimately, for judicial review. In contrast, deliberative constitutionalism gives people an active role in deliberating about rights, among themselves as well as between them and the state. However, despite the development of deliberative constitutionalism, it is not yet clear what this view of rights requires of judicial review. Accordingly, this contribution to the Federal Law Review¿s symposium issue on deliberative rights theory argues for deliberative judicial review, which is a form of judicial review that, by respecting and promoting democratic deliberation, offers better protection of rights, as well as greater impartiality and legitimacy. In support of this argument, the article first makes explicit that the guide that should orient judicial review is not deference or activism but rather democratic deliberation. Next it states that, from this guide, a form of judicial review should be inferred that is not merely substantial or merely procedural, but rather semiprocedural. It then argues that, notwithstanding contextual turns, weak constitutionalism combined with channels of social dialogue offers a better institutional basis for deliberative judicial review than strong constitutionalism. Lastly, it concludes that deliberative judicial review respects and contributes to articulating rights without legal alienation, i.e. through dialogue among all potentially affected persons
La crisis europea de la política: pluralismo etno-religioso y el auge del populismo y la extrema derecha en Europa
No full textNo genera mucha polémica sostener que la crisis económica del 2008 puede entenderse como un fracaso de los estados de bienestar europeos. Tanto el incremento de las desigualdades económicas parcialmente motivadas por esta crisis global, como el aumento de los flujos migratorios, han contribuido a crear un caldo de cultivo para el auge de los discursos de odio racial, religioso e ideológico en occidente. Sin embargo, haciendo la comparación con periodos históricos previos en los que surgieron tensiones equiparables, la ciudadanía de hoy en día puede canalizar sus intereses, necesidades, emociones, pensamientos e ideales políticos a través de las instituciones que conforman la estructura básica del estado. Así, la ciudadanía puede empoderarse canalizando sus reivindicaciones a través de mecanismos democráticos y distintas formas de participación política. Como ejemplo, una articulación relevante han sido las nuevas expresiones de populismo radical, nativismo e ideologías de extrema derecha que han surgido en varios niveles de la esfera pública y en distintas sociedades europeas. Esta combinación ha hecho que lo que era en un principio una crisis económica y de refugiados se haya convertido en una crisis que es sobre todo política
Essays in Banking and Corporate Finance
No full textThis thesis explores the interplay between financial intermediation and economic
conditions. It examines how banks’ industry specialization interacts with monetary
policies and how collateral value uncertainties shape the lending behaviors
of financial intermediaries. The first chapter reveals that banks with industry specialization
adjust lending practices significantly in response to monetary policy
changes, leveraging sector-specific knowledge to enhance loan performance. The
second chapter investigates the effects of collateral value uncertainty on banks’
lending decisions, showing that high uncertainty increases banks’ real estate lending
at the expense of commercial loans, impacting profitability and loan performance.
The third chapter demonstrates how firms invest in intangible customer
capital to enhance borrowing capacity through unsecured debt. Integrating these
insights, the thesis underscores how financial intermediation influences economic
outcomes, offering valuable implications for policy and financial practices.Esta tesis explora la interacción entre la intermediación financiera y las condiciones
económicas, enfocándose en cómo la especialización de los bancos y la
incertidumbre del valor del colateral afectan las políticas de préstamo. El primer
capítulo muestra que los bancos con especialización industrial ajustan sus prácticas
de préstamo en respuesta a cambios en la política monetaria, utilizando su conocimiento
sectorial para mejorar el rendimiento de los préstamos. El segundo capítulo revela
que la incertidumbre en el valor del colateral incrementa los préstamos inmobiliarios
de los bancos, afectando la rentabilidad. El tercer capítulo indica cómo las empresas
invierten en capital cliente para aumentar su capacidad de obtener deuda no
garantizada. Integrando estos hallazgos, la tesis destaca cómo la intermediación
financiera influye en los resultados económicos, ofreciendo implicaciones importantes
para la política y las prácticas financieras.Programa de Doctorat en Economia, Finances i Empres
Ninfa florentina. La Ninfa de Aby Warburg a partir de la correspondencia, las conferencias de 1901 y otros materiales del Archivo (1900-1901).
No full text__Esta tesis doctoral, «Ninfa florentina» pretende recuperar el estudio de las fuentes primarias de Aby Warburg, custodiadas en el WIA, para analizar la configuración de Ninfa fiorentina y, especialmente, de la Ninfa, imagen en movimiento, dentro del pensamiento de Aby Warburg.
El proyecto Ninfa fiorentina [NF], que Warburg emprende junto a su amigo André Jolles la primavera de 1900, pretendía ser un estudio en forma de correspondencia ficticia sobre el arte florentino del Quattrocento y, más concretamente, sobre la joven criada, la Ninfa, que irrumpe en el fresco la Natividad de San Juan de Ghirlandaio. El proyecto dio como resultado dos cartas: la Epistola prima de Jolles, fechada el 23 de noviembre de 1900, y la respuesta de Warburg, con fecha incierta, pero redactada entre finales de 1900 e inicios de 1901. Ambas epístolas constituyen el único documento definitivo de un proyecto inconcluso del que, sin embargo, se conservan decenas de materiales preparatorios, borradores, apuntes, esquemas, dibujos...
Esta tesis doctoral pretende releer el proyecto, su envergadura e importancia, a la luz de la información que se ha revelado gracias al trabajo con los materiales inéditos. La transcripción y traducción del material inédito se presenta en el Apéndice de esta tesis. Los materiales han permitido analizar las dos cartas desde una perspectiva inédita: reconstruir la cronología del proyecto; comprender el trasfondo del reparto de roles entre los dos amigos o las aportaciones de André Jolles…y, sobre todo, estudiar el modo en el que se va configurando el método de Aby Warburg mientras elabora su respuesta.
La inauguración del método psicohistórico-cultural en la respuesta, encontrará su punto álgido en las conferencias de 1901. Esta tesis defiende que el proyecto Ninfa fiorentina debe alejarse de la sombra del «fracaso» porque las tres conferencias se constituyen como una derivación y que, muy especialmente la tercera de ellas, cuya parte final Warburg dedica a ejemplificar la supervivencia de la Antigüedad a través de la figura de la Ninfa, es una suerte de continuación directa.
Este estudio es el que compone la primera parte de la tesis, Ninfa fiorentina, que da cuenta de la relevancia de los materiales que permanecían «ocultos» en el Archivo para intentar restituir, con ellos, la magnitud e importancia del proyecto. El análisis de las dos cartas a través de los nuevos materiales, con la Ninfa como eje teórico, va demostrando, poco a poco, el modo en el que la Ninfa se convierte en una «figura de método» dentro del pensamiento de Warburg.
La segunda parte, «Hacia una idea de la Ninfa», se centra en la cualidad de la Ninfa como «figura de pensamiento» a través del estudio de la genealogía de la Ninfa hasta 1901. Esta segunda parte amplía el marco temporal para trazar la genealogía de esta figura en el pensamiento de Warburg desde 1889, cuando comienza sus estudios sobre el vestido en movimiento, hasta su consolidación en 1901 como concepto central de su pensamiento. A lo largo del único capítulo de la 2ª parte se da cuenta de cómo se combinó, y entrelazó, la configuración del método psico-histórico cultural de Warburg con una teoría de la expresión y del símbolo, en la búsqueda de la comprensión del funcionamiento de la imagen en movimiento.
Esta tesis pretende comprender, desde los textos de Warburg, el porqué de la centralidad de la Ninfa a través de su cualidad dual como «figura de pensamiento» y como «figura de método». Exponer la manera en la que Warburg pensó en la Ninfa y cómo fue colocándose en el centro de su pensamiento.Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Doctorat en Humanitat
Novel insights into the clinical features, genetic spectrum and clonal evolution of patients carrying NLRP3 mosaicism
No full textNLRP3 mosaicism is a well-established mechanism causing the monogenic autoinflammatory disease named cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS). The number of reported patients with NLRP3 mosaicism is small, and the knowledge about the long-term disease behavior is limited. Herein we assembled the largest cohort of individuals with NLRP3 mosaicism reported to date to obtain additional evidence that strengthens the understanding of this disease. The novel genetic data were obtained by using Sanger and next-generation sequencing methods, whereas in vitro analyses determined the functional consequences of detected variants. A total of seventeen individuals with NLRP3 mosaicism were enrolled, with 16/17 experiencing different CAPS phenotypes. An overrepresentation of late-onset forms was detected (37.5%). Overall, clinical manifestations, analytical results, and outcomes of treatments were markedly similar to those detected in patients with germline variants. A large mutational diversity was identified, with 16 different variants among 17 individuals. Two main patterns of mosaicism (extended vs. myeloid-restricted) were detected, with the last one overrepresented in the late-onset group. The evaluation of mosaicism over time identified three different patterns, being the group with stable mosaicism the largest one. Collected evidence supports the marked similarities among patients carrying somatic or germline NLRP3 variants. The overrepresentation of NLRP3 mosaicism in late-onset forms should be considered in patients with inflammatory manifestations starting in adulthood. Analysis of mosaicism at the biological level confirms the two known patterns of corporal distribution and reveals that mosaicism remains stable over time in most patients, but it may also vary during the course of the disease.This work has been partially funded by:
• PID2021-125106OB-C31 (JIA), PID2020-116709RB-I00 (PP), CNS2022-135101 (PP), PID2023-147531OB-I00 (PP), PID2021-125106OB-C32 (FC), RED2022-134511-T (PP, JIA) and PID2021-125106OB-C33 (OF) grants from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN) | Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) | https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 | Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), UE | European Union «Next Generation EU/PRTR».
• AC21_2/00042 (JIA) and IFI22/00031 (JG-V) grants from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III co-funded by Unión Europea Next Generation EU | Mecanismo para la Recuperación y la Resiliencia (MRR) | Plan de Recuperación, Transformación y Resiliencia (PRTR).
• 2021SGR01093 | Agència de Gestió d’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca | Generalitat de Catalunya (FC).
• 21897/PI/22 (PP) and 21214/FPI/19 (LH-N) | Fundación Séneca, Región de Murcia, Spain